Genealogia da ética: o sujeito em questão

Freud ocupou uma função dobradiça nas pesquisas que Michel Foucault realizou em torno da arqueologia do saber, da genealogia do poder e na genealogia da ética. As diferentes posições do filósofo francês sobre Freud e a psicanálise permitem articular o projeto de escrita de uma genealogia da ética com o movimento de retorno a Freud empreendido pelo psicanalista Jacques Lacan. Pretendo sustentar que a visada de Foucault sobre Freud é recorrente pela função autor que reconheceu atuar na tática genealógica. A obra de Freud, interpretada por Lacan, foi decisiva para Foucault investigar os modos de sujeição e assim estabelecer a distinção entre o que pertence ao campo da moral e aquilo que é próprio ao campo da ética. A problematização do sujeito do desejo permitiu um deslocamento da analítica do poder para a constituição do cuidado de si como um princípio ético para instaurar uma estética de si.Freud played a hinge-like function in the research conducted by Michel Foucault on the archaeology of knowledge, the genealogy of power and the genealogy of ethics. The different positions of the French philosopher on Freud and psychoanalysis allow one to articulate a project of writing of a genealogy of ethics with the movement of return to Freud carried out by the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. I intend to maintain that the view of Foucault on Freud is recurrent by the author function that acknowledged acting in a genealogical tactic. The work of Freud, interpreted by Lacan, was decisive for Foucault to investigate the ways of subjection and thus establish the distinction between what belongs to the moral domain and that which is proper for the ethics domain. The problematization of the subject of desire allowed a shift of the analytics of power for the constitution of the care of the self as an ethical principle to establish an aesthetic of the self

Jacques Lacan, o passador de Georges Politzer, surrealismo e psicanalise

Orientador: Regina Maria de SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar a presença do ensaio de Politzer, Crítica dos undamentos da Psicologia, publicado em 1928, na tese de doutorado em psiquiatria de Lacan, Da psicose paranóica em suas relações com a personalidade, publicada em 1932. Tal presença brilha por sua ausência: o nome de Politzer não é citado nenhuma vez e, a despeito disso, a letra politzeriana está contida na construção do caso clínico Aimée: o drama da mulher que chegou em Paris em 1929 com o propósito de publicar seus romances. Para estabelecer a relação entre Lacan e Politzer utilizo como ferramenta de análise os argumentos de Michel Foucault sobre a função autor. Em sua leitura de Freud, Politzer criou as condições para que Lacan pudesse interpretar o drama de Aimée como estruturante de sua personalidade. Desse modo, a leitura que Lacan fez de Politzer foi decisiva para sua entrada no campo da psicanálise. Para demonstrar que a função autor se exerce na instauração da discursividade, demarco um cenário histórico específico: o surrealismo na França entre 1925 e 1935, realizando, assim, uma análise genealógica das produções históricas das diferenças. A perspectiva da leitura dos textos aqui recortados é demonstrar que o movimento surrealista abriu as fronteiras para que a recepção da obra de Freud pudesse adquirir consistência teórica e prática num espaço cultural que até essa década permaneceu refratário à psicanálise. Concluo indicando que Lacan foi o passador de Politzer por ter instaurado uma prática clínica por descontinuidade com a concepção ontológica de inconscienteAbstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the presence of Politizer¿s essay, Critics of Psychology Foundations, published in 1928 and in Lacan¿s doctorate thesis in Psychiatry, Paranoic Psychosis and its relations to Personality, published in 1932. Such presence shines for its absence: the name of Politzer is not cited even once, in spite of that, Politzer¿s influence is built in the clinical case Aimée: the drama of the woman who arrived in Paris in 1929 with the intention to publish her romances. To establish the relation between Lacan and Politzer, the arguments of Michel Foucault about the function author , were used as a tool for the analysis. In his reading of Freud, Politzer created the conditions to Lacan to interpret the drama of Aimée as na element structutal of her personality. The reading that Lacan made of Politzer was decisive for his entrance in the field of the Psychoanalysis. To demonstrate the function author in the discourse installation, a specific historical scenery was delimeted: the French surrealism between the years of 1925 and 1935; thus a genealogical analysis of the historical production of the differences is carried out. The perspective of the texts selected here proves that the surrealist movement opened doors so that Freud¿s works could have theoretic and practical consistency in a culture which was refractory to Psychoanalysis so far. The analysis leads to the indication that Lacan was a follower of Politzer to install a clinical practice of discontinuity to the ontological conception of unconsciousnessDoutoradoEducação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e ArteDoutor em Educaçã

