Estabelecimento in vitro de bananeiras em diferentes meios de cultura submetidas a agentes antioxidantes / In vitro establishment of banana plants in different culture media submitted to antioxidant agents

O Brasil é um país de destaque para a produção da banana (Musa sp.) graças as tecnologias aplicadas a cultura, como os meios de propagação. O objetivo foi avaliar o estabelecimento in vitro de explantes de bananeira cv. BRS Platina em diferentes meios de cultura submetidos a agentes desinfetantes, antioxidantes e dispostos em posições distintas. Em ambos os experimentos, as mudas foram selecionadas do pomar do Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Urutaí. Estas foram reduzidas ao tamanho de aproximadamente 10 cm e submetidas lavagem em água corrente e detergente para retirada superficial de resíduos. A desinfestação dos explantes foi realizada em câmara de fluxo laminar com álcool 70% por 5 minutos, seguido de 30 minutos em hipoclorito de sódio (2,5% de cloro ativo) em constante agitação. Após a desinfestação dos explantes estes passaram por lavagem em água destilada por 4 vezes. Os explantes do primeiro experimento foram inoculados em meio MS (Murashige Skoog, 1962) com 100% da concentração dos sais, acrescido de piridoxina 0,5 mg.L-1, ácido nicotínico 0,5 mg.L-1, glicina 2,0 mg.L-1, thiamina 0,5 mg.L-1; carvão ativado 1,0 g.L-1, sacarose 30,0 g.L-1 e ágar a 4,0 g.L-1 e com pH a 5,8. Após a retirada dos frascos do escuro, os explantes foram avaliados quanto a oxidação do ápice e da base atribuindo notas para cada explante (0: sem oxidação; 1: oxidação inicial; 2: oxidação baixa; 3: oxidação intermediária; e 4: oxidação elevada). Os frascos inoculados foram deixados no escuro por 14 dias em temperatura de 27±2 ºC, para diminuir o fenômeno da oxidação e depois sob luz branca fria (40 µmol m-2 s-1) em fotoperíodo de 12 horas, após a retirada do escuro foram avaliados ainda, contaminação, sobrevivência e esverdecimento dos explantes e oxidação. No segundo experimento, novas mudas foram selecionadas, e submetidas ao processo asséptico, onde os explantes foram inoculados, com a base voltada para o meio e com o ápice voltado para o meio, onde meio MS com 100% da concentração dos sais, acrescido de piridoxina 0,5 mg.L-1, ácido nicotínico 0,5 mg.L-1, glicina 2,0 mg.L-1, thiamina 0,5 mg.L-1; carvão ativado 1,0 g.L-1, e ágar a 4,0 g.L-1 e com pH a 5,8 tinha diferentes concentrações de sacarose: 10,0 g.L-1 e 20,0 g.L-1.   Os frascos inoculados foram deixados no escuro por 14 dias em temperatura de 27±2 ºC, para diminuir o fenômeno da oxidação e depois sob luz branca fria (40 µmol m-2 s-1) em fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Após a retirada do escuro os explantes foram avaliados semanalmente quanto a oxidação basal, oxidação apical, contaminação, esverdecimento e senescência. Os dados foram avaliados no software R versão 3.4.1 (R Core Team, 2018). Os tratamentos não diferenciaram estatisticamente entre si em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Os tratamentos já apresentaram oxidação basal e apical na primeira avaliação, esverdecimento a partir da segunda avaliação e senescência a partir da terceira avaliação. Os tratamentos sofreram com contaminações, todos apresentaram contaminações fúngicas e bacterianas. Conclui-se que as concentrações de sacarose testadas não influenciaram nas variáveis avaliadas e que a oxidação do explante está diretamente ligada ao contato entre explante e meio de cultura

Arbustus unedo essence: morphological and genetic characterization of the strawberry tree of Castelo de Paiva

