PENGGUNAAN STYROFOAM SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PARSIAL AGREGAT KASAR TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT TARIK BELAH BETON RINGAN

Beton merupakan bahan kontruksi suatu bangunan yang paling sering digunakan oleh masyarakat saat ini. Namun beton memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Salah satu kekurangan yang dimiliki beton adalah berat jenis yang besar. Penambahan Styrofoam dalam campuran beton akan membentuk rongga sehingga mengurangi berat beton dan akan membentuk beton ringan den Beton merupakan bahan kontruksi suatu bangunan yang paling sering digunakan oleh masyarakat saat ini. Namun beton memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Salah satu kekurangan yang dimiliki beton adalah berat jenis yang besar. Penambahan Styrofoam dalam campuran beton akan membentuk rongga sehingga mengurangi berat beton dan akan membentuk beton ringan dengan berat volume ≤1900 kg/m3 . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penggunaan Styrofoam sebagai subsitusi parsial agregat kasar terhadap kuat tekandan kuat tarik belah. Untuk menghitung komposisi campuran menggunaan ACI.211.1-91. Penilitian ini menggunaka benda uji silinder dengan diameter 100 mm dan tinggi 200 mm. Pengujian dilakukan pada umur beton 7 hari, 14 hari dan 28 hari. Dengan variasi 0%, 60%, 70% dan 80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa setiap substitusi stytrofoam pada campuran beton mengakibatkan penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah beton, namun pada berat volume, subtitusi Styrofoam sebanyak 60%,70% dan 80% dapat menjadikan berat volume mencapai spesifikasi beton ringan dengan berat volume secara berturut-turut 1792,377 kg/m3, 1734,211 kg/m3, 1618,220 kg/m3. Kata kunci: Beton Ringan, Styrofoam, Kuat Tekan, Kuat Tarik Belah

One-hour post-load plasma glucose levels associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and secretion and early makers of cardiometabolic risk.

PURPOSE: Obese adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but with 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1hPG) ≥ 155 mg/dl are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiometabolic complications. Little information is available for the pediatric population, where recently, a lower cutoff, 132.5 mg/dl, has been suggested as being more sensitive to identify subjects at risk of T2D. Our aim was to assess whether obese Caucasian youth with 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dl have worse insulin sensitivity and secretion and a worse cardiometabolic profile compared to obese youth with 1hPG < 132.5 mg/dl. METHODS: Medical records of 244 (43% male; age: 11.1 ± 2.7years) overweight/obese children and adolescents, who had undergone an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were retrieved. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected from the hard copy archive. Indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (WBISI), and insulin secretion (Insulinogenic Index, Disposition Index) were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 244 records analyzed, 215 fulfilled criteria for NGT and had complete biochemical data. Among NGT patients, 42 (19.5%) showed 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dL (high-NGT), while the remaining had 1hPG < 132.5 mg/dL (low-NGT). The high-NGT group showed a higher male prevalence (59.5 vs 37%), lower Disposition Index (0.54 [0.39-0.71] vs 0.79 [0.47-1.43]), and WBISI (0.24 [0.18-0.35] vs 0.33 [0.23-0.50]) than the low-NGT group. High-NGT subjects also showed a trend towards lower HDL-cholesterol and higher triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (2.13 [1.49-3.41] vs 1.66 [1.24-2.49]). CONCLUSIONS: In overweight/obese NGT Caucasian youth a 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dL was able to identify those with impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion and a trend towards a worse cardio-metabolic profile, a group likely at risk for future T2D

Cientópolis: motorizando la ciencia ciudadana

En ciertas situaciones como la toma, clasificación y etiquetado de muestras, el científico realiza un gran número de tareas simples, repetitivas, que no pueden ser automatizadas y que podrían ser ejecutadas por personas sin formación en la materia si se las entrena y asiste con herramientas. En el pasado, en proyectos de conservación, astronomía y biología, entre otros, este tipo de tareas se ha delegado de manera efectiva a voluntarios. Cuando se convoca a ciudadanos voluntarios para colaborar con los científicos, se habla de ciencia ciudadana. Encontrar e involucrar a esos voluntarios, sumado a coordinar y reconocer su trabajo, es una tarea compleja. Definir y conducir proyectos de ciencia ciudadana presenta desafíos en tres áreas críticas: metodologías, tecnologías y construcción de comunidades de voluntarios. El proyecto Cientópolis (http://cientopolis.org) tiene como objetivo producir avances en estas tres áreas y socializarlos con la comunidad. En la actualidad, Cientópolis brinda espacios para compartir conocimiento y experiencias, ofrece herramientas para la construcción de proyectos de toma de muestras con dispositivos móviles y construcción colaborativa de conocimiento, da acceso a una comunidad creciente de ciudadanos científicos y explora estrategias de ludificación para consolidar y sostener dicha comunidad.Trabajo presentado por el Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzada (LIFIA

Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Constituents from the Essential Oil of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae).

