Nucleation stage in supersaturated vapor with inhomogeneities due to nonstationary diffusion onto growing droplets

An analytical description of nucleation stage in a supersaturated vapor with instantly created supersaturation is given with taking into account the vapor concentration inhomogeneities arising as a result of depletion due to non-stationary diffusion onto growing droplets. This description suggests that the intensity of the nucleation of new droplets is suppressed in spherical diffusion regions of a certain size surrounding previously nucleated droplets, and remains at the initial level in the remaining volume of the vapor-gas medium. The value of volume excluded from nucleation depends on the explicit form of the vapor concentration profile in the space around the growing droplet, and we use for that the unsteady self-similar solution of time-dependent diffusion equation with a convective term describing the flow of the gas-vapor mixture caused by moving surface of single growing droplet. The main characteristics of the phase transition at the end of the nucleation stage are found and compared with those in the theory of nucleation with homogeneous vapor consumption (the theory of mean-field vapor supersaturation).Comment: This work was presented on Research Workshop 'Nucleation Theory and Applications' (Dubna, Russia) in 2013. The paper submitted to Physica A journa

Смыслы культуры и книги. От «брака по расчету» до признаков «первой любви»

The article examines the polygraphic prerequisites for social reflection of the late Soviet and post-Soviet intellectuals and the connection between the autonomy of intellectual work and the autonomy of the publishing cycle. Based on a comparison of changes in publishing technologies and procedures for preparing manuscripts for printing, the change of large paradigms in the perestroika era is reconstructed as derivatives of the cult of reading and the system of institutions that support it. It is argued that although intellectuals upheld the classical canon, the very ways of canonizing works of the past were deformed by changing publishing procedures. The crisis in publishing planning coincided with a new understanding of the intellectual's mission, which meant the establishment of new types of reading as dominant. Thus, the thought of autonomous culture and the simultaneous reconceptualization of world literature contributed to the understanding of publishing procedures as autonomously significant. The disintegration of the disciplinary order of the Soviet publishing sphere and independent scientific book publishing made it possible to complete the project of describing literature as a place of production of norms for the reception of culture that cast doubt on the previous state of literature, thereby approving the program of post-Soviet cultural studies.В статье рассматриваются полиграфические предпосылки социальной рефлексии позднесоветских и постсоветских интеллектуалов и связь автономии интеллектуальной работы с автономией издательского цикла. На основании сопоставления изменений в технологиях издательского дела и процедурах подготовки рукописи в печати реконструируется смена больших парадигм в перестроечную эпоху как производных от культа чтения и системы поддерживающих его институтов. Доказывается, что хотя интеллектуалы поддерживали классический канон, сами способы канонизации произведений прошлого деформировались при изменении издательских процедур. Кризис планирования издательской деятельности совпал с новым пониманием миссии интеллектуала, что означало утверждения новых типов чтения как доминирующих. Тем самым, мысль об автономной культуре и одновременная реконцептуализация мировой литературы способствовали осмыслению издательских процедур как автономно значимых. Распад дисциплинарных порядков советской издательской сферы и независимое научное книгоиздание позволило довести до конца проект описания литературы как места производства норм рецепции культуры, ставящих под сомнение предшествующее состояние литературы, утвердив тем самым и программу постсоветского изучения культуры

