Salinity evolution in irrigated soils in the Lower Tunuyán River basin : Mendoza - Argentina

La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivados en el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización.Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.Fil: Tozzi, Fabián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina)Fil: Mariani, Adriana. Instituto Nacional del Agua (Argentina). Centro Regional AndinoFil: Vallone, Rosana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Morábito, José. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria

Sexualidade infantil: a perspetiva de pais, mães e educadores/as

A presente investigação teve como objetivo caracterizar os comportamentos sexuais mais observados em crianças dos 3 aos 12 anos através dos pais, mães, tutores/as legais bem como professores e educadores, tendo sido para tal finalidade utilizado o Escala de dupla moral.N/

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2’s activation in transgenic mice fed with high dosage of fish oil.

Some fatty acids, such as CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) and n-3 fatty acids modulate immune and inflammatory response in ruminants and monogastrics; their supplementation alters fatty acids profile of meat and milk, enhancing their nutritional quality. However, it is still unclear if their addition causes oxidative damage to animals. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in cellular defenses against oxidative stress, indeed it produces a rapid induction of its target genes involved in antioxidant response. The aim of the project is to investigate the activation of Nrf2 in luciferase reporter mice fed different amount of n-3 PUFA in the diet (7,5% lard, 7,5% tuna oil, 20 % lard and 20%tuna oil). Forty-eight reporter mice are divided into three groups: male, intact female and ovariectomized female. Each group is split in four subgroups fed different diets. Oxidative status will be studied monitoring Nrf2’s activation with in vivo bioluminescent imaging. The inflammatory and immune response will be assessed using calprotectin and lactoferrin levels in faecal samples that are non-invasive techniques. The trial is still in progress: on the 62nd day, animals will be sacrificed after a challenge in order to measure the different effects of diets and +/- oestrogen on stress response. Finally, the post mortem analysis will be carried on extract organs. Data obtained will be analysed using statistical procedures and results will improve the knowledge about interaction between omega-3 fatty acids and animals’ oxidative status

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2’s activation in transgenic mice fed with dosage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids using in vivo bioluminescent imaging

To counteract oxidative stress cells developed several mechanisms, including the transcription factor Nuclear Factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation of Nrf2 in transgenic mice fed saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids and the anti-inflammatory effect of estrogens on organism. Forty-eight ARE CRE OMO reporter mice were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 16 animals, based on presence/absence of estrogens (ovariectomized or sham female, OVX - SH; male, MA). Each group was further split in 4 subgroups of 4 animals each and fed different diets (7.5% lard, 7.5% tuna oil, 20.0 % lard and 20.0% tuna oil). Two times a week animals were anaesthetized and injected i.p. with 100µL luciferin 15 min before the imaging session. Using the Living Image Software, photon emission was mapped for selected body areas. On day 70, animals were sacrificed after a challenge with Sodium Arsenite. Specific organs were dissected and immediately subjected to ex vivo imaging session. MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software were used for statistical analysis. Dietary treatments did not affect body weight and feed intake as well as Nrf2 expression in both pre- and post-challenge phases, with the exception of the abdominal region (P=0.031 pre-challenge); in this area, during the pre-challenge phase, OVX showed lower Nrf2 activation (P<0.001). Ex vivo results outlined a significant effect of the challenge on all the considered organs (P<0.001), while OVX subjects had higher Nrf2 expression on urinary bladder and kidney (P<0.05) and high fat diet increased Nrf2 in urinary bladder (P<0.05). The present trial shows how saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in the diet do not exert significant effects on oxidative stress in mice, but confirms the protective role of estrogens under physiological condition

Evolución de la salinidad de los suelos regadíos del río Tunuyán Inferior (Mendoza - Argentina)

Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivadosen el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización

Evolución de la salinidad de los suelos regadíos del río Tunuyán Inferior (Mendoza - Argentina) = Salinity evolution in irrigated soils in the Lower Tunuyán River basin (Mendoza - Argentina)

La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivadosen el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización.Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that ÂÂ in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were ÂÂ moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.EEA JunínFil: Tozzi, Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Mariani, Adriana. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Centro Regional Andino; ArgentinaFil: Vallone, Rosana Celia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Morábito, José. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Centro Regional Andino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

HbF reactivation in sibling BFU-E colonies: synergistic interaction of kit ligand with low-dose dexamethasone

