A Hybrid k-Means Cuckoo Search Algorithm Applied to the Counterfort Retaining Walls Problem

[EN] The counterfort retaining wall is one of the most frequent structures used in civil engineering. In this structure, optimization of cost and CO2 emissions are important. The first is relevant in the competitiveness and efficiency of the company, the second in environmental impact. From the point of view of computational complexity, the problem is challenging due to the large number of possible combinations in the solution space. In this article, a k-means cuckoo search hybrid algorithm is proposed where the cuckoo search metaheuristic is used as an optimization mechanism in continuous spaces and the unsupervised k-means learning technique to discretize the solutions. A random operator is designed to determine the contribution of the k-means operator in the optimization process. The best values, the averages, and the interquartile ranges of the obtained distributions are compared. The hybrid algorithm was later compared to a version of harmony search that also solved the problem. The results show that the k-mean operator contributes significantly to the quality of the solutions and that our algorithm is highly competitive, surpassing the results obtained by harmony search.The first author was supported by the Grant CONICYT/FONDECYT/INICIACION/11180056, the other two authors were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, along with FEDER funding (Project: BIA2017-85098-R).García, J.; Yepes, V.; Martí Albiñana, JV. (2020). A Hybrid k-Means Cuckoo Search Algorithm Applied to the Counterfort Retaining Walls Problem. Mathematics. 8(4):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040555S12284García, J., Altimiras, F., Peña, A., Astorga, G., & Peredo, O. (2018). A Binary Cuckoo Search Big Data Algorithm Applied to Large-Scale Crew Scheduling Problems. Complexity, 2018, 1-15. doi:10.1155/2018/8395193García, J., Moraga, P., Valenzuela, M., Crawford, B., Soto, R., Pinto, H., … Astorga, G. (2019). A Db-Scan Binarization Algorithm Applied to Matrix Covering Problems. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2019, 1-16. doi:10.1155/2019/3238574Al-Madi, N., Faris, H., & Mirjalili, S. (2019). Binary multi-verse optimization algorithm for global optimization and discrete problems. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 10(12), 3445-3465. doi:10.1007/s13042-019-00931-8Kim, M., & Chae, J. (2019). Monarch Butterfly Optimization for Facility Layout Design Based on a Single Loop Material Handling Path. Mathematics, 7(2), 154. doi:10.3390/math7020154García, J., Crawford, B., Soto, R., & Astorga, G. (2019). A clustering algorithm applied to the binarization of Swarm intelligence continuous metaheuristics. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 44, 646-664. doi:10.1016/j.swevo.2018.08.006García, J., Lalla-Ruiz, E., Voß, S., & Droguett, E. L. (2020). Enhancing a machine learning binarization framework by perturbation operators: analysis on the multidimensional knapsack problem. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 11(9), 1951-1970. doi:10.1007/s13042-020-01085-8García, J., Moraga, P., Valenzuela, M., & Pinto, H. (2020). A db-Scan Hybrid Algorithm: An Application to the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem. Mathematics, 8(4), 507. doi:10.3390/math8040507Saeheaw, T., & Charoenchai, N. (2018). A comparative study among different parallel hybrid artificial intelligent approaches to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problem. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 11(3), 171. doi:10.1504/ijbic.2018.091704Valdez, F., Castillo, O., Jain, A., & Jana, D. K. (2019). Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms for Neuro-Fuzzy Models in Real-World Control and Robotics Applications. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2019, 1-2. doi:10.1155/2019/9128451Penadés-Plà, V., García-Segura, T., & Yepes, V. 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A., Yepes, V., García-Segura, T., & Pellicer, E. (2018). Bayesian network method for decision-making about the social sustainability of infrastructure projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 521-534. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.140Crawford, B., Soto, R., Astorga, G., García, J., Castro, C., & Paredes, F. (2017). Putting Continuous Metaheuristics to Work in Binary Search Spaces. Complexity, 2017, 1-19. doi:10.1155/2017/8404231Hatamlou, A. (2013). Black hole: A new heuristic optimization approach for data clustering. Information Sciences, 222, 175-184. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2012.08.023Pan, W.-T. (2012). A new Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm: Taking the financial distress model as an example. Knowledge-Based Systems, 26, 69-74. doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2011.07.001Rashedi, E., Nezamabadi-pour, H., & Saryazdi, S. (2009). GSA: A Gravitational Search Algorithm. Information Sciences, 179(13), 2232-2248. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2009.03.004Calvet, L., Armas, J. de, Masip, D., & Juan, A. A. (2017). 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H., Papa, J. P., & Yang, X.-S. (2017). Handling dropout probability estimation in convolution neural networks using meta-heuristics. Soft Computing, 22(18), 6147-6156. doi:10.1007/s00500-017-2678-4Rere, L. M. R., Fanany, M. I., & Arymurthy, A. M. (2016). Metaheuristic Algorithms for Convolution Neural Network. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2016, 1-13. doi:10.1155/2016/1537325Jothi, R., Mohanty, S. K., & Ojha, A. (2017). DK-means: a deterministic K-means clustering algorithm for gene expression analysis. Pattern Analysis and Applications, 22(2), 649-667. doi:10.1007/s10044-017-0673-0García, J., Pope, C., & Altimiras, F. (2017). A Distributed K-Means Segmentation Algorithm Applied to Lobesia botrana Recognition. Complexity, 2017, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2017/5137317Arunkumar, N., Mohammed, M. A., Abd Ghani, M. K., Ibrahim, D. A., Abdulhay, E., Ramirez-Gonzalez, G., & de Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2018). K-Means clustering and neural network for object detecting and identifying abnormality of brain tumor. Soft Computing, 23(19), 9083-9096. doi:10.1007/s00500-018-3618-7Abdel-Basset, M., Wang, G.-G., Sangaiah, A. K., & Rushdy, E. (2017). Krill herd algorithm based on cuckoo search for solving engineering optimization problems. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(4), 3861-3884. doi:10.1007/s11042-017-4803-xChi, R., Su, Y., Zhang, D., Chi, X., & Zhang, H. (2017). A hybridization of cuckoo search and particle swarm optimization for solving optimization problems. Neural Computing and Applications, 31(S1), 653-670. doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3012-xLi, J., Xiao, D., Lei, H., Zhang, T., & Tian, T. (2020). Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm with Q-Learning and Genetic Operation to Solve the Problem of Logistics Distribution Center Location. Mathematics, 8(2), 149. doi:10.3390/math8020149Pan, J.-S., Song, P.-C., Chu, S.-C., & Peng, Y.-J. (2020). Improved Compact Cuckoo Search Algorithm Applied to Location of Drone Logistics Hub. Mathematics, 8(3), 333. doi:10.3390/math8030333Yepes, V., Alcala, J., Perea, C., & González-Vidosa, F. (2008). A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing. Engineering Structures, 30(3), 821-830. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.05.023Molina-Moreno, F., García-Segura, T., Martí, J. V., & Yepes, V. (2017). Optimization of buttressed earth-retaining walls using hybrid harmony search algorithms. Engineering Structures, 134, 205-216. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.04

Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls

[EN] The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction company, and the optimization of emissions is relevant in the environmental impact of construction. To address the optimization, black hole metaheuristics were used, along with a discretization mechanism based on min¿max normalization. The stability of the algorithm was evaluated with respect to the solutions obtained; the steel and concrete values obtained in both optimizations were analyzed. Additionally, the geometric variables of the structure were compared. Finally, the results obtained were compared with another algorithm that solved the problem. The results show that there is a trade-off between the use of steel and concrete. The solutions that minimize CO 2 emissions prefer the use of concrete instead of those that optimize the cost. On the other hand, when comparing the geometric variables, it is seen that most remain similar in both optimizations except for the distance between buttresses. When comparing with another algorithm, the results show a good performance in optimization using the black hole algorithm.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, along with FEDER funding (Project: BIA2017-85098-R) to the first and second authors, and the Grant CONICYT/FONDECYT/INICIACION/11180056 to the third author.Yepes, V.; Martí Albiñana, JV.; García, J. (2020). Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls. Sustainability. 12(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072767S118127Frangopol, D. M. (2011). Life-cycle performance, management, and optimisation of structural systems under uncertainty: accomplishments and challenges1. 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Sustainability Assessment of Concrete Structures within the Spanish Structural Concrete Code. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(2), 268-276. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000419Molina-Moreno, F., García-Segura, T., Martí, J. V., & Yepes, V. (2017). Optimization of buttressed earth-retaining walls using hybrid harmony search algorithms. Engineering Structures, 134, 205-216. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.042Yepes, V., Martí, J. V., & García-Segura, T. (2015). Cost and CO2 emission optimization of precast–prestressed concrete U-beam road bridges by a hybrid glowworm swarm algorithm. Automation in Construction, 49, 123-134. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2014.10.013Worrell, E., Price, L., Martin, N., Hendriks, C., & Meida, L. O. (2001). CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM THE GLOBAL CEMENT INDUSTRY. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 26(1), 303-329. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.303Molina-Moreno, F., Martí, J. V., & Yepes, V. (2017). Carbon embodied optimization for buttressed earth-retaining walls: Implications for low-carbon conceptual designs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 872-884. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.246Yepes, V., Gonzalez-Vidosa, F., Alcala, J., & Villalba, P. (2012). CO2-Optimization Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Based on a VNS-Threshold Acceptance Strategy. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 26(3), 378-386. doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000140Yoon, Y.-C., Kim, K.-H., Lee, S.-H., & Yeo, D. (2018). Sustainable design for reinforced concrete columns through embodied energy and CO2 emission optimization. Energy and Buildings, 174, 44-53. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.013Sierra, L. A., Pellicer, E., & Yepes, V. (2016). Social Sustainability in the Lifecycle of Chilean Public Infrastructure. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(5), 05015020. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001099Sierra, L. A., Yepes, V., García-Segura, T., & Pellicer, E. (2018). Bayesian network method for decision-making about the social sustainability of infrastructure projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 521-534. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.140Moayyeri, N., Gharehbaghi, S., & Plevris, V. (2019). Cost-Based Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Considering Different Methods of Bearing Capacity Computation. Mathematics, 7(12), 1232. doi:10.3390/math7121232Pons, J. J., Penadés-Plà, V., Yepes, V., & Martí, J. V. (2018). Life cycle assessment of earth-retaining walls: An environmental comparison. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 411-420. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.268Lu, K., Jiang, X., Tam, V. W. Y., Li, M., Wang, H., Xia, B., & Chen, Q. (2019). Development of a Carbon Emissions Analysis Framework Using Building Information Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment for the Construction of Hospital Projects. Sustainability, 11(22), 6274. doi:10.3390/su11226274De Medeiros, G. F., & Kripka, M. (2014). Optimization of reinforced concrete columns according to different environmental impact assessment parameters. Engineering Structures, 59, 185-194. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.10.045Hussain, K., Mohd Salleh, M. N., Cheng, S., & Shi, Y. (2018). Metaheuristic research: a comprehensive survey. Artificial Intelligence Review, 52(4), 2191-2233. doi:10.1007/s10462-017-9605-zZong Woo Geem, Joong Hoon Kim, & Loganathan, G. V. (2001). A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search. SIMULATION, 76(2), 60-68. doi:10.1177/003754970107600201Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., & Vecchi, M. P. (1983). Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, 220(4598), 671-680. doi:10.1126/science.220.4598.671Černý, V. (1985). Thermodynamical approach to the traveling salesman problem: An efficient simulation algorithm. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 45(1), 41-51. doi:10.1007/bf00940812Carbonell, A., González-Vidosa, F., & Yepes, V. (2011). Design of reinforced concrete road vaults by heuristic optimization. Advances in Engineering Software, 42(4), 151-159. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.01.002Zavadskas, E., Antucheviciene, J., Vilutiene, T., & Adeli, H. (2017). Sustainable Decision-Making in Civil Engineering, Construction and Building Technology. Sustainability, 10(2), 14. doi:10.3390/su10010014Shi, X., Wu, L., & Meng, X. (2017). A New Optimization Model for the Sustainable Development: Quadratic Knapsack Problem with Conflict Graphs. Sustainability, 9(2), 236. doi:10.3390/su9020236Sierra, L. A., Yepes, V., & Pellicer, E. (2018). A review of multi-criteria assessment of the social sustainability of infrastructures. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 496-513. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.022García, J., Moraga, P., Valenzuela, M., Crawford, B., Soto, R., Pinto, H., … Astorga, G. (2019). A Db-Scan Binarization Algorithm Applied to Matrix Covering Problems. 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(2015). Hybrid harmony search for sustainable design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges. Engineering Structures, 92, 112-122. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.015García, J., Lalla-Ruiz, E., Voß, S., & Droguett, E. L. (2020). Enhancing a machine learning binarization framework by perturbation operators: analysis on the multidimensional knapsack problem. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 11(9), 1951-1970. doi:10.1007/s13042-020-01085-8García, J., Crawford, B., Soto, R., Castro, C., & Paredes, F. (2017). A k-means binarization framework applied to multidimensional knapsack problem. Applied Intelligence, 48(2), 357-380. doi:10.1007/s10489-017-0972-

