Caracterização da Carne Marinhoa DOP

Este trabalho resultou da análise de dados existentes na Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Marinhoa (ACRM), no matadouro de Aveiro, obtidos durante a recria de vitelos em parceria e da análise das respostas a inquéritos feitos a uma amostra da população residente no solar de origem da raça Marinhoa. Teve como objectivo caracterizar as primeiras 56 carcaças de bovinos que foram comercializadas pelo Agrupamento de Produtores CARMARDOP e avaliar a importância e o reconhecimento que esta DOP tem na região solar da raça. Determinou-se: a idade média ao abate (494,0 dias ±173,35); o sexo dos animais abatidos (82,0% machos); a classe dos animais abatidos (60,3% da classe novilho); o peso médio de carcaça (194,4 kg ±63,95); o ganho de peso diário entre os 150 e os 285 dias de idade (0,528kg/dia). Verificou-se que 44,2% das carcaças obtiveram a classificação P1 e 30,7% a classificação P2, a vazia é a peça mais abundante na categoria Extra, que no seu total representa 13,9 % do peso da carcaça, as peças de 1ª Categoria constituem 38,8 % da carcaça, sendo o acém a peça com maior peso e na 2ª Categoria, com 23,11% do peso da carcaça, a aba é a peça mais representativa. Em relação ao inquérito efectuado apurou-se que: 13% dos inquiridos consome carne de bovino (gosto pessoal, confiança no produto criado em casa); 60% conhece o significado da expressão “Denominação de Origem Protegida”, sobretudo os inquiridos do sexo masculino e na faixa etária dos 31-40 anos; 48,9% já provou carne com DOP e apenas 20% já provou Carne Marinhoa DOP. Embora esteja a ser importante o trabalho de divulgação do produto que tem sido desenvolvido pela ACRM e pelo agrupamento de produtores, consideramos fundamental a divulgação desta carne pelas entidades políticas competentes, por se tratar de um produto de qualidade, exclusivo da região, e que poderá constituir uma mais valia para a sua população e para a preservação desta raça autóctone

The Alchemist

This investigation uses a recent methodology, essentially based on our evolutionary algorithm (EA) to get new insights about the energetics and structure of the first solvation shells of lithium ion in polar solvents that form important hydrogen bonds. We employed the EA to search for the low-energy structures of the Li+(H2O)n and Li+(CH3OH)n clusters (with n ⩽ 20) as modeled by commonly used rigid nonpolarizable force-field potentials. Particular emphasis is given to the characterization of the putative global minima; for Li+(H2O)17, the EA discovered a new global minimum with five water molecules directly coordinating the ion. Smaller-size clusters were, then, re-optimized by employing electronicstructure methods, namely, DFT (with the B3LYP functional and both the 6-31+G∗ and 6-311+G∗∗ basis sets) and MP2 (with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set). In the case of Li+(H2O)n, the ab initio global minimum structures are similar to those obtained with the EA up to n = 10. However, for n = 17, the structure of the global minimum discovered by the EA is different from the lowest-energy cluster obtained after re-optimization at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Such energy reorder may be attributed to the water–water interaction. As for the Li+(CH3OH)n clusters, the re-optimization process leads more often to a reorder in the energy of the minimum structures. Thus, forfluxional clusters like the Li+(CH3OH)n ones that show a huge number of stationary configurations within a small energy window, it is mandatory to carefully choose various structures, besides the global minimum, to be re-optimized at the ab initio or DFT levels. Due to the difficulty on choosing adequate departing structures by the usually employed chemical intuition, we noticed that some low-energy minima (including the global one) of even small Li+(CH3OH)n clusters were missed in literature. We showcase this problem in the Li+(CH3OH)6 cluster, whose vibrational frequencies in the C–O stretching region and corresponding infrared intensities were calculated at the DFT level of theory and compared with previously reported results

Influencia de la densidad animal en la respuesta productiva de conejos en una explotación industrial

publishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Conejos, abejas, peces y cerdos. Ponencia nº 2

