Internação compulsória: aspectos legais em saúde mental

TCC(especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Linhas de Cuidado em Atenção PsicossocialA internação psiquiátrica está cada vez mais presente nos aspectos gerais de saúde pública . Requer do profissional um conhecimento técnico e especializado em saúde mental que o subsidie no enfrentamento desta questão. No Brasil, a Lei 10.216/2001 , tratou do assunto de maneira específica, abordando os direitos d as pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais. Tem por finalidade intervir em crises, estabilizando pacientes graves, garantindo sua segurança e das outras pessoas . Existe m três tipos de internação possíveis, voluntária , involuntária e compulsória . O tema principal d esse estudo foi sobre internação compulsória ou involuntária , presente quando ocorrer à perda da autonomia do individuo . O objetivo do trabalho foi reconhecer o s modelos de internação existentes, bem como suas fundamentações e aspectos éticos e legais para que sejam assegurados os direitos e deveres dos pacientes com transtornos mentais. Ao final do estudo poderemos observar que a principal mudança seria a diminu ição das internações e priorizar a qualidade na assistência prestada pelos municípios

Conventional and microwave-assisted reaction of N-hydroxymethylphthalimide with arylamines: synthesis of N-(arylaminomethyl)-phthalimides

An efficient and easy synthesis of compounds: 2-Phenylaminomethyl-isoindole-1,3-dione (5a), 2-[(2-Clorophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5b), 2-[(3-Clorophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5c), 2-[(4-Clorophenylamino)methyl)-isoindole-1,3-dione (5d), 2-[(2-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5e), 2-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5f), 2-[(4-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5g), 2-[(2-Nitrophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5h), 2-[(3-Nitrophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5i), 2-[(4-Nitrophenylamino)methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione (5j), 2-[1H-(1,2,4)Triazol-3-yl-aminomethyl)-isoindole-1,3-dione (5k) and 2-([1,2,4]-Triazole-4-yl-aminomethyl)-isoindole-1,3-dione (5l), is described. The general synthesis procedure starts from N-hydroxymethylphthalimide 3 and aryl- and [1,2,4-triazol-3- and 4-yl]-amines 4a-l by conventional and solvent-free microwave-mediated. The reaction of 3 with 4l turned out to be a very rapid and high-yielding one. A comparison of these two methods has been made. Three probable mechanisms of formation of N-(arylaminomethyl)-phthalimides (one in the solution phase and two in the microwave-accelerated conditions are proposed. Crystallographic analyses of 5d furnished the correct conformation of this molecule. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of 5d using 6-31G* basis set were performed and the results were comparable to the X-ray data

Evaluation of the genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum P126 protein (SERA or SERP) and its influence on naturally acquired specific antibody responses in malaria-infected individuals living in the Brazilian Amazon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>P126 protein is an asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate antigen. Antibodies against P126 are able to inhibit parasite growth <it>in vitro</it>, and a major parasite-inhibitory epitope has been recently mapped to its 47 kDa N-terminal extremity (octamer repeat domain – OR domain). The OR domain basically consists of six octamer units, but variation in the sequence and number of repeat units may appear in different alleles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the polymorphism of P126 N-terminal region OR domain in <it>P. falciparum </it>isolates from two Brazilian malaria endemic areas and its impact on anti-OR naturally acquired antibodies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was carried out in two villages, Candeias do Jamari (Rondonia state) and Peixoto de Azevedo (Mato Grosso state), both located in the south-western part of the Amazon region. The repetitive region of the gene encoding the P126 antigen was PCR amplified and sequenced with the di-deoxy chain termination procedure. The antibody response was evaluated by ELISA with the Nt47 synthetic peptide corresponding to the P126 OR-II domain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Only two types of OR fragments were identified in the studied areas, one of 175 bp (OR-I) and other of 199 bp (OR-II). A predominance of the OR-II fragment was observed in Candeias do Jamari whereas in Peixoto de Azevedo both fragments OR-I and OR-II were frequent as well as mixed infection (both fragments simultaneously) reported here for the first time. Comparing the DNA sequencing of OR-I and OR-II fragments, there was a high conservation among predicted amino acid sequences of the P126 N-terminal extremity. Data of immune response demonstrated that the OR domain is highly immunogenic in natural conditions of exposure and that the polymorphism of the OR domain does not apparently influence the specific immune response.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings confirm a limited genetic polymorphism of the P126 OR domain in <it>P. falciparum </it>isolates and that this limited genetic polymorphism does not seem to influence the development of a specific humoral immune response to P126 and its immunogenicity in the studied population.</p

Reuse of treated domestic sewage for biquinho pepper cultivation

This study aimed to evaluate the reuse of treated domestic sewage in biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense L.) cultivation under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Forty-eight pepper plants were subjected to three treated domestic sewage concentrations (0, 50, and 100%) and four irrigation depths (75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). Data for ETc estimation were obtained from an automatic meteorological station, which was installed in the greenhouse. The results showed that irrigation depths corresponding to 125 and 150% of the ETc at a concentration of 100% treated domestic sewage resulted in higher plants. Moreover, longer fruits were obtained when plants were subjected to 100% ETc at 100% treated domestic sewage. The studied irrigation depths influenced pepper fruit total weight and yield. No treated domestic sewage concentrations significantly influenced the variables analysed. Treated domestic sewage reuse can constitute an alternative for quality water saving and for chemical fertilisation of biquinho pepper crop. Highlights: The growing of beak pepper with domestic sewage treated can bring benefits in terms of providing nutrients to the crops; Adequate levels of water replacement with domestic sewage treated may promote good crop development. The use of treated domestic sewage can be an alternative to reduce the use of better quality water and chemical fertilization in the growing of beak pepper. Reduction of environmental impact may be possible with the replacement of chemical fertilizer by domestic sewage treated in the growing of beak pepper.This study aimed to evaluate the reuse of treated domestic sewage in biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense L.) cultivation under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Forty-eight pepper plants were subjected to three treated domestic sewage concentrations (0, 50, and 100%) and four irrigation depths (75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc). Data for ETc estimation were obtained from an automatic meteorological station, which was installed in the greenhouse. The results showed that irrigation depths corresponding to 125 and 150% of the ETc at a concentration of 100% treated domestic sewage resulted in higher plants. Moreover, longer fruits were obtained when plants were subjected to 100% ETc at 100% treated domestic sewage. The studied irrigation depths influenced pepper fruit total weight and yield. No treated domestic sewage concentrations significantly influenced the variables analysed. Treated domestic sewage reuse can constitute an alternative for quality water saving and for chemical fertilisation of biquinho pepper crop. Highlights: The growing of beak pepper with domestic sewage treated can bring benefits in terms of providing nutrients to the crops; Adequate levels of water replacement with domestic sewage treated may promote good crop development. The use of treated domestic sewage can be an alternative to reduce the use of better quality water and chemical fertilization in the growing of beak pepper. Reduction of environmental impact may be possible with the replacement of chemical fertilizer by domestic sewage treated in the growing of beak pepper

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost