Continuing a Debate

This supplement contains Mario Blaser's response to the concepts of Political Ontology and Practical Ontology as discussed by Casper Bruun Jensen in his paper »Practical Ontologies Redux«. This article appeared in 2021 Berliner Blätter (issue 84), edited by Michaela Meurer and Kathrin Eitel. It also provides a response by Jensen to Blaser's critique.Not Reviewe

El emerger de otras voces: discursos globales y textos locales

Este trabajo se ocupa de las luchas que desarrollan algunas culturas locales subordinadas con el objetivo de conseguir un espacio para participar de la cultura global. Se analizan tres momentos en la formación de esta última y los estilos discursivos que dichos momentos generan en algunas culturas locales para caracterizar los estilos y conductas que en cada momento operan como respuestas o estrategias locales cuyo propósito es intervenir en los espacios que ofrece la cultura global para la participación discursiva

Reflexiones sobre la ontología política de los conflictos medioambientales

In this article I will argue that the problem posed by environmental conflicts is political-conceptual (all in one word), and in the absence of a better term I will call it the problem of rational policy. Indeed, these conflicts call into question what is generally assumed as rational or reasonable policy, that is to say a policy where the contestants at least agree on what they are contending with. But these conflicts also call into question the conceptual tools with which the social sciences try to capture what is beyond rational politics, and thus it becomes clear how these conceptual tools operate as political tools in another field, that of cosmopolitics. Keywords: ontology; ontological conflicts; cosmopoliticsEn este artículo argumentaré que el problema planteado por los conflictos medioambientales es politicoconceptual (todo en una palabra), y a falta de un término mejor lo llamaré el problema de la política racional. En efecto, estos conflictos ponen en cuestión lo que generalmente se asume como política racional o razonable, es decir una política donde los contendientes al menos están de acuerdo sobre lo que están contendiendo. Pero estos conflictos también ponen en cuestión las herramientas conceptuales con que las ciencias sociales tratan de captar lo que está más allá de la política racional, y así se hace evidente cómo estas herramientas conceptuales operan como herramientas políticas en otro campo, el de la cosmopolítica. Palabras clave: ontología; conflictos ontológicos; cosmopolític

El emerger de otras voces: discursos globales y textos locales

Este trabajo se ocupa de las luchas que desarrollan algunas culturas locales subordinadas con el objetivo de conseguir un espacio para participar de la cultura global. Se analizan tres momentos en la formación de esta última y los estilos discursivos que dichos momentos generan en algunas culturas locales para caracterizar los estilos y conductas que en cada momento operan como respuestas o estrategias locales cuyo propósito es intervenir en los espacios que ofrece la cultura global para la participación discursiva

Da racionalidade cosmopolita à ontologia política e cosmopolítica

This dialogue with Mario Blaser traces his trajectory from Argentina to Canada, in which he revisits one of his first articles that was published by the journal Runa. Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre. Despite the culturalist perspective that dominated Argentine Anthropology at the beginning of the nineties, and the lack of adequate concepts to channel his curiosity during that time, Blaser finds there some concerns that have marked his trajectory as a researcher. This dialogue brings together reflections on the ontological turn, political ontology and cosmopolitics, aside from other issues that involve anthropological practices and the relationships between Archaeology and Social or Sociocultural Anthropology.Este diálogo con Mario Blaser recorre su trayectoria desde Argentina a Canadá, en el cual revisita uno de sus primeros artículos, que fue publicado en la revista Runa. Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre. A pesar de la perspectiva culturalista que hegemonizaba la Antropología argentina a comienzos de la década del noventa, y de la falta de conceptos adecuados para canalizar las inquietudes en aquél entonces, Blaser encuentra allí preocupaciones que han marcado su trayectoria como investigador. Este diálogo reúne reflexiones sobre el giro ontológico, la ontología política y la cosmopolítica, además de otros temas que involucran a las prácticas antropológicas y las relaciones entre la Arqueología y la Antropología Social o Sociocultural.Esse diálogo com Mario Blaser traça sua trajetória da Argentina ao Canadá, onde revisita um dos seus primeiros artigos publicado na revista Runa. Arquivos para as Ciências do Homem. Apesar da perspectiva culturalista que dominou a antropologia argentina no início dos anos noventa, e da falta de conceitos adequados para canalizar as inquietações da época, Blaser encontra, aí, preocupações que marcaram sua trajetória como pesquisador. Este diálogo reúne reflexões sobre a virada ontológica, a ontologia política e cosmopolítica, além de outros temas que envolvem as práticas antropológicas e as relações entre a Arqueologia e a Antropologia Social ou Sociocultural

Anthropology and STS: Generative interfaces, multiple locations

In this multi-authored essay, nine anthropologists working in different parts of the world take part in a conversation about the interfaces between anthropology and STS (science and technology studies). Through this conversation, multiple interfaces emerge that are heterogeneously composed according to the languages, places, and arguments from where they emerge. The authors explore these multiple interfaces as sites where encounters are also sites of difference—where complex groupings, practices, topics, and analytical grammars overlap, and also exceed each other, composing irregular links in a conversation that produces connections without producing closure

Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) Parameters in Young Adults after SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) Compared with Healthy Young Controls