Genetic relationship of the marismeña cow with some andalusian breeds

The Marismeña breed has a large variety of coat colors, this fact could be explained by the influence of other Andalusian breeds like Pajuna, or Berrenda. The objective of this research work was to detect the influence of some different Andalusian bovine breeds into the Marismeña bovine population from Doñana National Park. For the DNA extraction blood samples were used from the races: (n=224) Marismeña (40), Berrenda en Colorado (40), Berrenda en Negro (32) y Pajuna (40); as control groups, Palmera (43) and Nelore (29). A 27 microsatellites battery applied in the European project of bovine breeds characterization was used in this work. Most of microsatellites were Hardy-Weinberg equilibrated, except Berrenda en Negro was found 11 in disequilibrium (p<0.01). The individual assignment was performed with Bayesian (Structure) method. Bayesian clustering for multiple-locus assignment to genetic groups indicated low levels of admixture in the Marismeña breed. Thus, the Marismeña breed may not be admixture with Pajuna, Berrenda en Negro or Berrenda en Colorado.La raza Marismeña es una de las razas con el color de capa más variado, incluye desde los colores sólidos hasta los berrendos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la influencia de algunas razas andaluzas en la población bovina Marismeña del Parque Nacional de Doñana. Se utilizó sangre para la extracción de ADN de animales de las razas (n): Marismeña (40), Berrenda en Colorado (40), Berrenda en Negro (32) y Pajuna (40); se manejaron como poblaciones control la Palmera (43) y la Nelore (29). Se utilizó una batería de 27 microsatélites que fueron aplicados en el proyecto europeo de caracterización de razas bovinas. La mayoría de los microsatélites se encontraron en equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg excepto la Berrenda en Negro que tuvo 11 en desequilibrio (p<0,01). Se realizó un análisis de asignación de los individuos a su población con el programa Structure versión 2.1. El análisis bayesiano para asignación multilocus indicó que la raza Marismeña es la que esta genéticamente mejor definida. Se analizaron valores de k (número de poblaciones) de 2 a 6. Se concluye que la raza Marismeña no tiene influencia de Pajuna o de las Berrendas

Chirped polymer optical fiber Bragg grating sensors

We report chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) photo-inscribed in undoped PMMA polymer optical fibre (POF) for the first time. The chirped polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (CPOFBGs) were inscribed using an UV KrF excimer laser operating at 248 nm. The rectangular gauss laser beam was expanded to 25 mm in horizontal direction along the fiber core by a cylindrical lens, giving a total of 25 mm grating length. A 25 mm long chirped phase mask chosen for 1550 nm grating inscription was used. The laser frequency was 1 Hz with an energy of 5 mJ per exposure, exposing few pulses for each grating inscription. The reflection amplitude spectrum evolution of a CPOFBG is investigated as a function of the applied strain and temperature. Also, some results regarding to group delay are collected and discussed. These results pave the way to further developments in different fields, where POFs could present some advantages preferably replacing their silica counterparts

Long-term monitoring on the occurrence of a myxosporean parasite <i>Kudoa camarguensis</i> (Myxosporean) on the common goby (Teleostei, Pisces) <i>Pomatoschistus microps</i>

The evolution of a host-parasite system composed of Pomatoschistus microps-Kudoa camarguensis was investigated in the Vaccares lagoon (Rhone river Delta, France) from 1993 to 1997. During this long-term monitoring, centennial flooding of the Rhone river occurred, leading to an inrush of about 110 million m3 of freshwater in the Vaccares lagoon. The salinity drastically dropped from 14 to 5 g l-1 in 1 Wk. We observed that the annual prevalence and abundance of the myxosporean parasite decreased from 12.18 in 1993 to 3.7% in 1997 and from 1.10 in 1993 to 0.27 in 1997, respectively. Here, we discuss the possible reasons for the rapid decline of this host-parasite system following the flood

The influence of the preparation methods on the inclusion of model drugs in a β-cyclodextrin cavity

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009 Feb;71(2):377-386. Epub 2008 Oct 17.The work aims to prove the complexation of two model drugs (ibuprofen, IB and indomethacin, IN) by bcyclodextrin (bCD), and the effect of water in such a process, and makes a comparison of their complexation yields. Two methods were considered: kneading of a binary mixture of the drug, bCD, and inclusion of either IB or IN in aqueous solutions of bCD. In the latter method water was removed by air stream, spray-drying and freeze-drying. To prove the formation of complexes in final products, optical microscopy, UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, DSC, X-ray and NMR were considered. Each powder was added to an acidic solution (pH = 2) to quantify the concentration of the drug inside bCD cavity. Other media (pH = 5 and 7) were used to prove the existence of drug not complexed in each powder, as the drugs solubility increases with the pH. It was observed that complexation occurred in all powders, and that the fraction of drug inside the bCD did not depend neither on the method of complexation nor on the processes of drying considered

Branching and annihilating Levy flights

We consider a system of particles undergoing the branching and annihilating reactions A -> (m+1)A and A + A -> 0, with m even. The particles move via long-range Levy flights, where the probability of moving a distance r decays as r^{-d-sigma}. We analyze this system of branching and annihilating Levy flights (BALF) using field theoretic renormalization group techniques close to the upper critical dimension d_c=sigma, with sigma<2. These results are then compared with Monte-Carlo simulations in d=1. For sigma close to unity in d=1, the critical point for the transition from an absorbing to an active phase occurs at zero branching. However, for sigma bigger than about 3/2 in d=1, the critical branching rate moves smoothly away from zero with increasing sigma, and the transition lies in a different universality class, inaccessible to controlled perturbative expansions. We measure the exponents in both universality classes and examine their behavior as a function of sigma.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure