Ethnobotanical survey in Canhane village, district of Massingir, Mozambique: medicinal plants and traditional knowledge

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medicinal plants are used by 80% of people from developing countries to fulfill their primary health needs, occupying a key position on plant research and medicine. Taking into account that, besides their pharmaceutical importance, these plants contribute greatly to ecosystems' stability, a continuous documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge is a priority. The objective of this study was to organize a database of medicinal plants including their applications and associated procedures in Canhane village, district of Massingir, province of Gaza, Mozambique.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to gather information about indigenous medicinal plants and to maximize the collection of local knowledge, eleven informants were selected taking into account the dimension of the site and the fact that the vegetation presents a great homogeneity. The data were collected through intensive structured and semi-structured interviews performed during field research. Taxonomical identification of plant species was based on field observations and herbarium collections.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 53 plant species have been reported, which were used to treat 50 different human health problems. More than half of the species were used for stomach and intestine related disturbances (including major diseases such as diarrhea and dysentery). Additionally, four species with therapeutic applications were reported for the first time, whose potential can further be exploited. The great majority of the identified species was also associated with beliefs and myths and/or used as food. In general, the community was conscientious and motivated about conservational issues and has adopted measures for the rational use of medicinal plants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The ethnomedicinal use of plant species was documented in the Canhane village. The local community had a rich ethnobotanical knowledge and adopted sound management conservation practices. The data compiled in this study show the social importance of the surveyed plants being a contribution to the documentation of PGR at the national and regional level.</p

Caracterização petrográfica e geoquímica dos magmatitos da região do Sardoal, Abrantes, e seu enquadramento geodinâmico

Os magmatitos do Sardoal estão inseridos na Unidade dos Ortognaisses de Mouriscas, considerada de idade proterozóica. Apresentam intercalações mesocratas, com estruturação idêntica à dos gnaisses e intercalações máficas com diferente estruturação. Os Gnaisses do Sardoal exibem deformação variável, desde texturas com foliação milonítica a texturas metaígneas. Correspondem a rochas ácidas, sub-alcalinas, com assinaturas geoquímicas características de ambiente de arco continental. As Rochas Intercaladas apresentam foliação bem desenvolvida, composição básica (as máficas) e intermédia (as mesocratas) e assinaturas geoquímicas indicativas de diferentes fontes. Sugere-se que as Rochas Intercaladas correspondam a termos de sequências sub-alcalinas de diferente natureza - as intermédias relacionadas com ambiente de arco continental e as máficas, ou inseridas em ambiente do mesmo tipo ou de intraplaca continental. Estes dados permitiram correlacionar as rochas desta região com o arco vulcânico já definido no NE da ZOM e que deverá estar relacionado com o fecho da orogenia cadomiana

Floristic composition patterns of Mediterranean annual non-nitrophilous grasslands in Eastern Portugal

Helianthemetea guttati communities are pioneer spring and early summer ephemeral grasslands, dominated by nonnitrophilous therophytes. In Continental Portugal, these communities have not yet been fully investigated, and thus the objectives of the present study are: (1) to identify community types in therophytic grasslands; (2) to recognize those communities that configure the European priority habitat 6220* (pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals); (3) to establish environmental gradients underlying their spatial variation; (4) to assess how floristic composition is affected by land use factors. Vegetation sampling using phytosociological methodology was carried out on 80 grasslands. Modified Twinspan classification and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied for the classification and ordination of releve´s whereas partial CCA (pCCA) and variation partitioning were used to assess the relative influence of individual land use factors. Some 270 species were identified across 11 community types whose floristic patterns were mainly explained by environmental gradients related to altitude and soil type while land use variables could only explain a small part of the floristic variation. Based on biogeography and the determination of diagnostic species, four phytosociological new associations and a new subassociation are proposed: Holco-Brachypodietum distachyi, Holco-Micropyretum tenellae, Micropyro- Anthoxanthetum aristati and Leontodonto-Vulpietum bromoidis vulpietosum membranacea

Paradiplomacia e projeção internacional das cidades brasileiras: elaborando o conceito de “gestão local internacional”

En el marco del contexto de la “globalización en cuanto política”, el presente artículo adopta la premisa siguiente: las ciudades, a través de sus redes transnacionales de cooperación y de sus proyectos económicos internacionales, son la expresión de un nuevo actor político que ha cambiado su escala de operaciones, habiendo así obtenido una emancipación por lo menos parcial del monopolio del Estado-nación en el desarrollo de acciones públicas transfronterizas. Por ello, las ciudades han desafiado el imaginario westfaliano y el monopolio del Estado-nación en cuanto “la” comunidad política obligatoria con la capacidad de controlar un territorio nacional de modo vertical y fijo. De cara a desarrollar esta premisa, el artículo analiza la problemática de la paradiplomacia municipal en tres partes: el contexto histórico y realidad empírica de la paradiplomacia municipal en Brasil, el debate teórico sobre las fronteras, escalas y territorios de la paradiplomacia (“soft borders approach”) y la discusión del concepto de “gestión internacional local”.Based on the broader context of “globalization as politics”, this paper adopts the following assumption: cities through their transnational cooperation networks and economic projects are the expression of a new political actor that has shifted its scale of operations, and have thus partly emancipated themselves from the monopoly of the nation-state in the deployment of transborder public action; thefore, they have challenged the Westphalian imaginary and the monopoly of the nation-state as “the” bounded political community with the capacity to frame and totally control a fixed and vertical national territory. In pursuance of developing this assumption, this paper approaches the discussion on municipal paradiplomacy in three parts: firstly, it presents the historical background and empirical reality of paradiplomacy in Brazil; secondly, it presents a series of critical questions for analyzing cities and their transnational networks within the soft borders approach; thirdly, it discusses the concept of “local international management”.Baseado na idéia de uma “globalização como política”, o presente artigo parte da seguinte premissa: as ciudades, por meio de suas redes transnacionais de cooperação e de seus projetos económicos internacionais, são a expressão de um novo ator político que mudou sua escala de operações, emancipando-se, pelo menos parcialmente, do monopólio do Estado-nação no desenvolvimento de ações públicas transfronteiriças. Por conseguinte, as ciudades passaram a desafiar o imaginário westfaliano e o monopólio do Estado-nação enguanto comunidade política exclusiva e obrigatória com a capacidade de controlar um territorio nacional de modo vertical e fixo. Visando a desenvolver essa premissa, o artigo analisa a problemática da paradiplomacia municipal em três partes: contexto histórico e realidade empírica da paradiplomacia municipal no Brasil; debate teórico sobre fronteiras, escalas e territórios da paradiplomacia (com base na “soft borders approach”); discussão do conceito de “gestão internacional local”

O impacto da emigração recente no número de nados-vivos em Portugal

A recente crise económica observada em Portugal não foi exclusiva do país e registou repercussões massivas a nível internacional. Desde 2008, em Portugal, registaram-se os mais variados cortes no investimento e despesa pública, resultando num grande aumento da taxa de desemprego. Realizaram-se algumas tentativas de minoração dos efeitos da crise económica com a institucionalização de medidas de austeridade como o Programa de Estabilidade e Crescimento (PEC), mas estas não evitaram a intervenção do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), trazendo a Troika a Portugal (Alves, 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2015). Durante o seu período em Portugal (2011 – 2014), o país não conseguiu manter a capacidade para atrair novos residentes ou até de fazer regressar aqueles que tinham há muito saído em busca de melhores condições de vida, voltando a ser um país com forte emigração à semelhança do já observado no passado. Apesar desta emigração se dividir entre temporária e permanente, a verdade é que, muito provavelmente, alguns daqueles que pensaram sair do país apenas temporariamente, poderão passar a emigrantes permanentes

Le magmatisme terminal de la chaîne hercynienne : signification géodynamique d'une association magmatique identifiée dans le Carbonifère terminal du Massif Hercynien Central Marocain

Na parte oriental do Maciço Hercínico Central de Marrocos afloram alguns filões intercalados em formações do Carbónico superior do Sudeste da bacia de Azrou-Kénifra. Estes filões instalaram-se paralelamente à estratificação e foram deformados por dobramentos associados aos cavalgamentos que controlaram a sedimentação, o que demonstra o seu carácter sintectónico. A sua composição química permitiu distinguir dois tipos de sequências magmáticas sobrepostas nas séries de Tariwalt e Talgarat, respectivamente de idades V3b e Namuriano-V3c, provável. A primeira inclui rochas básicas de carácter transicional e afinidade alcalina, enquanto a segunda possui uma assinatura calco-alcalina. Estas sequências magmáticas apresentam estreitas semelhanças petrográficas e geoquímicas com as que ocorrem em ambientes de margem activa. As assinaturas geoquímicas e a evolução magmática destas rochas são compatíveis com os dados tectono-sedimentares que caracterizam a bacia de Azrou-Kénifra como uma bacia desenvolvida em regime compressivo, integrada num sistema de "avant pays" determinado por sequências de cavalgamentos propagando-se para NW

Effectiveness factor for immobilized biocatalysts: two substratestwo products reactions

Immobilized enzymes are being increasingly used as biocatalysts in numerous processes to obtain high-value products for the pharmaceutical, flavour and fragrance industries (Gandhi et al., 2000). The major advantages of immobilization include the increase in enzyme stability, the possibility of enzyme reutilization and the easy separation of the biocatalysts from the reaction mixture. However, it is necessary to account for mass transfer limitations that, under some conditions, may arise in these systems (Gómez et al., 2003; Jeison et al., 2003). These resistances comprise the effects of intraparticle diffusion and external mass-transfer. Given the complexity of the kinetics of multisubstrate enzyme reactions, reactor modelling studies that account for mass-transfer phenomena are so far limited to single-substrate ones (Gómez et al., 2003). To compare the observed reaction rate with the reaction rate in the absence of mass-transfer limitations, an overall effectiveness factor is usually calculated (Gómez et al., 2003; Jeison et al., 2003). In this work, a model is developed to calculate the overall effectiveness factor for immobilized enzymes that carry out irreversible two substrates-two products reactions following kinetic mechanisms such as the Ternary Complex or the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi with inhibition by the second substrate. The model has two dimensionless parameters for each substrate – Thiele modulus (reaction/intraparticle diffusion), Biot number (film diffusion/intraparticle diffusion) – and one related to the reaction kinetics. Their influence on the effectiveness factor is analysed. The results obtained can be applied in the design and simulation of enzymatic reactors

Biodegradation of chiral pharmaceuticals by an activated sludge consortium followed by a Chiral HPLC-FD

Biodegradation tends to be enantioselective in contrast to abiotic degradation and it is necessary enantioselective analytical methods to quantify the enantiomeric fraction of chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment for correct risk assessment. In this work, we developed HPLC-FD methods to follow the biodegradation of four beta-blockers: alprenolol , propranolol , metoprolol and atenolol and the antidepressant fluoxetine during 15 days in batch mode. The biodegradation assays were performed using AS from the aerated tanks of a municipal wastewater treatment plant with a singly compound supplementation and a mixture compound supplementation similar to those found in wastewater influents. Abiotic degradation in the presence of light and in the dark was evaluated. Either the low concentration or the mixture effects are situations closer to those found in the environment. The results indicate the higher degradation extents for the S-enantiomer forms, as is shown in Figure 1

