Shembe: a Zulu Church

One of the ceremonies Shembe initiated was a barefoot three-day pilgrimage to the Holy Mountain, Nhlangakazi. Shembe said the Word had led him to this low, flat-topped mountain, as it was the place God would communicate his instructions to his prophet, just as Moses had to climb Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments. It might have been at Nhlangakazi (accounts vary) that Shembe was struck by lightning and while incapacitated, received divine visions that instructed him to go south.2019-08-0

Gender violence, poverty, migration, identity, xenophobia

Xoliswa had returned earlier from the nearby shebeen drunk, which was not unusual for her. Now, she needed to go to the toilet, which was a communal arrangement for hundreds of people from the neighbouring shacks. She had left her husband Justice and daughter P. asleep. It was several hours later that Justice was called to the toilets – Xoliswa was unconscious and bleeding profusely from head wounds likely inflicted with the gory rocks discarded alongside her. It was clear she had also been raped. The police and an ambulance were called, but in the hours-long wait, Xoliswa died. The ambulance crew refused to venture into the Zandspruit settlement and the policemen who came refused to treat her death as a murder until the pathologists had thus determined. In the meantime, the community had begun their own investigation and several witnesses directed them to a group of three men and a woman who had been drinking with Xoliswa earlier that night. The vigilantes soon found two of the three men who quickly confessed.Published versio

The role of bone sialoprotein in the tendon-bone insertion

Tendons and ligaments insert into bone through a transitional tissue termed the enthesis which is susceptible to injury and difficult to repair. Entheses contain a region of calcified fibrocartilage (CFC), however mineral-associated proteins in this tissue remain poorly characterized. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a phosphoprotein associated with mineralizing tissues. In these studies BSP was identified in the CFC of entheses by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the entheses of Bsp-/- mice indicate abnormalities in the CFC. Compared to controls, the CFC of the quadriceps tendon enthesis is 28% and 41 % longer in 15 week and 14 month old Bsp-/- mice, respectively. MicroCT and Raman spectroscopic analysis of the CFC in Bsp-/- mice demonstrate that mineral content is similar between genotypes. Mechanical studies show that the Bsp-/- patellar tendon is larger in cross-sectional area yet mechanically weaker. These data suggest BSP is involved in the regulation and growth of the CFC

The role of social mediain the formation of ethnic identity duting the political transformation of the “arab spring”

Статья посвящена роли интернета в мобилизации и объединении общественности и социальных медиа как площадке, способствующей формированию этнической идентичности на примере политических трансформаций, случившихся во время революционных волнений в арабском регионе.The article is focused on the role of internet in mobilizing and uniting of the society. Author shows how current social media as a platform promotes the formation of ethnic identity on the example of the political transformations that occurred during the revolutionary unrest in the Arab region

Mechanistic understanding of dendritic cell activation in skin sensitization: additional evidences to support potency classification

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an important occupational and environmental disease caused by topical exposure to chemical allergens. In the EU, it has been calculated that 4 % of animals are used in toxicity test for the assessment of skin sensitization (Peiser et al., 2012). To come a complete replacement of animals, evaluation of relative skin sensitization potency is necessary. The identification of mechanisms influencing allergen potency requires a better understanding of molecular events that trigger cell activation. Therefore, (i) the effects of selected allergens on surface markers expression and cytokines release in contact allergen-induced cell activation were assessed, and (ii) the role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) beta activation in contact allergen-induced cell activation was investigated. The human pro-myelocytic cell line THP-1 was used as experimental model surrogate of dendritic cells. Cells were exposed to select contact allergens of different potency and cell surface marker expression (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR) was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Cytokines production (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-18) was evaluated with specific sandwich ELISA. The effective contribution of PKC beta in chemical allergen-induced cell activation was assessed by Western Blot analysis (PKC beta activation) and using a specific PKC beta inhibitor (PKC beta pseudosubstrate). In addition, to investigate if contact allergens are able to induce indeed dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, THP-1 cells were differentiated to immature DC and then exposed to contact allergen of different potency. Overall, our finding provides insights into the process of sensitization and strength of cell activation associated with allergens of different potency. Results obtained suggest that contact allergens of different potency are able to induce a different degree of activation of dendritic cells maturation involved in the process of ACD

