Exploring the new North of the South? A qualitative study of Venezuelans migrating to Chile since 2013 and the push and pull factors influencing South-South Migration in Latin America

With the wide-ranging crisis in Venezuela exacerbating since 2014 and Chile consolidating its leading economic position within Latin America, the number of Venezuelan immigrants in Chile has significantly grown. This paper aims to understand the push and pull factors of Venezuelans migrating to Chile and their perceived integration. The broader purpose is to better understand the push and pull factors influencing South-South migration, specifically within Latin America. The research design took the form of a qualitative case study and the primary data was collected in 2017 in Santiago de Chile, consisting of nineteen interviews with Venezuelan immigrants from different sectors and two expert interviews. The subsequent transcription and thematic coding of the interviews on NVivo helped quantify and analyze some of the findings. Insecurity, inflation and economic instability represented the main push factors for the respondents to leave Venezuela. Chile’s economic stability, legal facilities and employment opportunities were their main pull factors. Chile’s advanced regional position, cultural/linguistic proximity, security levels, stability and opportunities for immigrants contributed to their decision to stay within Latin America. With the ‘North’ increasingly closing its borders and intraregional migration growing, Chile appears to be perceived as the ‘new North’ of the South in Latin America

Hartmann's Procedure or Primary Anastomosis?

Perforation following acute diverticulitis is a typical scenario during the first attack. Different classification systems exist to classify acute perforated diverticulitis. While the Hinchey classification, which is based on intraoperative findings, is internationally best known, the German Hansen-Stock classification which is based on CT scan is widely accepted within Germany. When surgery is necessary, sigmoid colectomy is the standard of care. An important question is whether patients should receive primary anastomosis or a Hartmann procedure subsequently. A priori there are several arguments for both procedures. Hartmann's operation is extremely safe and, therefore, represents the best option in severely ill patients and/or extensive peritonitis. However, this operation carries a high risk of stoma nonreversal, or, when reversal is attempted, a high risk in terms of morbidity and mortality. In contrast, primary anastomosis with or without loop ileostoma is a slightly more lengthy procedure as normally the splenic flexure needs to be mobilized and construction of the anastomosis may consume more time than the Hartmann operation. The big advantage of primary anastomosis, however, is that there is no need for the potentially risky stoma reversal operation. The most interesting question is when to do the Hartmann operation or primary anastomosis. Several comparative case series were published showing that primary anastomosis is feasible in many patients. However, no randomized trial is available to date. It is of note, that all non-randomized case series are biased, i.e. that patients in better condition received anastomosis and those with severe peritonitis underwent Hartmann's operation. This bias is undoubtedly likely to be present, even if not obvious, in the published papers! Our own data suggest that this decision should not be based on the extent of peritonitis but rather on patient condition and comorbidity. In conclusion, sigmoid colectomy and primary anastomosis is feasible and safe in many patients who need surgery for perforated diverticulitis, particularly when combined with loop ileostomy. Based on our own published analysis, however, we recommend performing Hartmann's operation in severely ill patients who carry substantial comorbidity, while the extent of peritonitis appears not to be of predominant importance. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

Consultaría de identidad e imagen corporativa

En este artículo se describe un proceso típico de consultoría de identidad e imagen corporativa, esto es, el proceso analítico que una organización emprende en colaboración con un consultor externo, tendente a revisar su programa de comunicaciones. Esto significa determinar la eficacia con que se comunican la identidad y la estrategia de la empresa, una vez establecida la naturaleza de la identidad corporativa. Luego de definir alcance del papel del consultor o auditor, el autor  detalla en forma concreta las distintas fases del proceso

Predictions of pressure-induced transition temperature increase for a variety of high temperature superconductors

A wide variety of superconducting oxides are used to test a general model of high pressure induced transition temperature (T c) changes. The T c 's vary from a low of 24 K to a high of 164 K. Although the model is capable of predicting both increases and decreases in T c with pressure, only superconductors that exhibit an increase are considered at this time. Predictions are made of the maximum T^ cP theo for 15 super-conductors as a function of their compressibilities. The theoretical results generally agree well with experiment. This model of T c as a function of pressure is derived from a recent successful phenomenological theory of short coherence length superconductivity.Comment: 9 pages. 1 table, 0 figure

Kesiapan Petugas Puskesmas dalam Penanggulangan Infeksi Menular Seksual dan Hiv/aids pada Pelayanan Antenatal

Background: Prevalence HIV/AIDS among housewife has been increasing which was notice by higher cases of HIVpositive babies. An effective intervention effort in the health sector is to accelerate the decreasing of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) through integrated approach of reproductive health care and STD HIV/AIDS. One of reproductive health services was to prevention and treatment of STD-HIV/AIDS. When this program was integrated with antenatal care it will prevents transmission of HIV from mother to child. The program called Prevention Mother To Child Transmission or PMTCT. Recently in Indonesia program antenatal care has not yet optimally integrated with STD-HIV/AIDS service. The objectiive of this study was to know how far preparedness of health center personnel in prevention transmission of STD, HIV/AIDS integrated with antenatal care. Methods: This study was exploration research. Respondents of this study were personals of public health center that have task related to antenal care and prevention program of STD, HIV/AIDS. Locations of study were Surabaya Malang Blitar Tulungagung, Semarang, Surakarta, Denpasar and Batam. Dara collection was done by interviewed and Focus Group Discussion. Results: The result of the study revealed the unprepared-ness of PHC personnel in term of knowledge about reproductive health and skill in universal precaution practice in integrated program of prevention STD, HIV/AIDS and antenatal care. Lack of facilities and its supporting system including the laboratory equipment and reagents also make activities of this integrated program being obstacle. Health service program still conducted fragmented because there was no standard operational procedure (SOP) of integrated program of STD, HIV/AIDS prevention and antenatal care. It was suggested to conduct a comprehensive program of reproductive health by increasing health personnel knowledge and skill with training; arrange SOP of integrated program of STD, HIV/AIDS prevention and antenatal care. It also needs to complete the facility with laboratory equipment i.e. rapid test and drugs to support this integrated program

A single polyploidization event at the origin of the tetraploid genome of Coffea arabica is responsible for the extremely low genetic variation in wild and cultivated germplasm

The genome of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica L. was sequenced to assemble independently the two component subgenomes (putatively deriving from C. canephora and C. eugenioides) and to perform a genome-wide analysis of the genetic diversity in cultivated coffee germplasm and in wild populations growing in the center of origin of the species. We assembled a total length of 1.536 Gbp, 444 Mb and 527 Mb of which were assigned to the canephora and eugenioides subgenomes, respectively, and predicted 46,562 gene models, 21,254 and 22,888 of which were assigned to the canephora and to the eugeniodes subgenome, respectively. Through a genome-wide SNP genotyping of 736 C. arabica accessions, we analyzed the genetic diversity in the species and its relationship with geographic distribution and historical records. We observed a weak population structure due to low-frequency derived alleles and highly negative values of Taijma's D, suggesting a recent and severe bottleneck, most likely resulting from a single event of polyploidization, not only for the cultivated germplasm but also for the entire species. This conclusion is strongly supported by forward simulations of mutation accumulation. However, PCA revealed a cline of genetic diversity reflecting a west-to-east geographical distribution from the center of origin in East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. The extremely low levels of variation observed in the species, as a consequence of the polyploidization event, make the exploitation of diversity within the species for breeding purposes less interesting than in most crop species and stress the need for introgression of new variability from the diploid progenitors