866 research outputs found
Equilibrium Configurations of Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars with Realistic Equations of State
We investigate equilibrium sequences of magnetized rotating stars with four
kinds of realistic equations of state (EOSs) of SLy (Douchin et al.), FPS
(Pandharipande et al.), Shen (Shen et al.), and LS (Lattimer & Swesty).
Employing the Tomimura-Eriguchi scheme to construct the equilibrium
configurations. we study the basic physical properties of the sequences in the
framework of Newton gravity. In addition we newly take into account a general
relativistic effect to the magnetized rotating configurations. With these
computations, we find that the properties of the Newtonian magnetized stars,
e.g., structure of magnetic field, highly depends on the EOSs.
The toroidal magnetic fields concentrate rather near the surface for Shen and
LS EOSs than those for SLy and FPS EOSs. The poloidal fields are also affected
by the toroidal configurations. Paying attention to the stiffness of the EOSs,
we analyze this tendency in detail. In the general relativistic stars, we find
that the difference due to the EOSs becomes small because all the employed EOSs
become sufficiently stiff for the large maximum density, typically greater than
. The maximum baryon mass of the magnetized stars
with axis ratio increases about up to twenty percents for that of
spherical stars. We furthermore compute equilibrium sequences at finite
temperature, which should serve as an initial condition for the hydrodynamic
study of newly-born magnetars. Our results suggest that we may obtain
information about the EOSs from the observation of the masses of magnetars.Comment: submitted to MNRA
Experimental investigations related to ionospheric probing, Part 1 Final report
D region simulation by ultraviolet photoionization of nitric oxid
Manufacturing consensus in a diverse field of scholarly opinions: A comment on Bushman, Gollwitzer, and Cruz (2015).
We appreciate the efforts of Bushman and Cruz to provide new data describing parents’ and professionals’ opinions regarding effects of media violence. Unfortunately, we feel it is necessary to call attention to apparent errors and inaccuracies in the way those data are interpreted and represented in their article. The article overstates the extent to which there is agreement that media violence has meaningful negative societal effects and misrepresents the relevance of the study to an understanding of the effects of media violence on societal violence. In contrast, we call for a climate of research on media violence that better recognizes the diversity of findings and conclusions in an active and growing research agenda and eschews unwarranted insinuations about effects on criminal violence from research focused on aggression-related measures not assessing violent crime
On non-axisymmetric magnetic equilibria in stars
In previous work stable approximately axisymmetric equilibrium configurations
for magnetic stars were found by numerical simulation. Here I investigate the
conditions under which more complex, non-axisymmetric configurations can form.
I present numerical simulations of the formation of stable equilibria from
turbulent initial conditions and demonstrate the existence of non-axisymmetric
equilibria consisting of twisted flux tubes lying horizontally below the
surface of the star, meandering around the star in random patterns. Whether
such a non-axisymmetric equilibrium or a simple axisymmetric equilibrium forms
depends on the radial profile of the strength of the initial magnetic field.
The results could explain observations of non-dipolar fields on stars such as
the B0.2 main-sequence star tau-Sco or the pulsar 1E 1207.4-5209. The secular
evolution of these equilibria due to Ohmic and buoyancy processes is also
examined.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by MNRA
Dynamic Control of Laser Produced Proton Beams
The emission characteristics of intense laser driven protons are controlled
using ultra-strong (of the order of 10^9 V/m) electrostatic fields varying on a
few ps timescale. The field structures are achieved by exploiting the high
potential of the target (reaching multi-MV during the laser interaction).
Suitably shaped targets result in a reduction in the proton beam divergence,
and hence an increase in proton flux while preserving the high beam quality.
The peak focusing power and its temporal variation are shown to depend on the
target characteristics, allowing for the collimation of the inherently highly
divergent beam and the design of achromatic electrostatic lenses.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 figure
Prevalence and number of Salmonella in retail pork sausages
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in Irish pork sausage at retail level. Samples, comprising branded prepacked sausages, loose sausages from supermarket meat counters and butcher shops, were collected from selected retail sites in four cities from October to December 2001 and from June to August 2002. A 3-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used to enumerate Salmonella in a selected number of samples, which were positive by enrichment. Salmonella serotypes were detected in 4.4% and 1.7% of samples at each of the respective sampling periods; a level similar to those reported in other U.S. and U.K. studies. Limited results available on enumeration suggest that contamination rates were low. This study revealed that Salmonella are present in a proportion of Irish sausages and further risk analysis work is necessary in order to quantify the risk posed to public health. Keywords: control programme, enumeration, serology, bacteriology, food safety
Compressed Membership for NFA (DFA) with Compressed Labels is in NP (P)
In this paper, a compressed membership problem for finite automata, both
deterministic and non-deterministic, with compressed transition labels is
studied. The compression is represented by straight-line programs (SLPs), i.e.
context-free grammars generating exactly one string. A novel technique of
dealing with SLPs is introduced: the SLPs are recompressed, so that substrings
of the input text are encoded in SLPs labelling the transitions of the NFA
(DFA) in the same way, as in the SLP representing the input text. To this end,
the SLPs are locally decompressed and then recompressed in a uniform way.
Furthermore, such recompression induces only small changes in the automaton, in
particular, the size of the automaton remains polynomial.
Using this technique it is shown that the compressed membership for NFA with
compressed labels is in NP, thus confirming the conjecture of Plandowski and
Rytter and extending the partial result of Lohrey and Mathissen; as it is
already known, that this problem is NP-hard, we settle its exact computational
complexity. Moreover, the same technique applied to the compressed membership
for DFA with compressed labels yields that this problem is in P; for this
problem, only trivial upper-bound PSPACE was known
Interestingness of traces in declarative process mining: The janus LTLPf Approach
Declarative process mining is the set of techniques aimed at extracting behavioural constraints from event logs. These constraints are inherently of a reactive nature, in that their activation restricts the occurrence of other activities. In this way, they are prone to the principle of ex falso quod libet: they can be satisfied even when not activated. As a consequence, constraints can be mined that are hardly interesting to users or even potentially misleading. In this paper, we build on the observation that users typically read and write temporal constraints as if-statements with an explicit indication of the activation condition. Our approach is called Janus, because it permits the specification and verification of reactive constraints that, upon activation, look forward into the future and backwards into the past of a trace. Reactive constraints are expressed using Linear-time Temporal Logic with Past on Finite Traces (LTLp f). To mine them out of event logs, we devise a time bi-directional valuation technique based on triplets of automata operating in an on-line fashion. Our solution proves efficient, being at most quadratic w.r.t. trace length, and effective in recognising interestingness of discovered constraints
- …