The time and frequency comparisons via Loran-C and National TV Network in Yugoslavia

Time comparisons were made between cesium clocks in Yugoslavia and other cesium clocks in the country by the Laboratory of Federal Bureau of Measures and Precious Metals. Regional standard frequency and time signals dissemination is over National TV network by so called active TV system. International comparisons are performed via Loran-C system and by clock transportation. The method of calculation and approximation of the time signal propagation delays is given. Settled comparison results of the cesium clocks via TV network, Loran-C, and by clock transportation are also discussed in this paper

Size distribution of alkyl amines in continental particulate matter and their online detection in the gas and particle phase

An ion chromatographic method is described for the quantification of the simple alkyl amines: methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA), in the ambient atmosphere. Limits of detection (3σ) are in the tens of pmol range for all of these amines, and good resolution is achieved for all compounds except for TMA and DEA. The technique was applied to the analysis of time-integrated samples collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with ten stages for size resolution of particles with aerodynamic diameters between 56 nm and 18 μm. In eight samples from urban and rural continental airmasses, the mass loading of amines consistently maximized on the stage corresponding to particles with aerodynamic diameters between 320 and 560 nm. The molar ratio of amines to ammonium (R<sub>3</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) in fine aerosol ranged between 0.005 and 0.2, and maximized for the smallest particle sizes. The size-dependence of the R<sub>3</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio indicates differences in the relative importance of the processes leading to the incorporation of amines and ammonia into secondary particles. The technique was also used to make simultaneous hourly online measurements of amines in the gas phase and in fine particulate matter using an Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC). During a ten day campaign in downtown Toronto, DMA, TMA + DEA, and TEA were observed to range from below detection limit to 2.7 ppt in the gas phase. In the particle phase, MAH<sup>+</sup> and TMAH<sup>+</sup> + DEAH<sup>+</sup> were observed to range from below detection limit up to 15 ng m<sup>−3</sup>. The presence of detectable levels of amines in the particle phase corresponded to periods with higher relative humidity and higher mass loadings of nitrate. While the hourly measurements made using the AIM-IC provide data that can be used to evaluate the application of gas-particle partitioning models to amines, the strong size-dependence of the R<sub>3</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio indicates that using bulk measurements may not be appropriate

VARIATIONS OF CLIMATE PARAMETERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND SAUVIGNON BLANC PHENOLOGY IN CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL SERBIA

Research carried out in vineyard of King Peter I Karadjordjevic-Royal Winery at Oplenac-Topola municipality, on Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet sauvignon. Vineyard planted with Sauvignon blanc is geographically positioned at GPS coordinates N 44° 14' 4" and E 20° 41' 15" and Cabernet sauvignon is geographically positioned at GPS coordinates N 44° 14' 35" and E 20° 41' 22". Climat parameters (series from 1982-2011 year) included following parameters: mean monthly, vegetation (april-october) and annual temperature, active and effective temperature, precipitation distribution (annual and vegetation) and wind direction. Phenological observation included beginning and end of following phenophases: bleeding, budbreakt, shoot growing, flowering, berry development and ripening. The greatest variation Sauvignon blanc manifested in duration of grape ripening which is in 2010. lasted 46 days while in 2011. lasted 34 days. Cabernet sauvignon in 2011. had a lower number of days that have passed from bleeding to full maturity (209 days) compared to 2010., when it passed 217 days

Feed Quantity Effect on Carp Juveniles’ Plasma Protein and Immunoglobulin Levels

Plasma protein and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in fish can be influenced by stress reaction, caused by some nutritional factors. This paper shows effects of different feed quantity on total protein and total Ig levels in blood of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles exposed to chronic stress conditions. The study was carried out in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) during 96 days. Carps (initial weight 6.43±0.02 g) were distributed into four groups in three replicate tanks, 40 fish per tank. The groups were formed according to the feed quantity applied: 2, 3, 4 and 5% of commercial extruded mixture in relation to the ichthyomass (i.e. groups I, II, III and IV respectively). According to the results, the mean values of total plasma proteins and Ig were highest in group IV and the lowest in group II (p<0.05). Total protein levels were influenced by feed quantity (p<0.05), and sampling time (p<0.001). Total Ig levels were influenced by duration of the experiment i.e. sampling time (p<0.001). In all groups the mean values of plasma proteins after two month of the experiment was increased (p<0.01), and the mean values of Ig in less fed groups I and II (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Total plasma proteins and Ig were not significantly affected by water quality parameters only in the group fed 2% of feed (group I). Significant positive correlation between total proteins and Ig was determined in each experimental group (p<0.01). In terms of reducing stress and ensuring welfare in carp juveniles, applied feed amount should match to the length of fish growing in the fish tanks, stocking density and capacity of the system for efficient water purification

Vodonična veza u push-pull 5-supstituisanim 2-alkiliden-4-oksotiazolidinima: 1H-NMR spektroskopsko proučavanje

