Signalling pathways and gene expression profiles in prostate cancer

In general, cancer, encompassing prostate cancer (PCa), is a disease that utilises signalling pathways to progress through the uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous cells. Although the mechanisms of how the cells evade intrinsic or extrinsic signals of death and keep on dividing is not completely understood, there is a plethora of evidence that point to certain signalling molecules that are crucial conveyors of the fine tuning that slightly differs in cancer in comparison to control states. The present chapter provides a detailed description of the key regulators of PCa cell life and unveils their closely communicating proteins that aid in the fine tuning of the cancerous state

GAMBARAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO TENAGA PENDIDIK DAN KEPENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI SAAT PEMBATASAN SOSIAL MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Kebutuhan gizi yang harus terpenuhi berasal dari zat gizi makro yaitu karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein serta zat gizi mikro. Kecukupan gizi sangat penting peranannya dalam produktivitas kerja pada tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan. Selama masa pandemi Covid-19 sekarang ini tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan sangat penting untuk menerapkan pola hidup sehat dengan mengkonsumsi asupan makanan yang bergizi serta sehat dan seimbang untuk dapat meningkatkan sistem daya tahan tubuh yang baik sehingga bisa terhindar dan terlindungi dari penularan Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan zat gizi makro tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi saat pembatasan sosial masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survei deskriptif, yang dilakukan di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada bulan April sampai Oktober 2020. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner formulir food record dalam 2x24 jam dan buku foto makanan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat asupan karbohidrat kategori kurang sebanyak 31 orang (77,5%) sedangkan tingkat asupan lemak kategori kurang sebanyak 24 orang (60%) dan tingkat asupan protein kategori cukup sebanyak 16 orang (40%). Kata Kunci :  Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan, Covid 19 ABSTRACTNutritional needs that must be met come from macronutrients, namely carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and micronutrients. Nutritional adequacy is very important in the role of labor productivity in educators and education staff. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, educators and education staff are very important to implement a healthy lifestyle by consuming nutritious and healthy and balanced food intake to be able to improve a good immune system so that it can be avoided and protected from Covid-19 transmission. The purpose of this study was to describe the intake of macro nutrients among educators and education staff at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University during the Covid-19 pandemic social restrictions. This type of research uses quantitative research with descriptive survey research design, which was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University in April to October 2020. The subjects in this study were educators and education workers of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University, with a sample of 40 respondents. This research instrument uses food record form questionnaires in 2x24 hours and food photo books. The analysis used in this study is univariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents had a lower level of carbohydrate intake of 31 people (77.5%) while the level of fat intake category is less as much as 24 people (60%) and the level of protein intake category is enough as much as 16 people (40%). Keywords : Macro Nutrient Intake, Educators and Education Staff, Covid 1

GAMBARAN KECUKUPAN MINERAL MAKRO PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER II FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI MANADO SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Mineral terdapat di dalam tubuh dan memegang peranan penting dalam pemeliharaan fungsi tubuh, baik pada tingkat sel, jaringan organ maupun fungsi tubuh secara keseluruhan. Sejumlah mineral dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dengan fungsi tertentu. Tercukupinya asupan mineral makro selama masa pandemi COVID-19, terlebih pada usia remaja maka kebutuhan gizi tubuh tetap terpenuhi serta dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh sehingga dapat terhindar dari COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kecukupan mineral makro pada mahasiswa semester II Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Oktober 2020, di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 118 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu data umum karakteristik responden dan data asupan dari responden selama 2 hari yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk food record. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan kalsium dari responden sebagian besar yaitu sebanyak 85,6% responden berada dalam kategori kurang, asupan natrium sebanyak 94,1% responden dalam kategori kurang, sebanyak 97,5% responden memiliki asupan kalium dalam kategori kurang, asupan fosfor sebanyak 74,6% responden dalam kategori kurang dan ada sebanyak 13,5% responden memiliki asupan dalam kategori lebih, asupan magnesium sebanyak 69,4% responden dalam kategori kurang dan sebanyak 15,3% responden berada dalam kategori lebih. Kata Kunci: Kecukupan Mineral Makro, Mahasiswa, COVID-19 ABSTRACTMinerals are found in the body and play an important role in maintaining body functions, both at the cellular level, organ tissues and overall body functions. A number of minerals are needed by the body with certain functions. Adequacy of macro mineral intake during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at adolescence, the body's nutritional needs are still met and can improve the immune system so that it can avoid COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of macro minerals in semester II students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research is descriptive in nature, which was conducted in June - October 2020, at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University Manado with a total sample of 118 respondents. The research instrument used was general data on respondent characteristics and intake data from respondents for 2 days which were collected using a questionnaire in the form of a food record. The results showed that the calcium intake of the respondents was mostly 85.6% of respondents were in the low category, 94.1% of respondents were in the poor category, 97.5% of respondents had low potassium intake, as much as phosphorus intake. 74.6% of respondents were in the low category and 13.5% of respondents had an intake in the excess category, 69.4% of respondents were in the less category and 15.3% of respondents were in the excess category. Keywords: Adequacy of Macro Minerals, Students, COVID-1