Mechanisms underlying fetal hemoglobin (HbF) reactivation in stress erythropoiesis have not been fully elucidated. We suggested that a key role is played by kit ligand (KL). Because glucocorticoids (GCs) mediate stress erythropoiesis, we explored their capacity to potentiate the stimulatory effect of KL on HbF reactivation, as evaluated in unilineage erythropoietic culture of purified adult progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units [BFU-Es]). The GC derivative dexamethasone (Dex) was tested in minibulk cultures at graded dosages within the therapeutical range (10−6 to 10−9M). Dex did not exert significant effects alone, but synergistically it potentiated the action of KL in a dose-dependent fashion. Specifically, Dex induced delayed erythroid maturation coupled with a 2-log increased number of generated erythroblasts and enhanced HbF synthesis up to 85% F cells and 55% γ-globin content at terminal maturation (ie, in more than 80%-90% mature erythroblasts). Equivalent results were obtained in unicellular erythroid cultures of sibling BFU-Es treated with KL alone or combined with graded amounts of Dex. These results indicate that the stimulatory effect of KL + Dex is related to the modulation of γ-globin expression rather than to recruitment of BFU-Es with elevated HbF synthetic potential. At the molecular level, Id2 expression is totally suppressed in control erythroid culture but is sustained in KL + Dex culture. Hypothetically, Id2 may mediate the expansion of early erythroid cells, which correlates with HbF reactivation. These studies indicate that GCs play an important role in HbF reactivation. Because Dex acts at dosages used in immunologic disease therapy, KL + Dex administration may be considered to develop preclinical models for β-hemoglobinopathy treatment

Nanostructured lipid dispersions for topical administration of crocin, a potent antioxidant from saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.Crocin, a potent antioxidant obtained from saffron, shows anticancer activity in in vivo models. Unfortunately unfavorable physicochemical features compromise its use in topical therapy.The present study describes the preparation and characterization of nanostructured lipid dispersions as drug delivery systems for topical administration of crocin and the evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of crocin once encapsulated into nanostructured lipid dispersions.Nanostructured lipid dispersions based on monoolein in mixture with sodium cholate and sodium caseinate have been characterized by cryo-TEM and PCS. Crocin permeation was evaluated in vitro by Franz cells, while the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity was tested in vitro by the MTT test using a human melanoma cell line.The emulsification of monoolein with sodium cholate and sodium caseinate led to dispersions of cubosomes, hexasomes, sponge systems and vesicles, depending on the employed emulsifiers. Permeation and shelf life studies demonstrated that nanostructured lipid dispersions enabled to control both rate of crocin diffusion through the skin and crocin degradation. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay pointed out an interesting and prolonged antioxidant activity of crocin while the MTT test showed an increase of crocin cytotoxic effect after incorporation in nanostructured lipid dispersions.This work has highlighted that nanostructured lipid dispersions can protect the labile molecule crocin from degradation, control its skin diffusion and prolong antioxidant activity, therefore suggesting the suitability of nanostructured lipid dispersions for crocin topical administration

La valutazione degli esiti e del processo nelle psicoterapie offerte dai Centri di Salute Mentale e da un Centro di Psicologia clinica universitario

Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di presentare i principali risultati emersi dalla valutazione empirica di esiti e di processo nelle psicoterapie condotte in contesti istituzionali. In una prima parte sono riassunti metodi e risultati di un progetto longitudinale articolato – che ha incluso un intervento di formazione e restituzione - svolto in collaborazione fra l’Università “Sapienza†e i Centri di Salute Mentale di una ASL romana. Successivamente sono illustrati gli studi condotti dal gruppo di ricerca sul cambiamento terapeutico e sul processo applicando strumenti di indagine basati sulle narrative alle sedute di psicoterapia presso un Centro Clinico Universitario. I principali obiettivi delle ricerche svolte sono rivolti al miglioramento dei servizi, all’auto-monitoraggio degli psicoterapeuti e all’elaborazione di un modello teorico che incentivi l’efficacia terapeutica

Processo de produção de cuidado à crise em Rede de Atenção Psicossocial

The objective of this study is to understand the process of producing care in the Psychosocial Attention Network (RAPS) for people in crisis situations. The research was carried out in services that compound the RAPS of four municipalities of the Southeastern Region metropolitan areas. Professionals from CAPS II and III, CAPS alcohol and drugs, CAPS infant and juvenile, short stay unit, first aid and Basic Health Unit participated in the study. For data collection, the focus group was used and data analysis was performed by content analysis. This work evidenced the centrality of the hospital and the direct and protocolar association of the crisis with psychiatric hospitalization.El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el proceso de producción de cuidado en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) a personas en situación de crisis. La investigación fue realizada en servicios que componen la RAPS de cuatro municipios de Región Metropolitana de la Región Sudeste, Brasil. Los participantes fueron profesionales de CAPS II y III, de CAPS alcohol y drogas, de CAPS infantojuvenil, de unidad de corta permanencia, de socorro y de Unidad Básica de Salud. Se utilizó el grupo focal para la recolección de los datos y el análisis de los datos se realizó por análisis de contenido. Este trabajo evidenció la centralidad del hospital y la asociación directa y protocolar de la crisis a la internación psiquiátrica.O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o processo de produção de cuidado na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) a pessoas em situação de crise. A pesquisa foi realizada em serviços que compõem a RAPS de quatro municípios de Região Metropolitana da Região Sudeste e teve como participantes profissionais oriundos de CAPS II e III, de CAPS álcool e drogas, de CAPS infantojuvenil, de unidade de curta permanência, de pronto socorro e de Unidade Básica de Saúde. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o grupo focal e a análise dos dados se deu por análise de conteúdo. Este trabalho evidenciou a centralidade do hospital e a associação direta e protocolar da crise à internação psiquiátrica.&nbsp