Culture as a project: design, self-determination and identity assertion in indigenous communities

I am grateful to the Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Société et Culture for the financial support.Le principal objectif de cette étude est d’offrir une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont la pratique du design peut contribuer à répondre à des problèmes complexes au sein des communautés autochtones. Cette recherche-action participative a été réalisée en collaboration avec des membres de la Nation Atikamekw, une des dix Premières Nations du Québec. Ce projet collaboratif visait à adresser des enjeux considérés comme fondamentaux par des artistes, artisans et passeurs culturels atikamekw. L’objectif concret du projet a été la conception d’une démarche d’ateliers de design qui favorise le développement de la créativité et de la capacité d’autoreprésentation des artisans atikamekw, ainsi que la valorisation de leur patrimoine culturel. Pour ce faire, plusieurs ateliers collaboratifs de création ont été réalisés pendant 3 années consécutives (2013-2015). Cette étude s’est articulée autour deux aspects : (1) Au niveau pratique et spécifique au contexte atikamekw, cette recherche visait la conception d’une approche d’ateliers en design où les participants s’inspirent de l’iconographie traditionnelle de leur culture afin de concevoir des produits contemporains dans lesquels ils se reconnaissent. (2) Au niveau théorique et généralisable, l’étude visait à avoir une compréhension plus approfondie du rôle qu’un designer social peut jouer dans des projets communautaires à long terme et à développer un cadre conceptuel qui pourra informer les designers sociaux souhaitant travailler au sein de communautés autochtones. Ce cadre conceptuel a été développé à travers l’arrimage des concepts des sciences sociales avec des notions clés de la discipline du design. L’arrimage a été organisé autour de deux notions principales: l’empowerment et l’affirmation de l’identité. Cette étude a adopté la définition de l’empowerment proposée par Naila Kabeer (2001): empowerment se réfère à l’expansion de la capacité à exercer des choix stratégiques dans un contexte où cette capacité a été niée. Je suggère que les choix stratégiques sont liés à des projets (projets de vie, projets communautaires, projets d’identité, etc.). Dans la mesure où le design concerne l’habilité à penser et agir au travers des projets, la pratique du design est un moyen de faciliter l’empowerment des individus. Par rapport à l’affirmation de l’identité, je suggère que la pratique du design graphique concerne un pouvoir humain fondamental : le pouvoir de créer des représentations afin d’affirmer qui l’on est et d’influencer comment l’on est perçu par les autres. En effet, l’objectif d’une intervention en design graphique serait d’accroître le pouvoir d’autoreprésentation de groupes de personnes “invisibles”, en leur permettant ainsi de concevoir et communiquer une identité reconnaissable, particulièrement à travers l’utilisation de symboles visuels. En résumé, la capacité à concevoir et réaliser des projets, en apportant des changements intentionnels à sa propre situation, est un vecteur fondamental de l’autodétermination. Cette capacité est particulièrement importante pour des peuples autochtones qui vivent aujourd’hui avec un lourd héritage de la perturbation de leur société par des politiques coloniales d’assimilation. De nombreux peuples autochtones sont en train de lutter pour redéfinir leur place dans le monde contemporain et améliorer leurs conditions de vie. Par ailleurs, je propose que la culture soit envisagée comme un projet de vie souhaitable, telle que définie par chaque société. Ultimement, je suggère que, dans le cadre d’une collaboration de longue durée auprès d’une communauté autochtone, le rôle principal d’un designer social est de soutenir la capacité de la population locale à concevoir des projets alignés avec les valeurs de leur culture, dans la perspective de créer une vie souhaitable, tel que définie dans leur cadre culturel spécifique.The ultimate goal of this study was to create a better understanding of how design practice might play a part in addressing complex social problems within indigenous communities. This study was conceived as a Participatory Action Research project, and realized in collaboration with members of the Atikamekw Nation, one of Quebec’s First Nations. As a collaborative project, it addressed issues that were considered as very significant by Atikamekw artisans, artists and cultural stewards. The main goal of the collaborative project was the development of an approach of design workshops that could enhance the Atikamekw artisans’ creativity, their capacity to represent themselves, and at the same time, increase their appreciation of their own cultural heritage. This study had two levels: (1) In a context-specific and practical level, it aimed to conceive an approach to design workshops that could tackle the issues identified by the Atikamekw partners. (2) In a theoretical and wide-applicable level, it aimed to develop a better understanding of the roles a social designer can play in long-term community projects and to develop a conceptual framework that could inform social designers who want to work with indigenous communities – by articulating concepts from social science with key notions of design studies. This conceptual framework was articulated around two main concepts: empowerment and identity assertion. I adopted the definition of empowerment proposed by Naila Kabber (2001): empowerment is the expansion in people’s ability to make strategic life choices in a context where this ability was previously denied to them. I argue that strategic life choices are linked to a project. Since being trained as a designer entails learning how to think and act by projects, nurturing people’s inherent capacity to design might encourage their empowerment. Regarding identity assertion, I argue that graphic design practice refers to an essential human power: the power to create representation in order to assert who you are and to influence how you are perceived by others. In this sense, a graphic design intervention might be about increasing the power of self-representation of ‘invisible’ groups, enabling them to project and convey a recognizable identity, particularly through the use of visual symbols. Therefore, at the heart of this dissertation is the notion that the capacity to conceive and realize projects is a fundamental lever of self-determined change. This capacity is particularly important to indigenous peoples who are striving to redefine their place in the world and to forge a better life while dealing with the legacy of colonialism and the consequences of postcolonial policies. I suggest that culture should be regarded not only as a heritage to be preserved and transmitted but mainly as a project of a good life for those societies. By project, I mean that culture, as a life pattern, is the matrix for future development. Ultimately, I suggest that the main role of a social designer in long-term collaborations with members of indigenous communities is to support the capacity of local populations to create projects that are aligned with their cultural matrix, in pursuit of the good life as that culture defines it

