12,778 research outputs found
Sub-femtosecond electron bunches created by direct laser acceleration in a laser wakefield accelerator with ionization injection
In this work, we will show through three-dimensional particle-in-cell
simulations that direct laser acceleration in laser a wakefield accelerator can
generate sub-femtosecond electron bunches. Two simulations were done with two
laser pulse durations, such that the shortest laser pulse occupies only a
fraction of the first bubble, whereas the longer pulse fills the entire first
bubble. In the latter case, as the trapped electrons moved forward and
interacted with the high intensity region of the laser pulse, micro-bunching
occurred naturally, producing 0.5 fs electron bunches. This is not observed in
the short pulse simulation.Comment: AAC 201
A Proposal to Detect Dark Matter Using Axionic Topological Antiferromagnets
Antiferromagnetically doped topological insulators (A-TI) are among the
candidates to host dynamical axion fields and axion-polaritons; weakly
interacting quasiparticles that are analogous to the dark axion, a long sought
after candidate dark matter particle. Here we demonstrate that using the axion
quasiparticle antiferromagnetic resonance in A-TI's in conjunction with
low-noise methods of detecting THz photons presents a viable route to detect
axion dark matter with mass 0.7 to 3.5 meV, a range currently inaccessible to
other dark matter detection experiments and proposals. The benefits of this
method at high frequency are the tunability of the resonance with applied
magnetic field, and the use of A-TI samples with volumes much larger than 1
mm.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. v2 accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letters. Many points clarified, some parameter estimates revise
Dissipative Particle Dynamics with Energy Conservation
The stochastic differential equations for a model of dissipative particle
dynamics with both total energy and total momentum conservation in the
particle-particle interactions are presented. The corresponding Fokker-Planck
equation for the evolution of the probability distribution for the system is
deduced together with the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation theorems
ensuring that the ab initio chosen equilibrium probability distribution for the
relevant variables is a stationary solution. When energy conservation is
included, the system can sustain temperature gradients and heat flow can be
modeled.Comment: 7 pages, submitted to Europhys. Let
Profile: The Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS).
The Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS), located on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya, was established in 2000 as a record of births, pregnancies, migration events and deaths and is maintained by 4-monthly household visits. The study area was selected to capture the majority of patients admitted to Kilifi District Hospital. The KHDSS has 260â000 residents and the hospital admits 4400 paediatric patients and 3400 adult patients per year. At the hospital, morbidity events are linked in real time by a computer search of the population register. Linked surveillance was extended to KHDSS vaccine clinics in 2008. KHDSS data have been used to define the incidence of hospital presentation with childhood infectious diseases (e.g. rotavirus diarrhoea, pneumococcal disease), to test the association between genetic risk factors (e.g. thalassaemia and sickle cell disease) and infectious diseases, to define the community prevalence of chronic diseases (e.g. epilepsy), to evaluate access to health care and to calculate the operational effectiveness of major public health interventions (e.g. conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine). Rapport with residents is maintained through an active programme of community engagement. A system of collaborative engagement exists for sharing data on survival, morbidity, socio-economic status and vaccine coverage
Quantum walk-based portfolio optimisation
This paper proposes a highly efficient quantum algorithm for portfolio
optimisation targeted at near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.
Recent work by Hodson et al. (2019) explored potential application of hybrid
quantum-classical algorithms to the problem of financial portfolio rebalancing.
In particular, they deal with the portfolio optimisation problem using the
Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm and the Quantum Alternating Operator
Ansatz. In this paper, we demonstrate substantially better performance using a
newly developed Quantum Walk Optimisation Algorithm in finding high-quality
solutions to the portfolio optimisation problem
Risk assessment and risk management of violent reoffending among prisoners
âThe final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.05.025â
Academic self-concept, gender and single-sex schooling
This paper assesses gender differences in academic self-concept for a cohort of children born in 1958 (the National Child Development Study). We address the question of whether attending single-sex or co-educational schools affected studentsâ perceptions of their own academic abilities (academic self-concept). Academic selfconcept was found to be highly gendered, even controlling for prior test scores. Boys had higher self-concepts in maths and science, and girls in English. Single-sex schooling reduced the gender gap in self-concept, while selective schooling was linked to lower academic self-concept overall
A Spatially Resolved `Inside-out' Outburst of IP Pegasi
We present a comprehensive photometric dataset taken over the entire outburst
of the eclipsing dwarf nova IP Peg in September/October 1997. Analysis of the
lightcurves taken over the long rise to the peak-of-outburst shows conclusively
that the outburst started near the centre of the disc and moved outwards. This
is the first dataset that spatially resolves such an outburst. The dataset is
consistent with the idea that long rise times are indicative of such
`inside-out' outbursts. We show how the thickness and the radius of the disc,
along with the mass transfer rate change over the whole outburst. In addition,
we show evidence of the secondary and the irradiation thereof. We discuss the
possibility of spiral shocks in the disc; however we find no conclusive
evidence of their existence in this dataset.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, to be appear in MNRA
Motivation in physical education across the primary-secondary school transition
The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal patterns of approach-avoidance achievement goals, implicit theories of ability and perceived competence in physical education across the transition from primary to secondary school. We also evaluated the predictive utility of implicit theories and perceived competence with regard to achievement goal adoption, and determined the moderating influence of gender on temporal patterns and antecedentâgoal relationships. One hundred and forty pupils (mean age at start of study = 11.37 years, SD =.28) completed measures of entity and incremental beliefs, perceived competence and goals on four occasions during a 12-month period. Mastery-approach, performance-approach and perform-ance-avoidance goals, as well as entity and incremental beliefs, exhibited a linear decline over time. Mastery-avoidance goals showed no significant change. Girls exhibited a linear decline in perceived competence, whereas for boys the trajectory was curvilinear. Competence perceptions predicted initial scores, but not rate of change, on mastery-approach and both types of performance goals. Incrementa
Plasma deposition of constrained layer damping coatings
Plasma techniques are used to generate constrained layer damping (CLD) coatings on metallic substrates. The process involves the deposition of relatively thick, hard ceramic layers on to soft polymeric damping materials while maintaining the integrity of both layers. Reactive plasma sputter-deposition from an aluminium alloy target is used to deposit alumina layers, with Young's modulus in the range 77-220GPa and thickness up to 335 Ό, on top of a silicone film. This methodology is also used to deposit a 40 Ό alumina layer on a conventional viscoelastic damping film to produce an integral damping coating. Plasma CLD systems are shown to give at least 50 per cent more damping than equivalent metal-foil-based treatments. Numerical methods for rapid prediction of the performance of such coatings are discussed and validated by comparison with experimental results
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