Fermo, P.

Lonati, G.

Marinovich, M.

Vecchi, R.

G. Lonati

P. Fermo

M. Marinovich

R. Vecchi

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Politecnico di Milano

21st ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated NanoparticlesETH Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland 19th – 22nd June, 2017Background and scopeToxicity of biomass combustion generated ultrafine particles: evidence from stack-sampled and airborne UFPsGiovanni LONATI1, Paola FERMO2, Marina MARINOVICH3, Roberta VECCHI41Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Politecnico di Milano2Dept. of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano3Dept. of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano4Dept. of Physics, Università degli Studi di MilanoConclusions• UFPs from wood logs combustion displayed stronger genotoxic and inflammatory effect than UFPs from pellet combustion• Beech wood logs induced higher IL-8 release in THP-1 cells• Airborne UFPs were able to stimulate an inflammatory response: summer UFPs more active in inducing IL-8 release in both cells lines, but the release was overall similar to the one observed with DEP• Genotoxic effects induced by winter UFPs were higher than those induced by UFPs sampled in summer• Genotoxic effects driven by PAHs both in stack and airborne UFP samplesTOBICUP (TOxicity of BIomass COmbustion generated Ultrafine Particles) project designed to assess the toxicological responses of UFP samples from: - stack emissions of residential wood combustion units - airborne UFP samples collected where biomass burning for residential heating is widely used. UFP sampling• UFP stack samples generated by wood (beech and fir) combustion in a 11 kW pellet stove (automatically stoked) and in a 8 kW wood log stove (manuallystoked) collected during combustion tests intended to simulate real-world combustion cycles• Airborne UFP samples collected during monitoring campaigns carried out at a small alpine town (Morbegno) in Northern Italy, where wood burning is largelydiffused for domestic heating in winter. Integrated UFP samples were collected both in wintertime (over three/four days) and summertime (seven days).• Parallel multistage impactors equipped with different collection substrates, depending on the subsequent analysis to be performed.Chemical and biological analyses• Determination of elemental composition (ICP-AES), inorganic ions (IC), anhydrosugars (HPAEC-PAD), total organic carbon (TOT), PAHs (GC-MS)• Investigation of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction in two human cells lines (THP-1 and A549), used as surrogates of alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells • UFP-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity investigated in A549 cells by alkaline comet assay and γ-H2AX• NIES certified diesel exhaust particles (DEP) used as reference for biological effectsResults – airborne UFP samplesThe TOBICUP project was supported by CARIPLO foundation (Grant 2013-1040). Further reference available in: Corsini et al., 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.125); Corsini et al., 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.005); Marabini et al., 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.001 ); Ozgen et al. 2017 (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.048)Cyto- and genotoxic effects (A549)0%20%40%60%80%100%Winter campaign Summer campaignBaPBbFChrBaAPyrFluAntPhePAHs concentrationsUFP ambient concentrationsWinter SummerAverage:2.2 µg/m3              2.0 µg/m3Range:1.6-3.2 µg/m3       1.0-3.1 µg/m3Inflammatory effects (THP-1, A549)Results – UFP stack samplesCyto- and genotoxic effects (A549)0%20%40%60%80%100%Fir Pellet Beech pellet Fir wood Beech woodBaPBbFChrBaAPyrFluAntPheUFP emission factors Flue gas concentrations(@NTP,13% O2)Pellet12-56 mg/m35-16 ·107 #/cm3MGD 35-71 nmWood logs32 - 107 mg/m323-60 ·107 #/cm3MGD 51-107 nm01530456075UFP number EF (particles/GJ)01530456075ConiferBeech020406080UFP mass EF (g/GJ)020406080ConiferBeechPellet            Wood logsPAHs concentrations and fingerprintsFir Beech Fir Beech0.01 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.03 3.24 ± 0.63Pellet Wood logs% by weight concentrationInflammatory effects (THP-1, A549)Mass dose based relative toxicological responsesFuel & Stove genotoxicityɣH2AX         comet testoxidative stress ROS           RNScytotoxicityMTTFir pellet 1.6 1.1 * 1 1.1 1Beech pellet 1.3 ** 1 *** 1.6 1 2.3 **Fir Wood 1.7 ** 2 *** 1.2 1.1 * 2.6 *Beech Wood 1 ** 1.1 ** 1.4 * 1.2 * 2.1 *Energy-weighted relative toxicological responsesFuel & Stove genotoxicityɣH2AX         comet testoxidative stress ROS           RNScytotoxicityMTTFir pellet 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1Beech pellet 1 1 1 1 2Fir wood 1.8 2.9 1.1 1.5 3.2Beech wood 2 3.1 2.5 3.2 4.8*    p<0.05**  p<0.01*** p<0.001  vs. controlCells treated for 24h with 100 µg/mlmediumControl Fir Beech DEPIL-8 (pg/ml)PelletWood logsIL-8 (pg/ml)Control Fir Beech DEPIL-8 (pg/ml)Wood logsPelletIL-8 (pg/ml)Control Airborne UFP            DEPIL-8 (pg/ml)WinterSummerIL-8 (pg/ml)Control Airborne UFP          DEPIL-8 (pg/ml)WinterSummerIL-8 (pg/ml)Winter Summer2.3 ng/m3                0.3 ng/m3*    p<0.05**  p<0.01vs. control§ p<0.05§§ p<0.01vs. UFP or DEP treated cellsDNA damage by alkaline Comet assay ROS and RNS production (24h treatment)FU/µgproteinsFU/ µgproteinsFU/µgproteinsFU/µgproteinsPAHs fingerprintss

Toxicity of Biomass Combustion Generated Ultrafine Particles: Evidence from Stack-sampled and Airborne UFPs

https://re.public.polimi.it/retrieve/handle/11311/1038775/244561/Lonati%20poster%20ETH%202017%20Final.pdf

Toxicity of Biomass Combustion Generated Ultrafine Particles: Evidence from Stack-sampled and Airborne UFPs

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Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Politecnico di Milano