Se taire est impossible ou le choix de la langue frangaise pour témoigner: le cas de Jorge Semprun et de Elie Wiesel

Notre communication s´attachera à analyser le recours à la langue française dans l´œuvre littéraire de deux rescapés des camps de concentration durant la IIe Guerre Mondiale : Jorge Semprun et Elie Wiesel. Semprun et Wiesel furent enfermés dans des camps de concentrations en Allemagne, dans des conditions différentes: Semprun fut emprisonné à Buchenwald comme résistant communiste espagnol militant en France, tandis que Wiesel fut déporté avec sa famille de son village hongrois vers le complexe d’Auschwitz, destinés à l’extermination certaine en tant que juifs. Nous verrons que la langue française constitue une sorte de refuge pour ces deux écrivains car elle permet de prendre de la distance avec les événements vécus. De cette façon cette langue « étrangère » permet de se réapproprier le passé et d´exprimer la douleur de la mémoire. L’utilisation du français a donc permis à ces écrivains de se mettre à distance entre un sujet trop difficile à aborder dans leur langue maternelle, servant ainsi de filtre, permettant de maîtriser une réalité autrement insoutenable dans leur langue maternelle. De cette façon, l’écriture en français prend la valeur du salut au sens existentiel. Cependant, elle fait revivre les douleurs et les angoisses. Nous nous pencherons sur la problématique de la langue d´écriture car nous verrons qu´il ne s´agit pas que d’une question linguistique. D´autre part, nous verrons que les auteurs expriment à la fois l´impossibilité de communiquer l´expérience des camps et la nécessité impérieuse de témoigner. Comme le dit Wiesel à Semprun dans Se taire est impossible: « Se taire est interdit, parler est impossible » (1995)

Body composition, energy and protein intake in institutionalized portuguese older adults

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Education, employment and gender gap in MENA region

Education is central to human capital capacity‐building, and major determinant of economic development, as it has long been considered as an important investment both for social and economic development. The Middle East and North African countries have been aware of the importance of education therefore considered it as a key part of their strategies and future planning; enrollments at different levels of education have improved dramatically over the past few decades. This study is an empirical investigation to the impact of different level of education attainment on employment level, labor force participation rate and gender gap of employment. For that purpose the cross section time series or panel data set consisting of 15 countries – where the data is comparable -has been taken. Panel data regression analysis has been carried out to find out the magnitude and direction of relationship between dependent and independent variables. Further Hausman test of specification has been applied for the selection between fixed effect model and random effect model. The main finding of this study, that there is negative relationship between educational attainment and male labor participation rate, while it is positive in case of females labor force. The study found also that with the improvement of educational attainment there has been a decrease employment gender gap

Metabolic aspects of palladium(II) potential anti-cancer drugs

This mini-review reports on the existing knowledge of the metabolic effects of palladium [Pd(II)] complexes with potential anticancer activity, on cell lines and murine models. Most studies have addressed mononuclear Pd(II) complexes, although increasing interest has been noted in bidentate complexes, as polynuclear structures. In addition, the majority of records have reported in vitro studies on cancer cell lines, some including the impact on healthy cells, as potentially informative in relation to side effects. Generally, these studies address metabolic effects related to the mechanisms of induced cell death and antioxidant defense, often involving the measurement of gene and protein expression patterns, and evaluation of the levels of reactive oxygen species or specific metabolites, such as ATP and glutathione, in relation to mitochondrial respiration and antioxidant mechanisms. An important tendency is noted toward the use of more untargeted approaches, such as the use of omic sciences e.g., proteomics and metabolomics. In the discussion section of this mini-review, the developments carried out so far are summarized and suggestions of possible future developments are advanced, aiming at recognizing that metabolites and metabolic pathways make up an important part of cell response and adaptation to therapeutic agents, their further study potentially contributing valuably for a more complete understanding of processes such as biotoxicity or development of drug resistance.AG acknowledges funding from the CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials project, with references UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. MM acknowledges financial support from POCentro, COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Community through the FEDER and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/00070/2020). TC and AM are grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for grants SFRH/BD/145920/2019 and SFRH/BD/111576/2015, respectively.publishe

Microbiota-assisted phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils by sunflower

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Soil microbiota benefits from phytoremediation coupled to metal-resistant rhizobacteria

Phytoremediation is used for requalifying soils contaminated with heavy metals (HM). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most studied species for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils. To increase the bioavailability of nutrients and of metals in soils, metal-resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can be associated to phytoremediation strategies. Soil microbiota can benefit from this association, due to the reduced exposure to HMs toxic effect. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied for investigating shifts in soil microbial community after HMs remediation by sunflowers from a soil amended with Cupriavidus sp. strain 1C2. Sunflower was also grown in a non-contaminated soil (control). Actinobacteria were dominant while Proteobacteria was the second most abundant phylum in both soils. Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae were present in higher relative abundance in the control soil. Results have shown that phytoremediation associated to PGPR induced changes in the contaminated soil microbial community: Acidobacterium (Acidobacteria phylum) and Nitrospira (Nitrospirae phylum) bacterial genera increased their abundance at the end of plant growth. These changes did not occur in the control soil, which presented a more stable bacterial community throughout the experiment. This research increases our knowledge on the relationship between soil microbiota and phytoremediation strategies achievements.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbiota-assisted phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils by sunflower

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Biomethane production from phytoremediation derived maize biomass via anaerobic digestion

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The potential of phytoremediation derived maize biomass for the production of biomethane via anaerobic digestion

Maize is an energetic plant with ability for heavy metals removal from contaminated soil. The growth and ability for heavy metals removal by this energetic culture was tested using an industrialised soil contaminated with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) vs. an agricultural soil. Plants biomass production and metal accumulation was monitored and resulting biomass (roots, stems and cobs) was used for biogas production in several biomethane assays (BMP) in a factorial design with different inoculum to substrate ratios being tested. The biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion was monitored until stable production and its composition was analysed through gas-chromatography. It was possible to observe that maximum methane production seems to be proportional to the amount of anaerobically degradable substrate and is quickly obtained (ca. 8 days after incubation). It was also noticeable that the metals present in the industrial soil were not damaging to the anaerobic biodegradation of the biomass. The production of biomethane from metal contaminated soils’ phytoremediation derived maize biomass appears thus as a possibility to counterpart biogas production in an increasingly demanding status of renewable energy requirementsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biomethane production from phytoremediation derived maize biomass via anaerobic digestion

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