Purpose: To compare retinal changes in young adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with healthy young controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This prospective single-center study was conducted at the University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were imaged from May to November 2021 using the SOLIX device (Visionix International SAS, Pont-de-l’Arche, France). We performed 12 mm × 12 mm, 6.4 mm × 6.4 mm, 6 mm × 6 mm and 3 mm × 3 mm OCT and OCTA scans, as well as fundus photography of each participant’s eyes. Results: In total, 466 participants were imaged. Of these, 233 were healthy controls with negative RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2, 168 were young adults who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 180 days previously, 19 were participants who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection < 180 days previously, and 46 were participants with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., serologically positive but with no symptoms). Compared with healthy controls, statistically significant differences were found for OCTA recordings of the optic disc for the whole image (WI) and WI capillary vessel density, with both being higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Conclusion: Statistically significant results were only observed for selected variables, and in parts, only unilaterally, with relatively large p values (p = 0.02–0.03). Thus, we did not interpret these as clinically significant, leading to the conclusion that young and otherwise healthy individuals (mainly men) seem to recover from mild COVID-19 infections with no ophthalmological residues

The tumor suppressor PP2A is functionally inactivated in blast crisis CML through the inhibitory activity of the BCR/ABL-regulated SET protein

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Evaluation of invasive and non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic children and adolescents

CONTEXT: Multiple diagnostic methods are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, but at present no single one can be used as the gold standard. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3 invasive and 2 non-invasive methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic children and adolescents. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING: Peptic Disease outpatients service, Discipline of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) / Escola Paulista de Medicina. PATIENTS: Forty-seven patients who underwent endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: Endoscopy with gastric biopsies for 3 invasive (rapid urease test, histology and culture) and 2 non-invasive methods (a commercial ELISA serology and 13carbon urea breath test - isotope ratio mass spectrometry) for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of each method and agreement and disagreement rates between the methods. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients [mean age, 11y9mo (SD 2y10mo), 27 female and 20 male]; 62% of them were Helicobacter pylori-positive. All methods agreed in 61%, and were negative in 21% and positive in 40%. The greatest concordance between 2 methods occurred between the invasive methods: histology and rapid urease test (89.6%) and histology and culture (87.5%). The greatest sensitivity, considering Helicobacter pylori-positive cases, for any combination of 3 or more tests, was achieved by the rapid urease test (S=100%), followed by histology, serology and 13carbon-urea breath test (S=93.1%) and lastly by culture (S=79.3%). The highest specificity was obtained by histology (100%) and culture (100%), followed by the rapid urease test (84.2%), serology (78.9%) and 13carbon-urea breath test (78.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that among invasive methods, an association between the rapid urease test and histology constituted the best choice for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. If results of histology and the rapid urease test are different, serology may be recommended.CONTEXTO: Vários métodos diagnósticos estão disponíveis para a detecção da infecção por Helicobacter pylori (Hp), porém, até o presente momento, não há um teste que possa ser utilizado isoladamente como padrão-ouro. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia de três métodos invasivos e dois não-invasivos na detecção da infecção por Hp em crianças e adolescentes sintomáticos. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Estudo coorte prospectivo. LOCAL: Ambulatório de Doença Péptica, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) / Escola Paulista de Medicina. PACIENTES: 47 pacientes sintomáticos que realizaram exame endoscópico devido a sintomas dispépticos. MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS: Exame endoscópico com biopsias gástricas para três métodos invasivos (teste rápido da urease, histologia e cultura) e dois métodos não-invasivos (teste sorológico ELISA industrializado e teste respiratório com uréia marcada com Carbono13). VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo de cada método e taxas de concordância e discordância entre os métodos. RESULTADOS: 47 pacientes [idade média de 11a9m (DP 2a10m), 27 do sexo feminino e 20 do masculino], 62% deles com infecção por Hp. Todos os 5 métodos concordaram em 61%, sendo negativo em 21% e positivo em 40%. As maiores concordâncias entre dois métodos ocorreram entre os métodos invasivos: histologia e teste rápido da urease (89,6%) e entre a histologia e cultura (87,5%). A maior sensibilidade, considerando como Hp positivo, qualquer combinação de 3 ou mais testes, foi encontrada no teste rápido da urease (S=100%), seguido pela histologia, sorologia e o teste respiratório com uréia marcada com Carbono13 (S=93,1%) e por fim a cultura (S=79,3%). A maior especificidade foi obtida pela histologia e cultura (100%), seguidos pelo teste rápido da urease (84,2%), sorologia (78,9%) e teste respiratório com uréia marcada com Carbono13 (78,9%). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que, entre os métodos invasivos, a associação do teste rápido da urease e histologia constituem a melhor escolha para a detecção da infecção por Hp. Se os resultados da histologia e do teste rápido da urease forem discordantes é recomendada a sorologia.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Pediatric DepartmentUNIFESP, EPM, Pediatric DepartmentSciEL

2017 update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias may be associated with worsen outcome and a significant rate of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on management of complicated abdominal hernias. The main matter of debate is about the use of mesh in case of intestinal resection and the type of mesh to be used. Wound infection is the most common complication encountered and represents an immense burden especially in the presence of a mesh. The recurrence rate is an important topic that influences the final outcome. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference was held in Bergamo in July 2013 with the aim to define recommendations for emergency repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults. This document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference approved by a WSES expert panel. In 2016, the guidelines have been revised and updated according to the most recent available literature.Peer reviewe