Application of dynamic H-1-NMR spectroscopy added to the understanding of the hydrogen bonds existing in the structurally related 5-substituted-2-alklidene-4-oxothiazolidines in polar and apolar solvents. The equilibrated mixtures of these topical push-pull alkenes in CDCl3 consist of the intramolecularly H-bonded (E)-isomer and intermolecularly H-bonded (Z)-isomer in varying proportions which depend on the solvent polarity. For the representative of the series. (Z)-2-(5-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-1-phenylethanone, a concentration effect on the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in apolar CDCl3 has been studied.Primenom dinamičke 1H-NMR spektroskopije došlo se do boljeg razumevanja o vrsti vodoničnih veza koje postoje u strukturno sličnim 5-supstituisanim 2-alkiliden-4-oksotiazolidinima u polarnim i apolarnim rastvaračima. Uravnotežene smese ovih tipičnih push-pull alkena u CDCl3 sadrže (E)-izomer vezan intramolekulskom vodoničnom vezom kao i intermolekulski vodoničnom vezom vezan (Z)-izomer u različitim odnosima, koji zavise od polarnosti rastvarača. U slučaju tipičnog predstavnika serije (Z)-2-(5-etoksikarbonilmetil-4-oksotiazolidin- 2-iliden)-1-feniletanona uticaj koncentracije na stepen stvaranja intermolekulske vodonične veze u apolarnom CDCl3 je takođe proučavan

Performance, intestinal histomorphology and bone composition of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with genistein

The effect of dietary genistein on performance, intestinal morphology, caecal Lactobacillus spp. count, and tibia composition in broiler chickens after 21 and 37 days of feeding was investigated. A total of 360 Cobb 500 broiler chickens (21 days old) were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates of 12 birds each. They were fed a basal diet (C) or a basal diet supplemented with 200 (T1), 400 (T2), 600 (T3) and 800 (T4) mg genistein/kg of feed. Genistein supplementation did not affect feed intake, but improved bodyweight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) after 21 days, while 600 mg/kg led to a significant increase in FCR after 37 days of feeding. Plasma triglyceride level decreased with dietary genistein after 21 days, while increases were found in T3 and T4 groups after prolonged supplementation. Significantly improved duodenal and jejunal villus length and width, crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio were observed after the first and the second finishing periods, respectively, while adverse effects were found in the ileum for both periods. At 42 days old, greater spleen and heart weights were measured in broilers fed diets with 800 mg/kg than in other broiler groups. The shorter genistein supplementation period (21 days) of 200 and 400 mg/kg had a positive effect on tibia wet weight, ash and calcium (Ca) content, while 37 days of the higher genistein doses administered to the T2, T3 and T4 birds significantly increased caecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. Thus, recommended doses should not exceed 400 mg/kg. Keywords: broiler performance, blood triglyceride, Lactobacillus, prolonged fattening, small intestinal morpholog

EFFECT OF BACTERIAL FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND GRAPE QUALITY OF POTTED CABERNET SAUVIGNON (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

In these studies, one commercial bacterial fertilizer - BactoFil B10 was used during the first and second growing seasons of the potted vines. The influence of the fertilization was investigated on the vine growth – total leaf area, shoot diameter, dormant pruning weight and fresh root weight. The most expressed effect of Bactofil application was in the first vegetation with increases of the total leaf area of 9%, shoot length of 6% and shoot pruning weight of 14.6%, in comparison to the control. At the end of the second vegetation, plants were removed from the pots and the fresh root weight was measured. It was found that applied treatment was not influenced on the variations of the average root weight. The first grapes were obtained in the second vegetation, and treatment with BactoFil was not influenced on the differences in the yield, grape and berry weight. Also, treatment was not influenced on the must quality which was expressed over the dry matter content and total acid content

Stereochemistry and 13C NMR spectra of some phenyl selenoethers obtained in phenylselenoetherification of olefinic alcohols

48-5

Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing

Chemical components of organic aerosol (OA) selectively absorb light at short wavelengths. In this study, the prevalence, sources, and optical importance of this so called brown carbon (BrC) aerosol component are investigated throughout the North American continental tropospheric column during a summer of extensive biomass burning. Spectrophotometric absorption measurements on extracts of bulk aerosol samples collected from an aircraft over the central USA were analyzed to directly quantify BrC abundance. BrC was found to be prevalent throughout the 1 to 12 km altitude measurement range, with dramatic enhancements in biomass-burning plumes. BrC to black carbon (BC) ratios, under background tropospheric conditions, increased with altitude, consistent with a corresponding increase in the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) determined from a three-wavelength particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP). The sum of inferred BC absorption and measured BrC absorption at 365 nm was within 3 % of the measured PSAP absorption for background conditions and 22 % for biomass burning. A radiative transfer model showed that BrC absorption reduced top-of atmosphere (TOA) aerosol forcing by ∼ 20 % in the background troposphere. Extensive radiative model simulations applying this study background tropospheric conditions provided a look-up chart for determining radiative forcing efficiencies of BrC as a function of a surface-measured BrC : BC ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA). The chart is a first attempt to provide a tool for better assessment of brown carbon’s forcing effect when one is limited to only surface data. These results indicate that BrC is an important contributor to direct aerosol radiative forcing

CLIMATE AND HARVEST TIME IMPACT ON AROMATIC COMPOUNDS OF SAUVIGNON BLANC WINE

Research was carried out in vineyard of King Peter I Karadjordjevic-Royal Winery at Oplenac-Topola municipality. Climate parameters included: mean monthly, vegetation and annual temperature and precipitation. Different compounds of aromatic complexes were detected by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis. Wine was made from grapes harvested in full maturity and fifteen days after full maturity. The relationship between measured attributes of aromatic wine complex were visualized using principal component analysis and presented graphically through dispersion diagram. In wine were detected following aromatic compounds: higher alcohols, lactones, organic acids, esters and amides. During  the research it variation of the relative proportion of aromatic compounds was found in Sauvignon blanc wine influenced by different climate conditions, accordingly to temperature and precipitation distribution