Pittsburgh\u27s Response to Deindustrialization: Renaissance, Renewal and Recovery, 1946-1999

Pittsburgh was able to gradually ease its transition into a post-industrial economy in the second half of the twentieth century because of an elite-driven planning movement known as the Pittsburgh Renaissance. The Renaissance first addressed the physical failings of the city and sought state legislation that would support further urban redevelopment immediately following World War II. While the physical improvements were underway, Renaissance organizers began working with the University of Pittsburgh to upgrade Pitt\u27s educational and recreational facilities so that it would become an engine for the city\u27s future economic growth. City support for improved facilities, especially those pertaining to the growing medical center and scientific research programs, laid the foundation for the city\u27s post-industrial economy. Evolving plans for a new municipal amphitheater also began in the mid-1940s, but merged with the federal urban renewal program in the mid-1950s. The intention was to turn Pittsburgh into a business tourism destination that would highlight the city\u27s cultural assets with an adjacent Center for the Arts, but the finished facility failed to meet the expectations planners set for it and constituted a transformative experience for the Renaissance movement. When Renaissance planning resumed in the late 1970s, it returned without centralized control, but it shared the goals of promoting Downtown Pittsburgh as a business center, diversifying the city\u27s economy away from steel, and emphasizing the city\u27s cultural institutions. As Renaissance continued through the next two decades, these core values continued to motivate projects and link it to past accomplishments solidifying the importance of planning to the city\u27s operations. By responding to the threat of capital flight in the 1940s, the Renaissance created a movement that could outlast any individual participants, suspend and resume operations as needed, and adapt to meet different crises that emerged over time

Joint parental school choice: exploring the influence of individual preferences of husbands and wives

The objective of this paper is to study school choice as a deliberate joint parental decision. This decision is affected by the underlying preferences of the husband and wife. We use survey data from a sample of parents in the metropolitan area of Bilbao (Spain) to estimate a bargaining discrete choice model. The collected data set contains hypothetical school choices gathered in the form of a typical discrete choice experiment (stated preferences) and the actual school choice (revealed preferences). Stated preference data are obtained separately for husbands and wives, but the revealed preference choice is taken jointly. Our findings show, firstly, that the husband's and wife's stated preferences regarding school choice do not differ markedly. Secondly, the results obtained for the revealed preferences deviate from the stated preferences for some school characteristics. Finally, we find that neither the husband's nor the wife's preferences prevail in the actual joint school choice decision

On the solvability of the periodically forced relativistic pendulum equation on time scales

We study some properties of the range of the relativistic pendulum operator P, that is, the set of possible continuous T-periodic forcing terms p for which the equation Px = p admits a T-periodic solution over a T-periodic time scale T. Writing p(t) = p0(t) + p, we prove the existence of a nonempty compact interval I(p0), depending continuously on p0, such that the problem has a solution if and only if p ∈ I(p0) and at least two different solutions when p is an interior point. Furthermore, we give sufficient conditions for nondegeneracy; specifically, we prove that if T is small then I(p0) is a neighbourhood of 0 for arbitrary p0. The results in the present paper improve the smallness condition obtained in previous works for the continuous case T = R

Incorporating attitudes into the evaluation of preferences regarding agri-environmental practices

Many stated preference studies have shown that individuals’ attitudes play an important role in explaining their behaviour and helping to disentangle preference heterogeneity. When responses to attitudinal questions are introduced into discrete choice models, a suitable approach that corrects for potential endogeneity must be adopted. We use a discrete choice experiment to analyse the preferences of residents regarding the use of agri-environmental practices in the peri-urban area of Milan (Italy). A detailed analysis of these preferences is relevant for policymakers as farmers on the peri-urban fringe are often asked to provide environmental services to urban-dwellers. We apply a latent class model that we extend to include indicators of individuals’ attitudes towards the relationship between agriculture and the environment. Besides the application of the control function approach to deal with endogeneity, our main contribution is the use of a refutability test to check the exogeneity of the instruments in the agri-environmental setting. Our results show that attitudinal indicators help to disentangle the preference heterogeneity and that the respondents’ willingness-to-pay distribution differs according to the indicators’ values

Extension of charge-state-distribution calculations for ion-solid collisions towards low velocities and many-electron ions

