An?lise de iniciativas empreendedoras de haitianos residentes em Chapec?/SC

There are several movements of man perceived throughout his history, as well as the motivations that lead him to move. The economic, social and political conditions of a country, or even religious and political disputes that degrade the conditions of a citizen lead a dignified life, are examples of these motivations. The last decade was marked by important migratory flows destined for Brazil, including immigrants from countries such as Senegal, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Bolivia, but mainly Haiti. These immigrants came to form the society in which they entered, bringing with them historical and cultural baggage and impacted on the economic, labor and social context of their destinations. Considering the context that presents itself, this research aims to analyze the profile of Haitian immigrants entrepreneurs residing in Chapec? and the characteristics of their businesses. For that, a qualitative research was carried out, divided in two stages, being the first one of a bibliographic research phase, and the second one of field research, being used in this, script of semi-structured interview as instrument of data collection. The interviews were made with 5 candidates selected for accessibility, framed as entrepreneurial immigrants of Haitian origin living in the city of Chapec?. Data analysis was based on content analysis and showed different motivations among the entrepreneurs interviewed to come to Brazil. These were basically: a) the opportunity to study outside the country of origin, and, mainly, b) the earthquake of 2010 that hit and devastated Haiti, making living conditions in the country very difficult. In addition, it was possible to identify a profile of Haitian entrepreneurs inserted in Chapec?, who are men, aged between 25 and 32 years, mostly with higher education degree in progress and who constituted family in Chapec?. The motivations to open the business were mainly out of necessity. Entrepreneurship is divided into two groups: the commercialization of products and the provision of services aimed essentially at Haitians, and another consisting of business ideas that are intended to reach Chapeco society more widely. The ventures are either formalized or at different stages of the legal process of formalization. It was evident that the Haitian entrepreneurs interviewed came in search of better living conditions, but that they can also contribute to the commercial sphere of Chapec?. Considering the desire to prosper and expand their business, evidenced during the research, this public needs to be better attended by the competent bodies, so that they can contribute even more to the economic and commercial scenario of the city and to continue with the development of your business.V?rias s?o movimenta??es do homem percebidas ao longo da sua hist?ria, bem como s?o distintas as motiva??es que o leva a se deslocar. As condi??es econ?micas, sociais e pol?ticas de um pa?s, ou ainda disputas religiosas e pol?ticas que degradam as condi??es de um cidad?o levar uma vida digna, s?o exemplos dessas motiva??es. A ?ltima d?cada foi marcada por importantes fluxos migrat?rios que tiveram como destino o Brasil, englobando imigrantes de pa?ses como Senegal, Rep?blica Dominicana, Equador, Bol?via, mas, principalmente, do Haiti. Esses imigrantes passaram a compor a sociedade em que se inseriram, trazendo consigo bagagem hist?rica e cultural e impactaram no contexto econ?mico, laboral e social dos seus destinos. Considerando o contexto que se apresenta, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos imigrantes haitianos empreendedores residentes em Chapec? e as caracter?sticas de seus neg?cios. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, dividida em duas etapas, constituindo-se a primeira de uma fase de pesquisa bibliogr?fica, e a segunda de pesquisa de campo, sendo utilizado nesta, roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. As entrevistas foram feitas com 5 candidatos selecionados por acessibilidade, enquadrados como imigrantes empreendedores de origem haitiana residentes na cidade de Chapec?. A an?lise de dados se deu por meio de an?lise de conte?do e demonstrou motiva??es distintas entre os empreendedores entrevistados para vir ao Brasil, sendo estas basicamente: a) a oportunidade de estudar fora do pa?s de origem, e, principalmente, b) o terremoto de 2010 que atingiu e devastou o Haiti, tornando as condi??es de vida no pa?s muito dif?ceis. Al?m disso, foi poss?vel identificar um perfil de empreendedores haitianos inseridos em Chapec?, que se caracterizam por serem homens, com idade entre 25 e 32 anos, em sua maioria com grau de instru??o superior em andamento e que constitu?ram fam?lia em Chapec?. As motiva??es para abrir o neg?cio foram, principalmente, por necessidade. Os empreendimentos se dividem, quanto as suas caracter?sticas, em dois grupos: um de comercializa??o de produtos e presta??o de servi?os voltados essencialmente para os haitianos, e outro constitu?do por ideias de neg?cios que pretendem atingir com uma amplitude maior a sociedade chapecoense. Os empreendimentos est?o encontram-se devidamente formalizados ou em fases diferentes do processo legal de formaliza??o. Ficou evidente que os empreendedores haitianos entrevistados vieram em busca de melhores condi??es de vida, mas que tamb?m podem contribuir com a esfera comercial de Chapec?. Considerando os anseios de prosperar e ampliar seus neg?cios, evidenciados durante a pesquisa, esse p?blico necessita estar mais bem assistido pelos ?rg?os competentes, para que assim possam contribuir ainda mais com o cen?rio econ?mico-comercial da cidade e tamb?m, prosseguir o com o desenvolvimento de seus neg?cios

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.Rest of authors: Decky Junaedi, Robert R. Junker, Eric Justes, Richard Kabzems, Jeffrey Kane, Zdenek Kaplan, Teja Kattenborn, Lyudmila Kavelenova, Elizabeth Kearsley, Anne Kempel, Tanaka Kenzo, Andrew Kerkhoff, Mohammed I. Khalil, Nicole L. Kinlock, Wilm Daniel Kissling, Kaoru Kitajima, Thomas Kitzberger, Rasmus Kjøller, Tamir Klein, Michael Kleyer, Jitka Klimešová, Joice Klipel, Brian Kloeppel, Stefan Klotz, Johannes M. H. Knops, Takashi Kohyama, Fumito Koike, Johannes Kollmann, Benjamin Komac, Kimberly Komatsu, Christian König, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Dushan Kumarathunge, Jonas Kuppler, Hiroko Kurokawa, Yoko Kurosawa, Shem Kuyah, Jean-Paul Laclau, Benoit Lafleur, Erik Lallai, Eric Lamb, Andrea Lamprecht, Daniel J. Larkin, Daniel Laughlin, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Guerric le Maire, Peter C. le Roux, Elizabeth le Roux, Tali Lee, Frederic Lens, Simon L. Lewis, Barbara Lhotsky, Yuanzhi Li, Xine Li, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Mario Liebergesell, Jun Ying Lim, Yan-Shih Lin, Juan Carlos Linares, Chunjiang Liu, Daijun Liu, Udayangani Liu, Stuart Livingstone, Joan Llusià, Madelon Lohbeck, Álvaro López-García, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Zdeňka Lososová, Frédérique Louault, Balázs A. Lukács, Petr Lukeš, Yunjian Luo, Michele Lussu, Siyan Ma, Camilla Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Michelle Mack, Vincent Maire, Annikki Mäkelä, Harri Mäkinen, Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado, Azim Mallik, Peter Manning, Stefano Manzoni, Zuleica Marchetti, Luca Marchino, Vinicius Marcilio-Silva, Eric Marcon, Michela Marignani, Lars Markesteijn, Adam Martin, Cristina Martínez-Garza, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Tereza Mašková, Kelly Mason, Norman Mason, Tara Joy Massad, Jacynthe Masse, Itay Mayrose, James McCarthy, M. Luke McCormack, Katherine McCulloh, Ian R. McFadden, Brian J. McGill, Mara Y. McPartland, Juliana S. Medeiros, Belinda Medlyn, Pierre Meerts, Zia Mehrabi, Patrick Meir, Felipe P. L. Melo, Maurizio Mencuccini, Céline Meredieu, Julie Messier, Ilona Mészáros, Juha Metsaranta, Sean T. Michaletz, Chrysanthi Michelaki, Svetlana Migalina, Ruben Milla, Jesse E. D. Miller, Vanessa Minden, Ray Ming, Karel Mokany, Angela T. Moles, Attila Molnár V, Jane Molofsky, Martin Molz, Rebecca A. Montgomery, Arnaud Monty, Lenka Moravcová, Alvaro Moreno-Martínez, Marco Moretti, Akira S. Mori, Shigeta Mori, Dave Morris, Jane Morrison, Ladislav Mucina, Sandra Mueller, Christopher D. Muir, Sandra Cristina Müller, François Munoz, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Randall W. Myster, Masahiro Nagano, Shawna Naidu, Ayyappan Narayanan, Balachandran Natesan, Luka Negoita, Andrew S. Nelson, Eike Lena Neuschulz, Jian Ni, Georg Niedrist, Jhon Nieto, Ülo Niinemets, Rachael Nolan, Henning Nottebrock, Yann Nouvellon, Alexander Novakovskiy, The Nutrient Network, Kristin Odden Nystuen, Anthony O'Grady, Kevin O'Hara, Andrew O'Reilly-Nugent, Simon Oakley, Walter Oberhuber, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Ricardo Oliveira, Kinga Öllerer, Mark E. Olson, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Jenny C. Ordonez, Noriyuki Osada, Ivika Ostonen, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Sarah Otto, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Anna T. Pahl, C. E. Timothy Paine, Robin J. Pakeman, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou, Evgeniya Parfionova, Meelis Pärtel, Marco Patacca, Susana Paula, Juraj Paule, Harald Pauli, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Antonio Perea, Pablo Luis Peri, Ana Carolina Petisco-Souza, Alessandro Petraglia, Any Mary Petritan, Oliver L. Phillips, Simon Pierce, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Alexandr Pomogaybin, Hendrik Poorter, Angelika Portsmuth, Peter Poschlod, Catherine Potvin, Devon Pounds, A. Shafer Powell, Sally A. Power, Andreas Prinzing, Giacomo Puglielli, Petr Pyšek, Valerie Raevel, Anja Rammig, Johannes Ransijn, Courtenay A. Ray, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Douglas E. B. Reid, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Victor Resco de Dios, Sabina Ribeiro, Sarah Richardson, Kersti Riibak, Matthias C. Rillig, Fiamma Riviera, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Scott Roberts, Bjorn Robroek, Adam Roddy, Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues, Alistair Rogers, Emily Rollinson, Victor Rolo, Christine Römermann, Dina Ronzhina, Christiane Roscher, Julieta A. Rosell, Milena Fermina Rosenfield, Christian Rossi, David B. Roy, Samuel Royer-Tardif, Nadja Rüger, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Sabine B. Rumpf, Graciela M. Rusch, Masahiro Ryo, Lawren Sack, Angela Saldaña, Beatriz Salgado-Negret, Roberto Salguero-Gomez, Ignacio Santa-Regina, Ana Carolina Santacruz-García, Joaquim Santos, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Matthias Schleuning, Bernhard Schmid, Marco Schmidt, Sylvain Schmitt, Julio V. Schneider, Simon D. Schowanek, Julian Schrader, Franziska Schrodt, Bernhard Schuldt, Frank Schurr, Galia Selaya Garvizu, Marina Semchenko, Colleen Seymour, Julia C. Sfair, Joanne M. Sharpe, Christine S. Sheppard, Serge Sheremetiev, Satomi Shiodera, Bill Shipley, Tanvir Ahmed Shovon, Alrun Siebenkäs, Carlos Sierra, Vasco Silva, Mateus Silva, Tommaso Sitzia, Henrik Sjöman, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Darwin Sodhi, Pamela Soltis, Douglas Soltis, Ben Somers, Grégory Sonnier, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Enio Egon Sosinski Jr, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Alexandre F. Souza, Marko Spasojevic, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Amanda B. Stan, James Stegen, Klaus Steinbauer, Jörg G. Stephan, Frank Sterck, Dejan B. Stojanovic, Tanya Strydom, Maria Laura Suarez, Jens-Christian Svenning, Ivana Svitková, Marek Svitok, Miroslav Svoboda, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Marcelo Tabarelli, Kentaro Takagi, Ulrike Tappeiner, Rubén Tarifa, Simon Tauugourdeau, Cagatay Tavsanoglu, Mariska te Beest, Leho Tedersoo, Nelson Thiffault, Dominik Thom, Evert Thomas, Ken Thompson, Peter E. Thornton, Wilfried Thuiller, Lubomír Tichý, David Tissue, Mark G. Tjoelker, David Yue Phin Tng, Joseph Tobias, Péter Török, Tonantzin Tarin, José M. Torres-Ruiz, Béla Tóthmérész, Martina Treurnicht, Valeria Trivellone, Franck Trolliet, Volodymyr Trotsiuk, James L. Tsakalos, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Niklas Tysklind, Toru Umehara, Vladimir Usoltsev, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Jamil Vaezi, Fernando Valladares, Jana Vamosi, Peter M. van Bodegom, Michiel van Breugel, Elisa Van Cleemput, Martine van de Weg, Stephni van der Merwe, Fons van der Plas, Masha T. van der Sande, Mark van Kleunen, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Mark Vanderwel, Kim André Vanselow, Angelica Vårhammar, Laura Varone, Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama, Kiril Vassilev, Mark Vellend, Erik J. Veneklaas, Hans Verbeeck, Kris Verheyen, Alexander Vibrans, Ima Vieira, Jaime Villacís, Cyrille Violle, Pandi Vivek, Katrin Wagner, Matthew Waldram, Anthony Waldron, Anthony P. Walker, Martyn Waller, Gabriel Walther, Han Wang, Feng Wang, Weiqi Wang, Harry Watkins, James Watkins, Ulrich Weber, James T. Weedon, Liping Wei, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Aidan W. Wells, Camilla Wellstein, Elizabeth Wenk, Mark Westoby, Alana Westwood, Philip John White, Mark Whitten, Mathew Williams, Daniel E. Winkler, Klaus Winter, Chevonne Womack, Ian J. Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Justin Wright, Bruno X. Pinho, Fabiano Ximenes, Toshihiro Yamada, Keiko Yamaji, Ruth Yanai, Nikolay Yankov, Benjamin Yguel, Kátia Janaina Zanini, Amy E. Zanne, David Zelený, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jingming Zheng, Ji Zheng, Kasia Ziemińska, Chad R. Zirbel, Georg Zizka, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Gerhard Zotz, Christian Wirth.Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Max Planck Society; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS); International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP); Future Earth; French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB); GIS ‘Climat, Environnement et Société'.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/gcbhj2021Plant Production and Soil Scienc