Tema 3: Herramientas de diseño

II48: Disseny de Sistemes Basats en Microprocessado

Tema 1. Introducción

II48: Disseny de Sistemes Basats en Microprocessado

Tema 4: 68HC11 - EVBU. Parte I

II48: Disseny de Sistemes Basats en Microprocessado

Tema 2: Metodologías de Diseño

II48: Disseny de Sistemes Basats en Microprocessado

The buttressed walls problem: An application of a hybrid clustering particle swarm optimization algorithm

[EN] The design of reinforced earth retaining walls is a combinatorial optimization problem of interest due to practical applications regarding the cost savings involved in the design and the optimization in the amount of CO2 emissions generated in its construction. On the other hand, this problem presents important challenges in computational complexity since it involves 32 design variables; therefore we have in the order of 10^20 possible combinations. In this article, we propose a hybrid algorithm in which the particle swarm optimization method is integrated that solves optimization problems in continuous spaces with the db-scan clustering technique, with the aim of addressing the combinatorial problem of the design of reinforced earth retaining walls. This algorithm optimizes two objective functions: the carbon emissions embedded and the economic cost of reinforced concrete walls. To assess the contribution of the db-scan operator in the optimization process, a random operator was designed. The best solutions, the averages, and the interquartile ranges of the obtained distributions are compared. The db-scan algorithm was then compared with a hybrid version that uses k-means as the discretization method and with a discrete implementation of the harmony search algorithm. The results indicate that the db-scan operator significantly improves the quality of the solutions and that the proposed metaheuristic shows competitive results with respect to the harmony search algorithm.The first author was supported by the Grant CONICYT/FONDECYT/INICIACION/11180056, the other two authors were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, along with FEDER funding (Project: BIA2017-85098-R).Garcia, J.; Martí Albiñana, JV.; Yepes, V. (2020). The buttressed walls problem: An application of a hybrid clustering particle swarm optimization algorithm. Mathematics. 8(6):862-01-862-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8060862S862-01862-228

Reliability-based maintenance optimization of corrosion preventive designs under a life cycle perspective

[EN] Sustainability is of paramount importance when facing the design of long lasting, maintenance demanding structures. In particular, a sustainable life cycle design for concrete structure exposed to aggressive environments may lead to significant economic savings, and to reduced environmental consequences. The present study evaluates 18 different design alternatives for an existing concrete bridge deck exposed to chlorides, analyzing the economic and environmental impacts associated with each design as a function of the maintenance interval chosen. Results are illustrated in the context of a reliability-based maintenance optimization on both life cycle costs and life cycle environmental impacts. Maintenance optimization results in significant reductions of life cycle impacts if compared to the damage resulting from performing the maintenance actions when the end of the service life of the structure is reached. The use of concrete with 10% silica fume has been shown to be the most effective prevention strategy against corrosion of reinforcement steel in economic terms, reducing the life cycle costs of the original deck design by 76%. From an environmental perspective, maintenance based on the hydrophobic treatment of the concrete deck surface results in the best performance, allowing for a reduction of the impacts associated with the original design by 82.8%.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, along with FEDER funding (Project: BIA2017-85098-R).Navarro, I.; Martí Albiñana, JV.; Yepes, V. (2019). Reliability-based maintenance optimization of corrosion preventive designs under a life cycle perspective. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 74:23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2018.10.001S23347