Estadiamento clínico imunológico de crianças soropositivas para HIV, no primeiro atendimento, em serviço de assistência especializada em aids pediátrica.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Pediatria, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 200

Expression of mTOR in normal and pathological conditions

The H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020. This work was part of the IPL/2021/GATumor_ESTeSL project.The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein discovered in 1991, integrates a complex pathway with a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By comprising two functionally distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, it is a central cellular hub that integrates intra- and extracellular signals of energy, nutrient, and hormone availability, modulating the molecular responses to acquire a homeostatic state through the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes. Accordingly, dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. While major advances have been made regarding the regulators and effectors of the mTOR signaling pathway, insights into the regulation of mTOR gene expression are beginning to emerge. Here, we present the currently available data regarding the mTOR expression regulation at the level of transcription, translation, and mRNA stability and systematize the current knowledge about the fluctuations of mTOR expression observed in several diseases, both cancerous and non-cancerous. In addition, we discuss whether mTOR expression changes can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, disease progression, prognosis, and/or response to therapeutics. We believe that our study will contribute to the implementation of new disease biomarkers based on mTOR as it gives an exhaustive perspective on the regulation of mTOR gene expression in both normal and pathological conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Explorando as associações entre redes pessoais e acesso a bens materiais em duas metrópoles brasileiras

Esse artigo discute redes pessoais de indivíduos em situação de pobreza em doze localidades em São Paulo e Salvador, Brasil. Resultados anteriores dessa mesma investigação estudaram as redes de 209 indivíduos em situação de pobreza e 30 de classe média em São Paulo. A pesquisa investigou o papel das redes sociais na reprodução da pobreza, levando em conta o acesso dos indivíduos a bens e serviços obtidos em mercados, mas também os alcançados via ajudas e troca sociais. O presente artigo inclui os resultados de outras 152 redes de indivíduos que vivem em cinco localidades pobres de Salvador. O artigo parte da discussão comparativa das características das redes nas duas cidades. Em geral, os resultados confirmam os anteriores, embora com peculiaridades importantes em relação ao papel do espaço e da segregação residencial. Em seguida, realizamos análise quantitativa das associações entre renda, acesso a empregos e empregos de melhor qualidade, testando a importância de atributos sociais considerados classicamente pela literatura, mas também de medidas das redes e das sociabilidades dos indivíduos. Os resultados confirmam a importância central dos tipos de redes e de sociabilidade na explicação das situações de pobreza urbana.This article discusses personal networks of individuals in poverty who live in twelve localities in São Paulo and Salvador, Brazil. Previous results from this same investigation analyzed the networks of 209 poor individuals and 30 middle class individuals in São Paulo. The research explored the role of social networks in poverty reproduction, taking into account the access to goods and services obtained through markets, as well as those received from helps and social aids. The present article complements the information with 152 other networks of individuals in poverty who live in five locations in Salvador. The article departs from the comparison of the characteristics of social networks in the two cities. In general, the results confirm previous findings, but important differences associated with the role of space and residential segregation arise. Following, we developed quantitative analyses of the associations between networks, income, employment and job tenure, testing the importance of social attributes usually considered by the literature, but also network and sociability measures. The results confirm the central importance of network and sociability types in the explaining of poverty conditions