Flow-injection Determination Of Low Levels Of Ammonium Ions In Natural Waters Employing Preconcentration With A Cation-exchange Resin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ammonium ions in natural waters at the 50 gmg 1-1 level were determined using Nessler reagent after preconcentration in a cation-exchange column coupled to a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system. The loading cycle, the elution cycle and the regeneration cycle were programmed for the resin used. The zone sampling approach using a computer-controlled commutator was employed in the FIA sytem design. Flow rates, resin loading, elution time, loop dimensions and resampling times for the zone sampling, column and coils dimensions, sensitivity and reproducibility were studied. The detection limit was improved tenfold over an earlier method that did not use a concentration step. A throughput of 45 sample analyses per hour was achieved for samples with concentration ranging from 50 to 500 μg 1 -1. The result show agreement to better than 99% with those obtained by the manual procedure. © 1992.2611-2339343Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq),Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes),et al.,Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Sao Paulo (FAPESP),Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ),Sociedade Brasileira de FisicaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ruzicka, Hansen, Flow injection analyses (1975) Analytica Chimica Acta, 78Bergamin Fo., Zagatto, Krug, Reis, (1978) Anal. Chim. Acta, 101, p. 17Reis, Jacintho, Mortatti, Krug, Zagatto, Bergamin Fo., Pessenda, (1981) Anal. Chim. Acta, 123, p. 221Pasquine, Oliveira, Monosegmented system for continuous flow analysis. Spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI), ammonia and phosphorus (1985) Analytical Chemistry, 57, p. 2575(1979) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, , 14th edn., American Publich Health Association, Washington, D.CKrug, Ruzicka, Hansen, (1979) Analyst, 104, p. 47Fang, Ruzicka, Hansen, (1984) Anal. Chim. Acta, 164, p. 23Hartenstein, Ruzicka, Christian, (1985) Anal. Chem., 57, p. 21Marhol, (1982) Ion Exchange Resins in Analytical Chemistry, , Elsevier, Amsterdam, Their Properties and Use in Inorganic ChemistryReis, Zagatto, Jacintho, Krug, Bergamin Fo., Merging zones in flow injection analysis (1980) Analytica Chimica Acta, 119, p. 305Reis, Gin, Kronka, (1989) Quim. Nova, 12, p. 8

Hybrid office work in women and men : do directly measured physical behaviors differ between days working from home and days working at the office?

OBJECTIVE: We investigated and compared temporal sitting patterns among male and female hybrid office workers when working at the office (WAO), working from home (WFH), and for non-working days (NWD). METHODS: We analyzed data collected in 2020 among 165 hybrid office workers, carrying thigh-worn accelerometers for 938 days in total. Day type (WAO, WFH, or NWD) and time in bed were identified using diaries. Time awake was exhaustively classified as non-sitting time and time sitting in short, moderate, and long bouts. Effects of day type and gender on the 24-h compositions of physical behaviors were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. RESULTS: During workdays (both WAO and WFH), workers spent less time in bed and more time sitting, particularly in moderate and long bouts, than during NWD. Time in bed was longer when working from home than when working at the office, and more of the awake time was spent sitting. Differences between WAO and WFH in ratios between short, moderate, and long bouts of sitting were small and inconsistent. Men spent more time sitting than women, and more time in moderate and long sitting bouts relative to short bouts. CONCLUSIONS: When working from home, hybrid office workers sat more during their hours awake compared to when working at the office. Sitting time was larger during working days than during non-working days and was higher in men than in women. These results may contribute to support organizational policies for hybrid work