A sexualidade na etiologia das neuroses e a invenção da psicanálise

Em 1917, Freud definiu a sexualidade como tudo o que se relaciona com a distinção entre os dois sexos. Dessa premissa, extraiu uma conclusão: aquilo que é sexual é da ordem do impróprio. Minha estratégia nesse artigo é retornar à hipótese da sexualidade infantil para demarcar a invenção da psicanálise como arte da escuta desse algo impróprio que deve ser mantido secreto. Proponho uma leitura do artigo "A hereditariedade e a etiologia das neuroses", escrito em francês e publicado por Freud em 1896, para demarcar a criação da psicanálise pela ruptura que estabeleceu com o discurso neurológico sobre os sintomas das psiconeuroses. Na seqüência, destaco alguns argumentos que se encontram no artigo "A sexualidade na etiologia das neuroses", publicado em 1898, por considerá-lo o ponto de passagem para a publicação da obra fundadora da psicanálise: A Interpretação dos Sonhos. O primeiro artigo demonstra um ponto de ruptura; o segundo um ponto de passagem para que Freud pudesse instaurar as bases conceituais da teoria e da prática psicanalítica.In 1917, Freud defined sexuality as everything related to the distinction between the two sexes, getting to the conclusion that everything which is sexual is improper. My strategy in writing this article is to return to the hypothesis of child sexuality, marking it as a date to the invention of psychoanalysis as the art of listening to this improper something which should be kept in secret. I proposed the, "The heredity and the etiology of the neuroses", written in French and published by Freud in 1896, as a date to the creation of psychoanalysis for the rupture it settled by the use of neurological discourse about the symptoms of the psychoneurosis.By addition, I highlight some arguments found in the "The sexuality in the etiology of neuroses", published in 1898, for I consider it as the point of passage to the publication of the witting which founded psychoanalysis: The interpretation of dreams. The first writing demonstrates a point of change, while the second, a point of passage so that Freud could set the conceptual basis of the theory and practice of psychoanalysis

A emergência do autor Pierre Rivière

Nesse artigo apresento uma análise do caso de parricídio/ fraticídio cometido por um jovem camponês francês, nascido na comuna de Courvaudon, Pierre Rivière que em 3 de junho de 1835, aos vinte anos, assassinou a golpes de foice sua mãe grávida de sete meses, sua irmã de 18 anos, e seu irmão de sete anos. O livro intitulado Eu, Pierre Rivière, que degolei minha mãe, minha irmã e meu irmão produzido pelo trabalho de uma equipe de pesquisadores, no Collège de France, sob a coordenação de Michel Foucault em 1973, apresenta em seu conjunto notícias de jornais, testemunhos, interrogatórios, laudos médicos e uma gama de diferentes discursos. Para empreender a análise do nó entre a escrita e o assassinato, utilizo a relação entre a escrita e o autor demarcando o personagem Rivière no desdobramento, na ordem do corpo e da linguagem.This paper has as aim to present an analysis of the case of patricide/ fratricide cometed by a French Countryman, Pierre Rivière, who was born in the commune of Courvaudon, who, on July 3rd, 1835, at age of 20, killed his mother, his brother and sister with a sickle. His mother was in the seventh month of pregnancy, his sister was 18 and his brother was 7 years old. The book, whose name was "I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister, and My Brother ...: A Case of Parricide in the Nineteenth Century" was produced by a group of researchers at the Collège de France, under the coordination of Michel Foucault in 1973, has a set of newspaper news, witnesses, inquiring, forensic medical reports and a variety of different texts. To understand and analyze the writings and the homicide, the relationship between writing and the author is used, marking the character Rivière unfolding body and language

Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered <it>incertae sedis </it>in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A monophyletic assemblage strongly supported in all our phylogenetic analysis is herein defined as the Characidae and includes the characiform species lacking a supraorbital bone and with a derived position of the emergence of the hyoid artery from the anterior ceratohyal. To recognize this and several other monophyletic groups within characiforms we propose changes in the limits of several families to facilitate future studies in the Characiformes and particularly the Characidae. This work presents a new phylogenetic framework for a speciose and morphologically diverse group of freshwater fishes of significant ecological and evolutionary importance across the Neotropics and portions of Africa.</p

Expression of osteoblastic phenotype in periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional collagen gel

Objective : To investigate the influence of a three-dimensional cell culture model on the expression of osteoblastic phenotype in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cultures. Material and Methods : hPDLF were seeded on bi-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I (experimental groups) and and on a plastic coverslip (control) for up to 14 days. Cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were performed. Also, cell morphology and immunolabeling for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) were assessed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The expression of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin (OC), collagen I (COL I) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mineralized bone-like nodule formation was visualized by microscopy and calcium content was assessed quantitatively by alizarin red assay. Results : Experimental cultures produced an increase in cell proliferation. Immunolabeling for OPN and ALP in hPDLF were increased and ALP activity was inhibited by three-dimensional conditions. OPN and RUNX2 gene expression was significantly higher on 3D culture when compared with control surface. Moreover, ALP and COL I gene expression were significantly higher in three-dimensional collagen than in 2D cultures at 7 days. However, at 14 days, 3D cultures exhibited ALP and COL I gene expression significantly lower than the control, and the COL I gene expression was also significantly lower in 3D than in 2D cultures. Significant calcium mineralization was detected and quantified by alizarin red assay, and calcified nodule formation was not affected by tridimensionality. Conclusion : This study suggests that the 3D cultures are able to support hPDLF proliferation and favor the differentiation and mineralized matrix formation, which may be a potential periodontal regenerative therapy

Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland

The analysis of the distribution patterns presented by examples of freshwater fishes restricted to headwater habitat: the anostomid Leporinus octomaculatus, the characins Jubiaba acanthogaster, Oligosarcus perdido, Moenkhausia cosmops, Knodus chapadae, Planaltina sp., the loricariid Hypostomus cochliodon, and the auchenipterid Centromochlus sp. provided evidences of a relatively recent shared history between the highlands of the upper rio Paraguay and adjoining upland drainage basins. Restricted to headwater of the uplands in the upper rio Paraguay and adjoining basins, these species provide biological evidence of the former extension of the central Brazilian plateau before the origin of the Pantanal Wetland. Disjunction took place due to an ecological barrier to these rheophilic taxa represented tectonic subsidence related to the origin of the Pantanal Wetland. Molecular analysis of Jubiaba acanthogaster revealed that the sample from the upper rio Xingu basin are the sister-group of a clade that includes samples from the upper rio Arinos (upper rio Tapaj&#243;s) plus the upper rio Paraguay basin, supporting the assumption that the origin of the upper rio Paraguay basin causing vicariance between this basin and the upper rio Tapaj&#243;s is the least vicariant event in the evolutionary history of the group.A análise do padrão de distribuição apresentado por exemplos de peixes de água doce neotropicais restritos à habitats reofílicos de cabeceira: o anostomídeo Leporinus octomaculatus, os caracídeos Jubiaba acanthogaster, Oligosarcus perdido, Moenkhausia cosmops, Knodus chapadae, Planaltina sp., o loricariídeo Hypostomus cochliodon e o auquenipterídeo Centromochlus sp. fornecem evidências de uma história compartilhada relativamente recente entre as terras altas do alto rio Paraguai e bacias de terras altas vizinhas. Restritas às cabeceiras das áreas altas nas bacias do alto rio Paraguai e bacias vizinhas, estas espécies fornecem evidências biológicas da pretérita extensão do Planalto Central Brasileiro anteriormente a origem tectônica da planície alagável do Pantanal. Disjunções ocorreram devido a barreira ecológica para estes taxons reofílicos representada pela subsidência tectônica associada à origem do Pantanal. A análise molecular de Jupiaba acanthogaster revelou que amostras da bacia do alto rio Xingu consistem no grupo-irmão de um clado mais inclusivo que inclui amostras do alto rio Arinos (alto rio Tapajós) mais o alto rio Paraguai, suportando a suposição de que a origem do alto rio Paraguai causou vicariância entre esta bacia e o alto rio Tapajós no último evento vicariante na história evolutiva do grupo.31932

Atlantic frugivory: a plant–frugivore interaction data set for the Atlantic Forest

Non peer reviewe

An Experimental Model of Meningoencephalomyelitis by Rocio Flavivirus in Balb/C Mice: Inflammatory Response, Cytokine Production, and Histopathology

Rocio virus (ROCV) is a flavivirus, probably transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and maintained in nature as a zoonosis of wild birds. Rocio virus caused a human epidemic of severe encephalitis that lasted from 1973 to 1980 in the Ribeira valley, in the southeastern coast of Brazil. After this outbreak, serologic evidence of ROCV circulation has been reported and public health authorities are concerned about a return of ROCV outbreaks in Brazil. We show here a study on the pathogenesis and the physiopathology of ROCV disease in the central nervous system of a Balb/C young adult mice experimental model. The animals were intraperitoneally infected by ROCV and followed from 0 to 9 days after infection, when all of them died. Nervous tissue samples were collected from infected animals for immunohistochemistry and molecular biology analysis. We observed the virus in the central nervous system, the inflammatory changes induced by Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and the final irreversible damage of nervous tissues by neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. These findings can help to better understand the pathogenesis and physiopathology of the human meningoencephalomyelitis by ROCV and other flaviviruses

Determination of Cytomegalovirus Prevalence and Glycoprotein B Genotypes Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Ahvaz, Iran

Background: The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common pathogen which usually remains asymptomatic in the healthy adults; however, it can cause a symptomatic disease in the immunocompromised patients. The risk of infection with HCMV increases in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients as a result of receiving immunosuppressive agents. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the glycoprotein B genotypes of HCMV among the patients with HCMV disease superimposed on an UC flare that required hospitalization in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2010- 2012. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestinal tissue samples were taken from 98 patients with UC disease including 53 males and 45 females (mean age ± standard deviation, 38.95 ± 17.93) and 67 control patients with noninflammatory disease who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2010-2012. Detection of HCMV genome in intestinal samples was carried out by seminested polymerase chain reaction. Glycoprotein B genotypes were determined by sequencing. Results: Among 98 patients with UC, only 12 (12.2%) patients were positive for HCMV genome, while the HCMV genome was not detected in any of the controls. (P = 0.002). The distribution of HCMV gB genotypes in 12 CMV-positive UC patients was as follow: gB1, 11 (91.7%) and gB3, 1 (8.3%). The most prevalent genotype in CMV-positive UC patients was gB1. Conclusions: In this study, high prevalence of 91.7% HCMV gB1 genotype was predominant among HCMV-positive UC patients, which suggests that there might be an association between HCMV gB genotype 1 and UC disease