Рубенс в русской поэзии: от экфрасиса к идеологии и обратно

Although the name of Rubens was included in the canon of well-known Western European artists in the Russian 18 century and his style was quite recognizable, an appeal to the artistic poetics of Rubens was rare, and Rubens’s eccentricities, created by Valery Bryusov and Nikolai Oleinikov, are full of ambiguities and obscure places. The article clears up all these obscurities based on the enlightening notion of Rubens as an artist capable of only a local mimesis, of portraying the life of Flanders, but not of a classic imitation of nature. This thesis was adopted by Pushkin and Dostoevsky and gradually acquired a moralistic and historicist meaning: Rubens depicts the characters, not the nature of a person, which means that he portrays the vice mainly and draws the viewer into the vicious circle of vice. The reevaluation of Baroque art at the beginning of the 20th century and the symbolists’ dreams of immersive theater required a different look at the audience’s involvement, thereby turning Rubens into an artist who could simulate the revolutionary activity of the crowd. At the same time, Pushkin’s idea of Rubens as an artist of arbitrariness, and not freedom, supported by the cultural image of Paul I as a collector of Rubens, was retained in Russian literature of the twentieth century.Хотя имя Рубенса входило в канон общеизвестных западноевропейских художников еще в русском XVIII веке, и стиль его был вполне узнаваем, обращение к живописной поэтике Рубенса было редким, и экфрасисы Рубенса, созданные Валерием Брюсовым и Николаем Олейниковым, полны неясностей и темных мест. В статье проясняются все эти темноты, исходя из просветительского представления о Рубенсе как художнике, способном только к локальному мимесису, к изображению жизни Фландрии, но не к классическому подражанию природе. Этот тезис был усвоен А. С. Пушкиным и Ф. М. Достоевским и постепенно приобрел моралистический и историцистский смысл: Рубенс изображает характеры, а не природу человека, значит, изображает по преимуществу порок и вовлекает зрителя в порочный круг порока. Переоценка искусства барокко в начале XX века и мечты символистов об иммерсивном театре потребовали иначе посмотреть на зрительскую вовлеченность, тем самым превратив Рубенса в художника, способного моделировать революционную активность толпы. При этом представление Пушкина о Рубенсе как о художнике произвола, а не свободы, поддерживаемое культурным образом Павла I как коллекционера Рубенса, было удержано и в русской литературе ХХ века. Rubensas rusų poezijoje: nuo ekfrazės iki ideologijos ir atgal Nors Rubenso, kaip ir kitų Vakarų menininkų, vardą, stilių Rusijoje žinojo ir atpažindavo dar XVIII amžiuje, jo tapybos poetika netapo dažnu domėjimosi objektu. Jo ekfrazės, sutinkamos Valerijaus Briusovo bei Nikolajaus Oleinikovo kūryboje, tebelieka neaiškios ir nepilnos. Straipsnyje, pasitelkus švietėjų nuomonę apie Rubensą, kaip apie vietinės mimezės menininką, gebantį vaizduoti Flandriją, bet ne pamėgdžioti gamtą, ir siekiama išaiškinti visas tas tamsias vietas. Vyraujanti nuomonė apie Rubensą veikė A. Puškiną, F. Dostojevskį ir pamažu įgavo moralinį ir istoricistinį atspalvį: Rubensas piešia charakterius, bet ne žmogaus prigimtį, todėl dažniausiai vaizduoja nuodėmę ir taip įtraukia žiūrovą į užburtą nuodėmės ratą. XX amžiaus pradžioje atsiradusios naujos mintys apie baroko meną, kaip ir simbolistų svajonės apie imersinį teatrą, privertė pažvelgti į Rubensą, kaip į menininką, gebantį modeliuoti revoliucinį žmonių minios aktyvumą. Puškino nuomonė apie Rubensą, kaip apie savivalės, bet ne laisvės dailininką, susiformavusi dar nuo caro Pavlo I kolekcionavimo laikų, rusų literatūroje išliko ir XX amžiuje

Декорации М. В. Добужинского как версия пушкинистики

The sets by M. V. Dobuzhinsky for the operas by Mussorgsky and Tchaikovsky based on Pushkin’s works represent an attempt to reconstruct Pushkin’s world and Pushkin’s attitude to history. The libretto required a stylization and standardization of scenography, but Dobuzhinsky continued to interpret the images of St. Petersburg and central Russia, correlating the plots of operas with a new national upsurge. Thus, the plot of The Queen of Spades was understood as part of Pushkin’s view on the successes and failures of the Petrine reforms, about the connection between adventurism and the imperial style, which corresponded to the general cultural myth of Petersburg but was supplemented by a number of observations on the Pushkin text. The plot of Boris Godunov was read not as a Russian story, but as a common one for countries inheriting the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia. The plot of Eugene Onegin was brought closer to the dacha plots of Russian literature, becoming part of the integrated image of a lost Russia. It is proved that Dobuzhinsky in his decisions followed not the structure of the libretto, but a close reading of Pushkin’s texts. Декорации М. В. Добужинского к операм Мусоргского и Чайковского на пушкинские сюжеты представляют собой попытку реконструкции пушкинского мира и отношения самого Пушкина к истории. Либретто требовало стилизации и стандартизации сценографии, но Добужинский продолжал разрабатывать образы Петербурга и центральной России, соотнося сюжеты опер с новым национальным подъемом. Так, сюжет «Пиковой дамы» был понят как часть мысли Пушкина об удачах и неудачах петровских реформ, о связи авантюризма и имперского стиля, что отвечало общему культурному мифу о Петербурге, но было дополнено рядом наблюдений над пушкинским текстом. Сюжет «Бориса Годунова» был прочитан не как русский, но как общий для стран, наследующих Речи Посполитой и России. Сюжет «Евгения Онегина» был сближен с дачными сюжетами русской литературы, став частью собирательного образа утраченной России. Доказано, что Добужинский в своих решениях следовал не характеру либретто, а медленному чтению текстов Пушкина

Selection of Parameters of Current Collection Systems of Turbo-Generators to be Monitored by Means of Technical Diagnostics

In this article the choice of parameters of the current collection systems is substantiates, which must be monitored by technical means. It is shown that such parameters are the intensity of the sparking under brushes, uniformity of current distribution on parallel brushes, vibrations and runout slip rings and the state of their surface. For monitoring these parameters Ecotech Ltd (Pskov) develops a hardware-software complex. Complex consists of the following devices: - device to monitor the intensity of sparking, - device for measuring the current of brushes, - device for measuring vibrations and runout, - device for exploring the surface of rotating slip rings. Development of hardware-software complex is supported by the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in the scientific and technical field

Tight junction physiology of pleural mesothelium

Pleura consists of visceral and parietal cell layers, producing a fluid, which is necessary for lubrication of the pleural space. Function of both mesothelial cell layers is necessary for the regulation of a constant pleural fluid volume and composition to facilitate lung movement during breathing. Recent studies have demonstrated that pleural mesothelial cells show a distinct expression pattern of tight junction proteins which are known to ubiquitously determine paracellular permeability. Most tight junction proteins provide a sealing function to epithelia, but some have been shown to have a paracellular channel function or ambiguous properties. Here we provide an in- depth review of the current knowledge concerning specific functional contribution of these proteins determining transport and barrier function of pleural mesothelium

Development of the Metal Rheology Model of High-temperature Deformation for Modeling by Finite Element Method

It is shown that when modeling the processes of forging and stamping, it is necessary to take into account not only the hardening of the material, but also softening, which occurs during hot processing. Otherwise, the power parameters of the deformation processes are precisely determined, which leads to the choice of more powerful equipment. Softening accounting (processes of stress relaxation) will allow to accurately determine the stress and strain state (SSS) of the workpiece, as well as the power parameters of the processes of deformation. This will expand the technological capabilities of these processes. Existing commercial software systems for modeling hot plastic deformations based on the finite element method (FEM) do not allow this. This is due to the absence in these software products of the communication model of the component deformation rates and stresses, which would take into account stress relaxation. As a result, on the basis of the Maxwell visco-elastic model, a relationship is established between deformation rates and stresses. The developed model allows to take into account the metal softening during a pause after hot deformation. The resulting mathematical model is tested by experiment on different steels at different temperatures of deformation. The process of steels softening is determined using plastometers. It is established experimentally that the model developed by 89 ... 93 % describes the rheology of the metal during hot deformation. The relationship between the components of the deformation rates and stresses is established, which allows to obtain a direct numerical solution of plastic deformation problems without FED iterative procedures, taking into account the real properties of the metal during deformation. As a result, the number of iterations and calculations has significantly decreased

Periodic Monitoring and Recovery of Resources in Information Systems

This section deals with the issues of business continuity and recovery after disasters. The authors analyzed standards, laws, and regulations pertaining to the parameters of periodic monitoring and recovery in information systems. This section includes mathematical models of resources and environment periodic monitoring as well as periodic backup and recovery after interruptions or disasters. The work demonstrates that the well-known deterministic periodic monitoring and backup models do not take into account stochastic peculiarities of ergatic systems to the full extent. The authors developed new stochastic models of restricted monitoring and backup that allow taking into consideration resources constrains and random factors of information systems operation. The notion of Bernoulli stream has been introduced. This section suggests the criteria for selecting deterministic or stochastic monitoring and backup models and their combinations. A solution of direct and reverse task of the calculation of control and monitoring procedures frequency is offered. This section also provides a methodology for information system stability management, considering periodic monitoring, rollback, and recovery in case of interruption

Models for Testing Modifiable Systems

The work describes reliability and security growth models for modifiable software systems as a result of revisions and tests performed for specified input data areas. The work shows that the known reliability growth models are of monotonically increasing type, which is not in line with current multi-version team technologies of software development that are primarily based on the open-source code. The authors suggest new non-monotonically increasing models of software reliability evaluation and planning that allow taking into account the effect of decreased reliability resulting from updates or wavefront errors. The work describes the elaborated bigeminal and generic reliability evaluation model as well as the models and test planning procedures. The work includes calculated expressions for the evaluation of the model accuracy and shows that the developed models are adequate to real data. An example is given of transition from probability models to fuzzy models in case of incomplete basic data. The work provides general recommendations for selection of software tool testing models