The "linked evidence approach" to assess medical tests: a critical analysis

Objectives: A linked evidence approach (LEA) is the synthesis of systematically acquired evidence on the accuracy of a medical test, its impact on clinical decision making and the effectiveness of consequent treatment options. We aimed to assess the practical utility of this methodology and to develop a decision framework to guide its use. Methods: As Australia has lengthy experience with LEA, we reviewed health technology assessment (HTA) reports informing reimbursement decisions by the Medical Services Advisory Committee (August 2005 to March 2012). Eligibility was determined according to predetermined criteria and data were extracted on test characteristics, evaluation methodologies, and reported difficulties. Fifty percent of the evidence-base was independently analyzed by a second reviewer. Results: Evaluations of medical tests for diagnostic (62 percent), staging (27 percent), and screening (6 percent) purposes were available for eighty-nine different clinical indications. Ninety-six percent of the evaluations used either the full LEA methodology or an abridged version (where evidence is linked through to management changes but not patient outcomes). Sixty-one percent had the full evidence linkage. Twenty-five percent of test evaluations were considered problematic; all involving LEA (n = 22). Problems included: determining test accuracy with an imperfect reference standard (41 percent); assessing likely treatment effectiveness in test positive patients when the new test is more accurate than the comparator (18 percent); and determining probable health benefits in those symptomatic patients ruled out using the test (13 percent). A decision framework was formulated to address these problems. Conclusions: LEA is useful for evaluating medical tests but a stepped approach should be followed to determine what evidence is required for the synthesis.Tracy Merlin, Samuel Lehman, Philip Ryan, Janet E. Hille

Uso de antihipertensivos como factor protector a fractura de cadera no traumática en pacientes del Hospital Belén de Trujillo

Determinar si el uso de antihiper t e nsivos se asocia a reducción del riesgo de la fractura de cadera no traumática en pac i en t es del Hospital Belén de Trujillo, 2017 2022. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudi o retrospectivo, analítico, transversal . Se incluyeron a 160 pacientes adu l t os , según criterios de selección y se dividiero n en 2 grupos: con o si n fr actura de ca dera no traumática; aplicándose la razón de prevalencias y la prueba estadística chi cuadrado. Resultados: The average age and the frequency of osteoporosis were signi f i cantly higher in the group of patients with hip fracture (p<0.05), the consumption of thiazide antihypertensives is a protective factor for non traumatic hip fractu re with PR 0.29, this was significant (p <0.05), the consumption of beta blockers is a pro t e ctive factor for non traumatic hip fracture and a PR of 0.30, being significant (p<0.0 5), the consumption of ARAs is a protective factor for non traumatic hip fract ure with a PR of 0.26 and this was significant (p<0.05), the consumption of ACE inhibitors i s not a protective factor for non traumatic hip fracture with a prevalence ratio of 1. 11, therefore it was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusión: el uso de antihipertensivos se asocia a disminución del riesgo de la fractura de cade r a n o t raumática en pac i e ntes del Hospital Belén de Trujillo, 2017 2022. (Nivel de evidencia III B).To determine if the use of antih y pe r ten sives is associ a t ed with a decrease in the risk of non traumatic hip fracture in patients at the Hospit a l Belén de Trujillo, 2017 2022. Material and methods: A retrospective, analytical, cross sectional study was carried out. 160 adult patients were included, according t o selection criteria and divided into 2 groups: with or without non traumatic hip fractu r e; applying the prevalence ratio and the chi square st atistical test. Results: The average age and the frequency of osteoporosis w er e si gnificantly higher in the group o f patients with hip fracture (p<0.05), the consumption of thiazide antihypertensives i s a protective factor for non traumatic hip fracture with a prevalence ratio of 0.29. which was significant (p<0.05), the consumpt i on of beta blockers is a protective f a c tor for non traumatic hip fracture with a prevalence ratio of 0.30 which was significa n t (p<0.05), the consumption of ARAs is a protective factor for non traumatic fracture traumatic hip fracture with a prevalence ra t io of 0.26 which was significant (p<0 0 5), the consumption of ACE inhibitors is not a protective factor for non traumatic hip fracture with a prevalence ratio of 1.11 which was not significant (p>0.05 ). Conclusion: the use of antihypertensives is associa t ed wit h a decreased risk of non traum a t ic hip fracture in patients at Hospital Belén de Trujillo, 2017 2022. Evidence level I II BTesi

Incidencia de la separación convencional y divorcio ulterior en sede municipal y notarial. En el número de procesos similares tramitados en sede judicial. Trujillo 2014 - 2015