Doença cerebrovascular na infância: investigação neuropsicológica em 14 casos

There are few studies about the development of a child after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and they usually describe problems such as diminishing in intellectual capacities, difficulties in linguistic and visual-motor skills, as well as in spatial organization and integration. In this study, there were 28 children participating, being 14 placed in the experimental group (EG) after clinical diagnosis and ischemic CVA imaging, and other 14 children without past history of CVA, who formed the control group (CG). The neuropsychological research protocol included an intelligence test, a visual-motor coordination test, human figure drawing, a cortical functions battery and the medical records of the children from the EG. The analysis of the results of this study revealed that the best performances after the CVA are related to the shortest time of functional recovery; CG presented better performances than EG in all the instruments used, in cognitive, perceptual and motor skills. It has been noticed that CVA may lead to intellectual reduction in case of a recurrence of the vascular insult.Nos poucos estudos acerca do desenvolvimento da criança após o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) são descritos problemas como rebaixamento intelectual, dificuldades na capacidade lingüística, viso-motora, na organização e integração espacial. Neste estudo fizeram parte 28 crianças, sendo 14 pertencentes ao grupo experimental (GE) com diagnóstico clínico e de imagem de AVC isquêmico. Outras 14 crianças sem história de AVC que formaram o grupo controle (GC). O protocolo de investigação neuropsicológica constou de teste de inteligência, teste de coordenação viso-motor, desenho da figura humana, bateria de funções corticais e prontuário médico das crianças do GE. A análise dos resultados deste estudo mostrou que os melhores desempenhos após o AVC, estão relacionados ao menor tempo de recuperação funcional; houve desempenho superior do GC sobre o GE em todos os instrumentos utilizados, nas áreas cognitiva, perceptual e motora. Constatou-se ainda que o AVC pode levar a rebaixamento intelectual, quando ocorre um quadro de repetição do insulto vascular.414

Food lists from the diet of a group of elderly individuals: analysis and perspectives

INTRODUÇÃO: A despeito do aumento expressivo da população idosa nos últimos anos, são escassos os estudos brasileiros relacionados ao consumo alimentar desses indivíduos. OBJETIVOS: Propor uma lista de alimentos mais consumidos por idosos residentes na Zona Leste de São Paulo e analisar os alimentos que contribuem para o consumo de nutrientes relevantes ao estado nutricional e, consequentemente, à saúde dos idosos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 100 indivíduos acima de 60 anos, frequentadores de um centro de referência. Para caracterização do estado nutricional foi calculado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para elaboração das listas de alimentos foram aplicados dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas (RA24h) em duas estações diferentes do ano, que foram analisados quanto à frequência de consumo de cada alimento e quanto à contribuição percentual de energia, macronutrientes, fibras, cálcio e vitamina D. RESULTADOS: Com relação ao estado nutricional, 52% apresentaram o IMC < 28 kg/m²; 15% entre 28 e 30 kg/m²; 26% entre 30 e 35 kg/m² e 7% com IMC &gt; 35 kg/m². O aspecto positivo da dieta foi a preservação de hábitos saudáveis como o consumo de arroz e feijão, e também de vegetais verde-escuros. Como aspecto negativo observou-se que a dieta dos idosos é monótona, pois poucos alimentos contribuem para o consumo de vários nutrientes. Além disso, houve um elevado consumo de carboidratos refinados em detrimento do consumo de alimentos integrais. CONCLUSÕES: As listas de alimentos obtidas, além de permitirem a reflexão sobre intervenções educativas, permitem o desenvolvimento subsequente de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar específico para esse grupo.BACKGROUND: Despite the phenomena of population aging, Brazilian studies related to the feeding practices of elderly individuals are scarce. AIMS: To develop a list of the most ingested foods from community-dwelling elderly persons in the east-zone of São Paulo- Brazil and to analyse the foods that contribute most to relevant health-related nutrients of these individuals. METHODS: The study was performed with 100 individuals aged 60 years and above, registered at a local reference center. To describe the nutritional status, the weight and stature were measured and the BMI- body mass index was calculated. To develop the food lists, two 24h food recalls were applied, during two different seasons of the year. The food recalls were analysed for food intake frequency and for percentage contribution of each food and each nutrient: energy, macronutrients, calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS: The participants were classified as following: 52% with BMI < 28 kg/m²; 15% with BMI between 28 and 30 kg/m²; 26% between 30 and 35 kg/m² and 7% presented BMI&gt; 35 kg/m². The positive aspects related to food intake were rice, bean and green vegetable consumption. As negative aspects, we observed that the diet pattern was repetitive, since few foods contributed to a high number of nutrients. Furthermore, a high ingestion of refined carbohydrates was observed instead of whole foods. CONCLUSION: The food lists allowed reflecting on educative interventions, and also allow future development of different food frequency questionnaires that are specific for this group