Knowledge of the detailed evolution of the whole charge-state distribution of projectile ions colliding with targets is required in several fields of research such as material science and atomic and nuclear physics but also in accelerator physics, and in particular in regard to the several foreseen large-scale facilities. However, there is a lack of data for collisions in the nonperturbative energy domain and that involve many-electron projectiles. Starting from the etacha model we developed [Rozet, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 107, 67 (1996)10.1016/0168-583X(95)00800-4], we present an extension of its validity domain towards lower velocities and larger distortions. Moreover, the system of rate equations is able to take into account ions with up to 60 orbital states of electrons. The computed data from the different new versions of the etacha code are compared to some test collision systems. The improvements made are clearly illustrated by 28.9MeVu-1Pb56+ ions, and laser-generated carbon ion beams of 0.045 to 0.5MeVu-1, passing through carbon or aluminum targets, respectively. Hence, those new developments can efficiently sustain the experimental programs that are currently in progress on the "next-generation" accelerators or laser facilities.Fil: Lamour, E.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Fainstein, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Galassi, Mariel Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Prigent, C.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Ramirez, C. A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, Roberto Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rozet, J. P.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Trassinelli, M.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Vernhet, D.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris; Franci

The mean curvature flow on solvmanifolds

This work is a survey of the most relevant background material to motivate and understand the construction and classification of translating solutions to mean curvature flow on a family of solvmanifolds. We introduce the mean curvature flow and some known results in the field. In particular we explore the notion of translating solution in the Euclidean space and extensions into other Riemannian manifolds. We also include a discussion on solvmanifolds and some elements of its geometry that are relevant to our work. We finish by posing the equations that describe translating solutions to mean curvature flow on our family of 3-dimensional solvmanifolds with some additional assumptions. This project emerged at the ``Latin American and Caribbean Workshop on Mathematics and Gender'' held at Casa Matem\'atica Oaxaca (CMO) from May 15-20, 2022.Comment: In v2 we clarified that this manuscript is a survey paper and in particular added section

Pellet analysis evidences flexibility in the diet of Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus) during breeding at Esperanza/Hope Bay (Antarctic Peninsula)

At Esperanza/Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, breeding Brown Skuas (Stercorarius antarcticus) coexist with a breeding colony of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Gentoo (P. papua) penguins. Previously, we reported that the principal prey consumed by Brown Skuas was penguin, however, the contribution of marine resources to their diet was high. Besides, the number of conspecifics that compete for this resource gradually increases across the season. This prompted us to enquire into the ecological factors that may promote the use of marine resources during the breeding cycle. For this, during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 seasons, 400 regurgitated pellets were collected over the breeding season for different stages in the nesting cycle: incubation, early and late chick rearing. Prey items were classified according to different categories (penguin, fish, mollusk, and crustacea), and the occurrence frequency of each category was determined. As expected, penguins were the main prey consumed, but the occurrence of fish and mollusks increased for both early and late care of chicks. The flexibility in skua foraging behavior may be related to the changing degree of central place forager, and to the fluctuating energy requirements during each breeding stage. Moreover, the conspicuous decline in penguin availability or accessibility induced by intraspecific competition, may represent an alternative driving force in their foraging behavior over the breeding season.Fil: Ibañez, Andres Esteban. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Lara Mariel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Torres, D. S.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; ArgentinaFil: Borghello, P.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; ArgentinaFil: Montalti, Diego. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; Argentin

Sorting Nexin 1 Down-Regulation Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis

PURPOSE: Colon cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, yet studies have only begun to identify the multiple mechanisms that underlie the development of this tumor. In this study, we have identified a novel mechanism, dysregulation of endocytic sorting, which promotes colon cancer development. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemical and microarray analyses were done on human colon cancer tissue specimens to determine the levels of one endocytic protein, sorting nexin 1 (SNX1). SW480 cells, a human colon cancer cell line that retains a relatively high level of SNX1 expression, were used to assess the effects of down-regulating this protein by small hairpin RNA. Activation of signal transduction cascades was evaluated in these cells using Western blotting, and multiple functional assays were done. RESULTS: We determined by immunohistochemistry that the level of SNX1 was significantly down-regulated in 75% of human colon cancers. In corroborative studies using microarray analysis, SNX1 message was significantly decreased (log(2) ratio less than -1) for 8 of 19 colon carcinomas. Cell lines with reduced SNX1 levels showed increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and decreased susceptibility to anoikis. They also showed increased activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in response to epidermal growth factor. This increased activation was abolished by inhibition of endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that loss of SNX1 may play a significant role in the development and aggressiveness of human colon cancer, at least partially through the mechanism of increased signaling from endosomes. Further, these findings suggest that dysregulation of endocytic proteins may represent a new paradigm in the process of carcinogenesis.Fil: Nguyen, Lananh N.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Holdren, Matthew S.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Nguyen, Anthony P.. Baylor College of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Furuya, Momoko H.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Bianchini, Michele. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Levy, Estrella Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mordoh, Jose. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Liu, Annie. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Guncay, Gabriela D.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Campbell, Jean S.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Parks, W. Tony. University of Washington; Estados Unido