El tema de la presente tesis está referido a la incidencia de la Separación Convencional y Divorcio Ulterior en sede Municipal y Notarial, en el número de procesos similares tramitados en sede Judicial en Trujillo en el periodo 2014 2015, y en ese sentido brindo resultados que al tramitarse dichos procedimientos en sede Notarial y/o Municipal ha disminuido considerablemente la carga procesal en el Poder Judicial de los trámites mencionados. Asimismo, se ha creído conveniente presentar un análisis de la manera como ha venido evolucionando en el Perú el tratamiento legal a los procedimientos de separación convencional y divorcio ulterior. Es por ello que el problema de la presente investigación se ha planteado de la siguiente forma: ¿De qué manera la separación convencional y divorcio ulterior en sede municipal y notarial incide en el número de procesos similares en sede judicial 2014- 2015? Asimismo como respuesta a dicho problema se ha planteado la siguiente hipótesis: La separación convencional y el divorcio ulterior en sede municipal y notarial incidió disminuyendo significativamente el número de los procesos similares tramitados en sede judicial Trujillo. 2014-2015. También se ha planteado como objetivo general: Determinar si la separación convencional y divorcio ulterior en sede municipal y notarial incide en la disminución del número de procesos similares tramitados en sede judicial. Trujillo 2014- 2015. En cuanto al desarrollo del presente trabajo, se lo ha estructurado en siete capítulos, siendo el primero Introducción, donde describimos el planteamiento del problema, enunciado del problema, hipótesis, objetivos y variables; el segundo es el Marco Teórico, que a su vez se subdivide en tres subcapítulos, siendo el primero la familia, el segundo trata acerca del Divorcio y el tercero que analiza el Proceso de Divorcio Ulterior en el Perú; el capítulo tercero corresponde a la Metodología; por su parte el capítulo cuarto corresponde a Resultados; asimismo el capítulo quinto contiene la Discusión de resultados; el capítulo sexto contiene las Conclusiones a las que hemos llegado con la realización de este estudio; y finalmente, el capítulo sétimo recoge las Recomendaciones que creo convenientes para un mejor trámite del proceso de separación convencional y divorcio ulterior en sede notarial y/o municipal.The subject of this thesis is based on the incidence of Conventional separation and subsequent divorce in Municipal and Notarial based on the number of similar proceedings conducted in court in Trujillo in the period 2014 -2015, and in that sense I offer results the processed such procedures in Notarial headquarters and / or Municipal has significantly decreased the procedural burden on the Judiciary of the aforementioned procedures. It has also seen fit to present an analysis of the way it has been evolving in Peru the legal treatment procedures conventional separation and subsequent divorce. That is why the problem of this research has been raised as follows: How conventional separation and subsequent divorce in the municipal and notarial office affects the number of similar processes in court 2014- 2015? Also in response to this problem it has raised the following hypothesis: Conventional separation and subsequent divorce attorney based in the city and had a significant impact by decreasing the number of similar proceedings conducted in court Trujillo. 2014-2015. It has also been proposed as general objective: To determine whether conventional separation and subsequent divorce attorney in town and headquarters affects the decrease in the number of similar proceedings conducted in court. Trujillo 2014- 2015. Regarding the development of this work, it has been structured into seven chapters, the first introduction, where we describe the problem statement, statement of the problem, hypothesis, objectives and variables; the second is the theoretical framework, which in turn is subdivided into three subchapters, the first family, the second is about the divorce and the third analyzes the process subsequent divorce in Peru; the third chapter corresponds to the Methodology; meanwhile the fourth chapter corresponds to results; The fifth chapter also contains the discussion of results; the sixth chapter contains the conclusions we have reached with the completion of this study; and finally, the seventh chapter contains the recommendations that I think suitable for better processing of the conventional separation and subsequent divorce attorney based and / or municipal.Tesi

Bálint György „ismeretlen" novellája a Story-ban

Die Verfasserin beweißt, daß der erste Erscheinungsort der Novelle nicht der 1933 in New York herausgegebene Band Story-Anthologie ist, wie man das bisher wahrnahm, sondern die erste Nummer der 1931 erschienenen amerikanischen „little Magazine", Story. Die Novelle wurde bisher noch nicht ins Ungarische übersetzt und herausgegeben. Die Autorin sucht weiterhin die Antwort darauf, auf welcher Weise und mit Hilfe welcher Beziehungen György Bálint dieses Werk dahin sandte, dann gibt sie die Handlung der Novelle kurz bekannt und analysiert sie auch