Backgroud:Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The present work deals with the chemical composition of the crude essential oil extracted from leaves of L. alba and evaluation of its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Methods: Leaves of L. alba were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of crude essential oil were evaluated in vitro using MTT and broth microdilution assays, respectively. Results: Chemical analysis afforded the identification of 39 substances corresponding to 99.45% of the total oil composition. Concerning the main compounds, monoterpenes nerol/geraniol and citral correspond to approximately 50% of crude oil. The cytotoxic activity of obtained essential oil against several tumor cell lines showed IC50 values ranging from 45 to 64 µg/mL for B16F10Nex2 (murine melanoma) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma). In the antimicrobial assay, was observed that all tested yeast strains, except C. albicans, were sensitive to crude essential oil. MIC values were two to four-folds lower than those determined to bacterial strains. Conclusion: Analysis of chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of L. alba suggested a new chemotype nerol/geraniol and citral. Based in biological evidences, a possible application for studied oil as an antifungal in medicine, as well as in agriculture, is described

Serum angiogenesis associated proteins and clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving bevacizumab

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Ten years of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are there any predictive and/or prognostic markers?

Sorafenib has been considered the standard of care for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since 2007 and numerous studies have investigated the role of markers involved in the angiogenesis process at both the expression and genetic level and clinical aspect. What results have ten years of research produced? Several clinical and biological markers are associated with prognosis. The most interesting clinical parameters are adverse events, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and macroscopic vascular invasion, while several single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma angiopoietin-2 levels represent the most promising biological biomarkers. A recent pooled analysis of two phase III randomized trials showed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, etiology and extra-hepatic spread are predictive factors of response to sorafenib, but did not identify any predictive biological markers. After 10 years of research into sorafenib there are still no validated prognostic or predictive factors of response to the drug in HCC. The aim of the present review was to summarize 10 years of research into sorafenib, looking in particular at the potential of associated clinical and biological markers to predict its efficacy in patients with advanced HCC

The Genus Caesalpinia L. (Caesalpiniaceae): Phytochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics

The genus Caesalpinia (Caesalpiniaceae) has more than 500 species, many of which have not yet been investigated for potential pharmacological activity. Several classes of chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, diterpenes, and steroids, have been isolated from various species of the genus Caesalpinia. It has been reported in the literature that these species exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antiulcer, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antirheumatic activities that have proven to be efficacious in ethnomedicinal practices. in this review we present chemical and pharmacological data from recent phytochemical studies on various plants of the genus Caesalpinia.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Chem, BR-37130000 Alfenas, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Environm Chem & Pharmaceut Sci, BR-09972 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Environm Chem & Pharmaceut Sci, BR-09972 Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

1H-NMR based serum metabolomics highlights different specific biomarkers between early and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma stages

The application of non-targeted serum metabolomics profiling represents a noninvasive tool to identify new clinical biomarkers and to provide early diagnostic differentiation, and insight into the pathological mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. In this study, we used proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis to profile the serum metabolome of 64 HCC patients, in early (n = 28) and advanced (n = 36) disease stages. We found that1H-NMR metabolomics profiling could discriminate early from advanced HCC patients with a cross-validated accuracy close to 100%. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed significant changes in serum glucose, lactate, lipids and some amino acids, such as alanine, glutamine, 1-methylhistidine, lysine and valine levels between advanced and early HCC patients. Moreover, in early HCC patients, Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis highlighted the serum tyrosine level as a predictor for overall survival (OS). Overall, our analysis identified a set of metabolites with possible clinical and biological implication in HCC pathophysiology

Early onset of hypertension and serum electrolyte changes as potential predictive factors of activity in advanced hcc patients treated with sorafenib: results from a retrospective analysis of the HCC-AVR group

Hypertension (HTN) is frequently associated with the use of angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway and appears to be a generalized effect of this class of agent. We investigated the phenomenon in 61 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib. Blood pressure and plasma electrolytes were measured on days 1 and 15 of the treatment. Patients with sorafenib-induced HTN had a better outcome than those without HTN (disease control rate: 63.4% vs. 17.2% (p=0.001); progression-free survival 6.0 months (95% CI 3.2-10.1) vs. 2.5 months (95% CI 1.9-2.6) (p<0.001) and overall survival 14.6 months (95% CI9.7-19.0) vs. 3.9 months (95% CI 3.1-8.7) (p=0.003). Sodium levels were generally higher on day 15 than at baseline (+2.38, p<0.0001) in the group of responders (+4.95, p <0.0001) compared to patients who progressed (PD) (+0.28, p=0.607). In contrast, potassium was lower on day 14 (-0.30, p=0.0008) in the responder group (-0.58, p=0.003) than in those with progressive disease (-0.06, p=0.500). The early onset of hypertension is associated with improved clinical outcome in HCC patients treated with sorafenib. Our data are suggestive of an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with advanced disease who developed HTN during sorafenib treatmen