Narrativas digitales de la historia urbana de la ciudad de Indaiatuba (São paulo – Brasil)

La sociedad se reorganizó a partir de la revolución tecnológica. El capitalismo ha sido reestructurado debido a la globalización de las actividades económicas. Los conceptos de tiempo y espacio han sido transformados. Las redes sociales, aliadas al fácil acceso a internet y a las novedades de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han estado facilitando no solamente la generación del conocimiento, como también la divulgación de productos, marcas y la facilidad con la que encontramos los mismos. Una nueva etapa de la historia, ahora más acelerada por la convergencia de momentos, se presenta a partir de la evolución tecnológica. Utilizando Indaiatuba, ciudad del interior de Brasil, como estudio de caso, el objetivo de este artículo es enseñar algunas de las formas de narrar la historia de la ciudad utilizando las nuevas tecnologías, estimulando así la inteligencia colectiva en la sociedad y el compartir de la historia, contribuyendo consecuentemente para la preservación del patrimonio histórico-cultural a través de la mediatización de los mismos.Society has been reorganized due to technological revolution. Capitalism has been restructured because of the globalization of economic activities. The concepts of time and space were transformed. Social networks, coupled with easy access to Internet and new technologies of communication and information have not only facilitated the generation of knowledge but the dissemination of products and brands and their interaction capability as well. A new stage of history, now accelerated by the convergence of moments, is presented from the technological evolution. Using Indaiatuba city in the interior of Brazil, as a case study, the aim of this article is to expose some ways to tell the story of the city using new technologies in order to stimulate society collective intelligence and its capability of sharing their history. This will lead to the preservation of historic and cultural heritage through the mediatization of Indaiatuba richly history.Peer Reviewe

The effect external and middle ears have in otoacoustic emissions

SummaryCharacteristics of how external and middle ear resonance frequency can impact the capture of otoacoustic emissions. Aim: to study the impact of external and middle ear resonance frequency in otoacoustic emissions. Study Design: Prospective, clinical, series study. Materials and Methods: Microphone-probe measurements were made in the external ear, together with multifrequency timpanometry distortion product transient otoacoustic emissions in 19 right and 20 left ears from male individuals and 23 right and 23 left ears from female individuals with 17 to 30 years of age. The 85 ears were audiologically normal. Results: We did not observe statistically significant associations between the best otoacoustic emission best frequencies and the occluded external and middle ear resonance frequencies. Conclusion: Response levels for both transient and distortion product otoacoustic emissions are not influenced by the external and middle ear resonances alone

The opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition in psychiatric hospitalization

Objetivo: Identificar a opinião dos portadores de transtorno mental sobre o fumo e sua proibição durante a internação psiquiátrica. Método: Estudo exploratório com 96 portadores de transtorno mental, tabagistas, internados em enfermaria psiquiátrica de hospital geral. As entrevistas foram realizadas individualmente, utilizando-se o instrumento elaborado para este estudo. O conteúdo verbalizado nas entrevistas foi gravado, transcrito e submetido à análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Identificou-se que os portadores de transtorno mental veem o tabagismo na internação psiquiátrica como ajuda para suportar a dificuldade de convívio e a falta de atividades. A permissão do tabagismo é vista como sinal de respeito às suas necessidades. Os sujeitos relatam não aceitar a proibição total do tabagismo. Conclusão: O tabagismo ajuda a enfrentar dificuldades e conflitos na internação psiquiátrica. Existe resistência quanto à possibilidade de retirar totalmente a permissão para fumar na internação.


Objetivo:Construir un modelo teórico que configure la vivencia del apoyo de la red social por las personas en cuidado domiciliario. Método: Estudio de abordaje cualitativa, con la utilización del método Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. La recopilación y el análisis concomitante de los datos hizo viable la interpretación del significado del fenómeno La vivencia del apoyo de la red social por las personas implicadas en el cuidado domiciliario. Resultados: Se destacó la postura pasiva de la población en la construcción de su bienestar. Reconociendo que debe existir una responsabilidad compartida entre las partes implicadas, población y Estado. Conclusión: Se sugiere que los enfermeros sean estimulados a ampliar el cuidado que realizan en el domicilio para atender las demandas de los cuidadores; y que sean elaborados nuevos estudios con distintas poblaciones, con el fin de validar o complementar el modelo teórico propuesto.
Objective: To identify the opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition during psychiatric hospitalization. Method: An exploratory study with 96 patients smokers with mental disorders hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital. The interviews were conducted individually, using an instrument designed for this study. The content from the interviews was recorded, transcribed and submitted to a thematic content analysis. Results: The patients with mental disorder were identified as perceiving smoking during the psychiatric hospitalization as a help to support the difficulties in socialization and in the lack of activities. The permission for smoking is seen as a signal of respect to their needs. The subjects mentioned to not accept the total smoking prohibition. Conclusion: Tobacco helps to face difficulties and conflicts in the psychiatric hospitalization. There is resistance regarding the possibility to totally withdraw the smoking permission during hospitalization.


Impacto e barreiras da restrição ao tabagismo na internação psiquiátrica: revisão integrativa

The aim was to identify the barriers for implementing the restriction on smoking in psychiatric hospitalization services, its impact on the hospitalized smokers, and the positioning of the professionals. Integrative review of 19 articles published (1989-2011) in MEDLINE and SCOPUS. Descriptive analysis was carried out. The studies revealed that the main barriers for the implementation of the restriction were: beliefs in the patients’ increased aggressiveness, damage to the professional-patient relationship, and lack of preparation to address the theme. After the implementation, the restrictions showed a positive impact: reduction of cigarettes smoked, increased motivation to quit smoking, and more attempts to stop smoking. The professionals who smoked and those who did not believe that quitting smoking benefits mental health patients were those that least supported the implementation of the restrictions. In conclusion, the restriction on smoking is effective in psychiatric hospitalization, as it provokes an attitude of change in mental health patients.Se objetivó identificar las barreras para la implantación de la restricción al tabaquismo en los servicios de internación psiquiátrica, su impacto en los tabaquistas internados y el posicionamiento de los profesionales. Revisión integradora de 19 artículos publicados (1989-2011) en MEDLINE y SCOPUS. Análisis descriptivo. Los estudios muestran las principales barreras para la implantación de la restricción: creencia sobre aumento de la agresividad del paciente, perjuicio de la relación profesional–paciente y falta de preparo para discutir el asunto. Después de la implantación, la restricción presenta impacto positivo: reducción de cigarrillos fumados, aumento de la motivación para dejar de fumar. Los profesionales tabaquistas y aquellos que no creen que dejar de fumar puede traer beneficios al portador de trastorno mental son los que menos apoyan la implantación de las restricciones. Se concluye que la restricción al tabaquismo es eficaz en la internación psiquiátrica, pues provoca cambios de actitudes en los portadores de trastornos mentales.Objetivou-se identificar as barreiras para a implantação da restrição ao tabagismo nos serviços de internação psiquiátrica, seu impacto nos tabagistas internados e o posicionamento dos profissionais. Revisão integrativa de 19 artigos publicados (1989-2011) no MEDLINE e na SCOPUS. Foi realizada análise descritiva. Os estudos revelam as principais barreiras para a implantação da restrição: crenças sobre o aumento da agressividade dos pacientes, prejuízo da relação profissional-paciente e falta de preparo para abordar o assunto. Após implantação, a restrição apresenta impacto positivo: redução do número de cigarros fumados, aumento da motivação para deixar de fumar e do número de tentativas de parar de fumar. Os profissionais tabagistas e aqueles que não acreditam que o abandono do tabagismo traga benefícios ao portador de transtorno mental são os que menos apoiam a implantação das restrições. Conclui-se que a restrição ao tabagismo é eficaz na internação psiquiátrica, pois provoca mudanças de atitudes nos portadores de transtornos mentais

Community Intervention in Elderly Population: a Fall Prevention Project

The data collected was used for the production of epidemiological indicators, structure, process, and results. It is suggested to continue the project for one year, covering a larger sample and subsequent evaluation, and the creation of indicators for informal care providers

Community Intervention in Elderly Population: a Fall Prevention Project

The data collected was used for the production of epidemiological indicators, structure, process, and results. It is suggested to continue the project for one year, covering a larger sample and subsequent evaluation, and the creation of indicators for informal care providers