6 research outputs found

    Parenting in latino head start families: a mixed methods study

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    Los niños de origen Latino en Estados Unidos representan el grupo étnico con mayor crecimiento. Estudios recientes muestran como están en desventaja a nivel académico desde edades tempranas. Sin embargo, sus habilidades socio-emocionales en edad prescolar son robustas, estando al mismo nivel que sus compañeros de origen caucásico. Existe un interés creciente para desentrañar qué aspectos de la crianza de los hijos en las familias Latinas están asociados con el desarrollo socio-emocional, especialmente en familias en desventaja socioeconómica. El presente estudio utiliza un enfoque de métodos mixtos para examinar varios factores contextuales pasados y presentes potencialmente relacionados con la calidad de la relación madre-hijo en una muestra de familias latinas de bajos ingresos e identificar la asociación entre los diferentes aspectos de la calidad de la relación madre-hijo y las competencias socio-emocional de los niños. La investigación cuantitativa examina la relación entre el riesgo acumulativo, la calidad de la relación madre-hijo, y la competencia socio-emocional en el hogar y la escuela en una muestra de familias Latinas que participa en Head Start (un programa federal para familias de bajos recursos). Además, se examina si la duración de tiempo que los niños han asistido al programa de Head Start modera la relación entre el soporte materno y la competencia socio-emocional. La investigación cualitativa, que compone el 30% de la muestra total, utiliza focus groups para explorar las experiencias que un grupo de madres latinas tuvo durante su infancia y examinar cómo las participantes construyen la asociación entre sus experiencias durante su infancia y su relación actual madre e hijo. Los resultados del estudio cuantitativo indican que el riesgo acumulado se asocia con una disminución en el apoyo materno (observado) y la percepción de cercanía, y un aumento del conflicto entre madre e hijo. En los path analysis, el riesgo acumulado muestra un efecto indirecto sobre la competencia socio-emocional (disminuyendo la competencia social y aumentando los comportamientos internalizantes y externalizantes) a través de su impacto en la calidad de la relación madre-hijo informada por las participantes. El riesgo acumulado no muestra un efecto negativo en la competencia socio-emocional informada por los maestros. Se encontró una interacción entre el apoyo materno observado y la duración de tiempo que los niños habían participado en Head Start; el apoyo materno observado se asoció con una mayor competencia social sólo para los niños que, en el momento de la evaluación, habían pasado menos tiempo en el programa Head Start. Los resultados de los focus groups destacan la importancia de explorar las experiencias de las madres latinas inmigrantes durante su infancia, dentro del contexto socioeconómicos y cultural en el que las ellas crecieron, con el fin de entender las fortalezas y desafíos que enfrentan en la crianza actual. Los resultados sugieren la transmisión intergeneracional de la crianza de los hijos y destacan como las participantes mantienen algunos valores y prácticas arraigadas en la cultura latina, a la vez que experimentan un proceso de transformación en el que incorporan nuevas prácticas. Estos resultados contribuyen a la literatura mediante la identificación de posibles factores (la exposición a la cultura estadounidense, experiencias educativas en la edad adulta, y características) que podrían explicar los cambios en los valores y las prácticas de crianza de las madres inmigrantes Latinas. Se discuten los hallazgos en el contexto de las teorías ecológicas del desarrollo destacando futuras líneas de investigación e implicaciones clínicas.Latino children in United States, who are the largest and fastest growing ethnic group, lag behind their white peers in academic achievement yet they show robust social competence outcomes even when raised in low-income households There is a growing interest to disentangle what aspects of parenting in Latino families are associated with Latino children's social-emotional competence, especially among those living in socio-economic disadvantage. The present study used a mixed methods approach to examine diverse past and present contextual factors potentially related with the quality of mother-child relationship within a sample of Latino low-income families and identify the association between different aspects of the quality of mother-child relationship and children's social-emotional outcomes. The quantitative investigation examined the relationship between cumulative risk, the quality of mother-child relationship, and social-emotional competence of Head Start Latino children across diverse ecological contexts (i.e. home, school) and within economic contexts. In addition, we examined whether the length of time children had attended the Head Start program moderated the relationship between supportive parenting and child social-emotional outcomes to explore a compensatory model. The qualitative investigation, that comprised 30% of the sample overall sample, used focus groups to explore the childhood experiences of low-income Latino mothers of preschoolers and examine how participants constructed the association between their childhood experiences and their current mother-child relationship that has the potential to influence child socio-emotional development. Primary findings from the quantitative study indicate that cumulative risk is associated with decreased maternal supportiveness and maternal closeness, and increased maternal conflict. In path analysis maternal cumulative risk showed an indirect effect on child social-emotional outcomes rated by parents (decreasing social competence and increasing internalizing and externalizing behavior) through perceived quality of the mother-child relationship. Cumulative risk did not shown an effect on teachers' ratings of child outcomes. We found no direct association between observed maternal supportiveness and child social competence or problem behaviors. Instead, maternal supportiveness interacted with time spent at Head Start; maternal supportiveness was associated with higher social competence only for children that had spent less time in Head Start at the time of assessment. Focus group results highlight the importance of exploring Latino mothers' childhood experiences in light of both the socioeconomic and cultural contexts in which mothers grew up in order to understand strengths and challenges they face in current parenting. Findings were consistent with previous research suggesting the intergenerational transmission of both insensitive-harsh and supportive parenting. Results highlight that while participants maintain some values and practices rooted in traditional Latino culture, they also experience a process of transformation in which they incorporate new parenting practices that find beneficial for their growing children. Findings further extend the literature by identifying possible factors (e.g. exposure to American culture, adult educational experiences, and personal assets like being flexible and open to new experiences) that may explain shifts in cultural values and parenting practices in low-income Latino immigrant mothers These results are discussing the context of Ecological theories of development highlighting future research and clinical implications

    Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK): an international, randomised, controlled trial

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    Parenting in latino head start families: a mixed methods study

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    Los niños de origen Latino en Estados Unidos representan el grupo étnico con mayor crecimiento. Estudios recientes muestran como están en desventaja a nivel académico desde edades tempranas. Sin embargo, sus habilidades socio-emocionales en edad prescolar son robustas, estando al mismo nivel que sus compañeros de origen caucásico. Existe un interés creciente para desentrañar qué aspectos de la crianza de los hijos en las familias Latinas están asociados con el desarrollo socio-emocional, especialmente en familias en desventaja socioeconómica. El presente estudio utiliza un enfoque de métodos mixtos para examinar varios factores contextuales pasados y presentes potencialmente relacionados con la calidad de la relación madre-hijo en una muestra de familias latinas de bajos ingresos e identificar la asociación entre los diferentes aspectos de la calidad de la relación madre-hijo y las competencias socio-emocional de los niños. La investigación cuantitativa examina la relación entre el riesgo acumulativo, la calidad de la relación madre-hijo, y la competencia socio-emocional en el hogar y la escuela en una muestra de familias Latinas que participa en Head Start (un programa federal para familias de bajos recursos). Además, se examina si la duración de tiempo que los niños han asistido al programa de Head Start modera la relación entre el soporte materno y la competencia socio-emocional. La investigación cualitativa, que compone el 30% de la muestra total, utiliza focus groups para explorar las experiencias que un grupo de madres latinas tuvo durante su infancia y examinar cómo las participantes construyen la asociación entre sus experiencias durante su infancia y su relación actual madre e hijo. Los resultados del estudio cuantitativo indican que el riesgo acumulado se asocia con una disminución en el apoyo materno (observado) y la percepción de cercanía, y un aumento del conflicto entre madre e hijo. En los path analysis, el riesgo acumulado muestra un efecto indirecto sobre la competencia socio-emocional (disminuyendo la competencia social y aumentando los comportamientos internalizantes y externalizantes) a través de su impacto en la calidad de la relación madre-hijo informada por las participantes. El riesgo acumulado no muestra un efecto negativo en la competencia socio-emocional informada por los maestros. Se encontró una interacción entre el apoyo materno observado y la duración de tiempo que los niños habían participado en Head Start; el apoyo materno observado se asoció con una mayor competencia social sólo para los niños que, en el momento de la evaluación, habían pasado menos tiempo en el programa Head Start. Los resultados de los focus groups destacan la importancia de explorar las experiencias de las madres latinas inmigrantes durante su infancia, dentro del contexto socioeconómicos y cultural en el que las ellas crecieron, con el fin de entender las fortalezas y desafíos que enfrentan en la crianza actual. Los resultados sugieren la transmisión intergeneracional de la crianza de los hijos y destacan como las participantes mantienen algunos valores y prácticas arraigadas en la cultura latina, a la vez que experimentan un proceso de transformación en el que incorporan nuevas prácticas. Estos resultados contribuyen a la literatura mediante la identificación de posibles factores (la exposición a la cultura estadounidense, experiencias educativas en la edad adulta, y características) que podrían explicar los cambios en los valores y las prácticas de crianza de las madres inmigrantes Latinas. Se discuten los hallazgos en el contexto de las teorías ecológicas del desarrollo destacando futuras líneas de investigación e implicaciones clínicas.Latino children in United States, who are the largest and fastest growing ethnic group, lag behind their white peers in academic achievement yet they show robust social competence outcomes even when raised in low-income households There is a growing interest to disentangle what aspects of parenting in Latino families are associated with Latino children’s social-emotional competence, especially among those living in socio-economic disadvantage. The present study used a mixed methods approach to examine diverse past and present contextual factors potentially related with the quality of mother-child relationship within a sample of Latino low-income families and identify the association between different aspects of the quality of mother-child relationship and children’s social-emotional outcomes. The quantitative investigation examined the relationship between cumulative risk, the quality of mother-child relationship, and social-emotional competence of Head Start Latino children across diverse ecological contexts (i.e. home, school) and within economic contexts. In addition, we examined whether the length of time children had attended the Head Start program moderated the relationship between supportive parenting and child social-emotional outcomes to explore a compensatory model. The qualitative investigation, that comprised 30% of the sample overall sample, used focus groups to explore the childhood experiences of low-income Latino mothers of preschoolers and examine how participants constructed the association between their childhood experiences and their current mother-child relationship that has the potential to influence child socio-emotional development. Primary findings from the quantitative study indicate that cumulative risk is associated with decreased maternal supportiveness and maternal closeness, and increased maternal conflict. In path analysis maternal cumulative risk showed an indirect effect on child social-emotional outcomes rated by parents (decreasing social competence and increasing internalizing and externalizing behavior) through perceived quality of the mother-child relationship. Cumulative risk did not shown an effect on teachers’ ratings of child outcomes. We found no direct association between observed maternal supportiveness and child social competence or problem behaviors. Instead, maternal supportiveness interacted with time spent at Head Start; maternal supportiveness was associated with higher social competence only for children that had spent less time in Head Start at the time of assessment. Focus group results highlight the importance of exploring Latino mothers’ childhood experiences in light of both the socioeconomic and cultural contexts in which mothers grew up in order to understand strengths and challenges they face in current parenting. Findings were consistent with previous research suggesting the intergenerational transmission of both insensitive-harsh and supportive parenting. Results highlight that while participants maintain some values and practices rooted in traditional Latino culture, they also experience a process of transformation in which they incorporate new parenting practices that find beneficial for their growing children. Findings further extend the literature by identifying possible factors (e.g. exposure to American culture, adult educational experiences, and personal assets like being flexible and open to new experiences) that may explain shifts in cultural values and parenting practices in low-income Latino immigrant mothers These results are discussing the context of Ecological theories of development highlighting future research and clinical implications

    Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a mediterranean diet: three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-plus trial

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    Background & aims: Some cognitive profiles might facilitate successful weight loss and its maintenance. Also, weight reductions may result in cognitive benefits. However, little work to date has examined the interactions between cognition and weight changes in the context of interventions with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). We studied the within-subject longitudinal relationships between cognition, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and quality of life (QoL), in older adults following a MedDiet. Methods: The PREDIMED-Plus is a primary prevention trial testing the effect of a lifestyle intervention program with an energy-restricted MedDiet (er-MedDiet), weight-loss goals and PA promotion on cardiovascular disease. The PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition sub-study included 487 participants (50% women, mean age 65.2 ± 4.7 years), with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and normal cognitive performance at baseline. A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery was administered at baseline and after 1 and 3 years. Results: Baseline higher performance in verbal memory (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0, 2.1), visuoconstructive praxis and attention (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 0.9, 2.3), and inhibition (OR = 1.3; 95%CI 0.9, 1.9) were associated with a higher odd of achieving at least 8% weight loss after 3 years follow-up in participants randomized to the intervention group. There were moderate improvements in specific tests of memory and executive functions during follow-up. Higher adherence to the er-MedDiet was associated with greater improvements in memory. Women exhibited lower rates of change in global cognition, PA and QoL. Moreover, improvements in memory correlated with reductions in BMI after 1 year (βSTD = -0.14) and with improvements in PA after 3 years (βSTD = 0.13). Finally, participants who experienced greater improvements in executive functions and global cognition also experienced greater improvements in their QoL. Conclusions: This study refines the understanding of the determinants and mutual interrelationships between longitudinally-assessed cognitive performance and weight loss, adding further evidence to the cognitive benefits associated with better adherence to a MedDiet. Our results also suggest that weight loss interventions tailored to the cognitive profile and gender of participants are promising avenues for future studies.Study resulting from the following grants: SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the calls “Acció instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'àmbit de la recerca i la innovació en salut” and "Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS)". We thank CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This project was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Spanish Government Official Agency for funding biomedical research - with competitive grants leaded by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal for the periods 2014-2016, 2015-2017, 2017-2019 and 2018-2020, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, a way to build Europe) [grants: PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576]; the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó; the European Research Council [Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #340918] granted to Miguel Ángel Martínez-González; the Recercaixa (number 2013ACUP00194) grant to Jordi SalasSalvadó. This research was also partially funded by EU-H2020 Grants (Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879), Grant PROMETEO/2017/017 (Generalitat Valenciana) and Grant FEA/SEA 2017 for Primary Care Research. This work is also partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. This work was supported by grants from DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 138 from the Departament d‟Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain). CVA are supported by a predoctoral Grant of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/01453). JFG-G has received the Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud (PFIS FI17/00255) of the Acción Estratégica en Salud program (AES) from the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Health. The Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN) is an initiative of ISCIII. None of these funding sources plays any role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data or in the decision to submit manuscripts for publication. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Conflict of interest Dr. Salas-Salvadó reports non-financial support from Nut and Dried Fruit Foundation, personal fee

    Legume consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in adults: A prospective assessment from the PREDIMED study

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