Frontal brain asymmetries as effective parameters to assess the quality of audiovisual stimuli perception in adult and young cochlear implant users

How is music perceived by cochlear implant (CI) users? This question arises as "the next step" given the impressive performance obtained by these patients in language perception. Furthermore, how can music perception be evaluated beyond self-report rating, in order to obtain measurable data? To address this question, estimation of the frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha activity imbalance, acquired through a 19-channel EEG cap, appears to be a suitable instrument to measure the approach/withdrawal (AW index) reaction to external stimuli. Specifically, a greater value of AW indicates an increased propensity to stimulus approach, and vice versa a lower one a tendency to withdraw from the stimulus. Additionally, due to prelingually and postlingually deafened pathology acquisition, children and adults, respectively, would probably differ in music perception. The aim of the present study was to investigate children and adult CI users, in unilateral (UCI) and bilateral (BCI) implantation conditions, during three experimental situations of music exposure (normal, distorted and mute). Additionally, a study of functional connectivity patterns within cerebral networks was performed to investigate functioning patterns in different experimental populations. As a general result, congruency among patterns between BCI patients and control (CTRL) subjects was seen, characterised by lowest values for the distorted condition (vs. normal and mute conditions) in the AW index and in the connectivity analysis. Additionally, the normal and distorted conditions were significantly different in CI and CTRL adults, and in CTRL children, but not in CI children. These results suggest a higher capacity of discrimination and approach motivation towards normal music in CTRL and BCI subjects, but not for UCI patients. Therefore, for perception of music CTRL and BCI participants appear more similar than UCI subjects, as estimated by measurable and not self-reported parameters

Application of Digital Terrain Model to volcanology

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the ground surface (Digital Terrain Model, DTM), derived by airborne GPS photogrammetric surveys, is a powerful tool for implementing morphological analysis in remote areas. High accurate 3D models, with submeter elevation accuracy, can be obtained by images acquired at photo scales between 1:5000-1:20000. Multitemporal DTMs acquired periodically over volcanic area allow the monitoring of areas interested by crustal deformations and the evaluation of mass balance when large instability phenomena or lava flows have occurred. The work described the results obtained from the analysis of photogrammetric data collected over the Vulcano Island from 1971 to 2001. The data, processed by means of the Digital Photogrammetry Workstation DPW 770, provided DTM with accuracy ranging between few centimeters to few decimeters depending on the geometric image resolution, terrain configuration and quality of photographs

APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING SURVEYING TO ROCK SLOPES RISK ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS

The methods for understanding rock instability mechanisms and for evaluating potential destructive scenarios are of great importance in risk assessment analysis dedicated to the establishment of appropriate prevention and mitigation actions. When the portion of the unstable rock mass is very large, effective actions to counteract the risks are complex and expensive. In these conditions, an optimal risk management cannot ignore procedures able to faster and accurately acquire i) geometrical data for modeling the geometry of the rock walls and implementing reliable forecasting models and ii) monitoring data able to describe the magnitude and the direction of deformation processes. These data contributes to the prediction of the behavior of a landslide if the measurements are acquired frequently and reliable numerical models can be implemented. Innovative geomatic techniques, based on GPS, Terrestrial Laser Scanning Surveying (TLS), automated total station and satellite and ground SAR Interferometry, have been recently applied to define the geometry and monitoring the displacements of unstable slopes. Among these, TLS is mainly adopted to generate detailed 3D models useful to reconstruct rock wall geometry by contributing to the estimation of geo-mechanical parameters, that is orientation, persistence and apparent spacing of rock discontinuities. Two examples of applications of TLS technique to the analysis of a large front in a quarry and of a rock shoulder of a dam are presented

Pengembangan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IX di SMPN 4 Pasar Kemis dengan Menggunakan Powtoon

Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan para pengajar di sekolah SMPN 4 Pasar Kemis yang khusus diberikan pada kelas IX untuk mempermudah pendalaman ilmu pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang saat ini sedang menjalani pembelajaran jarak jauh atau disebut dengan pembelajaran dalam jaringan. Maka dari itu dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah pemanfaatan multimedia interaktif dengan memberikan sebuah video pembelajaran yang dibuat menggunakan sarana powtoon untuk menunjang pembawaan materi yang sudah berkoordinasi oleh tim pengajar pada mata pelajaran ini. Dengan adanya video pembelajaran ini diharapkan dapat membantu para siswa-siswinya dalam memahami materi yang ada, juga memudahkan pengajaran guru ketika menjelaskan materi yang diberikan oleh mereka. Kedepannya para guru bisa menggunakan metode yang dibuat ini untuk menunjang pengajaran mereka