O medronheiro é um arbusto da região mediterrânica que pode ser encontrada por todo o país. Ao contrário do que verifica na região sul do país, no concelho de Castelo de Paiva é atribuída uma reduzida importância económica a esta espécie. Com o intuito de preservar e potenciar a produção desta espécie e contribuir para a dinamização da economia do concelho, procedeu-se à caracterização morfológica e genética de uma amostra da população de medronheiros de Castelo de Paiva. A caracterização morfológica e genética foi realizada para um total de 10 genótipos. Para tal recolheram-se 70 folhas aleatoriamente em cada árvore. Em 40 folhas mediu-se o comprimento, largura, comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco, peso seco e determinou-se a área foliar. Dos caracteres morfológicos analisados, aqueles que se revelaram mais úteis na distinção dos vários genótipos foram: comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco e peso seco. As restantes 30 folhas foram utilizadas para a caracterização genética. Esta caracterização foi realizada recorrendo a um marcador de DNA, ISSR. Os 5 primeiros exemplaresutilizados na técnica de ISSR demonstraram-se polimórficos. Os resultados da caracterização genética sugerem que a variabilidade genética na população é média a alta.The strawberry tree is a shrub native in the Mediterranean region and it can be found throughout Portugal. Unlike the case in the southern region of the country, in Castelo de Paiva a minor economic importance is given to this species. In order to preserve, to enhance the production of this species and to contribute to the boosting of the economy of the region, we proceeded to the characterization of a small sample population of this fruit tree of Castelo de Paiva in what concerns to its morphology and genetics. The morphological and genetic characterization was performed for a total of 10 genotypes. For this, 70 leaves were randomly collected from each tree. For 40 leaves, it was measured the length, the width, the peduncle length, the wet weight, the dry weight and determined the leaf area. Of the morphological characteristics analyzed, the ones that proved most useful in distinguishing the various genotypes were: the length peduncle, the wet weight and the dry weight. The remaining 30 leaves were used in the genetic characterization. This characterization was performed using a DNA marker, the ISSR. The 5 primers used in the ISSR technique proved to be polymorphic. The results from the genetic characterization suggest that variability in population genetics is medium to high

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

why should we care about it?

Funding Information: and abroad registered and certified in the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) directory working in this area. According to the catalog of the Brazilian Federal Foundation for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), nearly 50 theses or dissertations have been produced in this field since 2017. In descending order, the prominent areas include Nursing, Public Health, Pharmacy, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Nutrition, Psychology, Administration, Social and Political Sciences, and Education.publishersversionpublishe

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zika-related adverse outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women with rash in Pernambuco, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: While Zika virus (ZIKV) is now widely recognized as a teratogen, the frequency and full spectrum of adverse outcomes of congenital ZIKV infection remains incompletely understood. METHODS: Participants in the MERG cohort of pregnant women with rash, recruited from the surveillance system from December/2015-June/2017. Exposure definition was based on a combination of longitudinal data from molecular, serologic (IgM and IgG3) and plaque reduction neutralization tests for ZIKV. Children were evaluated by a team of clinical specialists and by transfontanelle ultrasound and were classified as having microcephaly and/or other signs/symptoms consistent with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Risks of adverse outcomes were quantified according to the relative evidence of a ZIKV infection in pregnancy. FINDINGS: 376 women had confirmed and suspected exposure to ZIKV. Among evaluable children born to these mothers, 20% presented with an adverse outcome compatible with exposure to ZIKV during pregnancy. The absolute risk of microcephaly was 2.9% (11/376), of calcifications and/or ventriculomegaly was 7.2% (13/180), of additional neurologic alterations was 5.3% (13/245), of ophthalmologic abnormalities was 7% (15/214), and of dysphagia was 1.8% (4/226). Less than 1% of the children experienced abnormalities across all of the domains simultaneously. Interpretation: Although approximately one-fifth of children with confirmed and suspected exposure to ZIKV in pregnancy presented with at least one abnormality compatible with CZS, the manifestations presented more frequently in isolation than in combination. Due to the rare nature of some outcomes and the possibility of later manifestations, large scale individual participant data meta-analysis and the long-term evaluation of children are imperative to identify the full spectrum of this syndrome and to plan actions to reduce damages

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável