Insects as a legitimate food ingredient : barriers & strategies

The very idea of eating insects is the greatest booster of the revulsion feeling towards entomophagy. An inappropriate cultural categorisation of this eating habit has been cultivated by Western societies. The various approaches on promoting invertebrates as a legitimate food habit have been misapplied. Educational efforts have been made unsuccessfully. To address cognitive aversion toward insects, a complete change in the strategic plan must be established. This qualitative explanatory research aims at a full theoretical, and methodologically sustained, understanding of the psychological and cultural drivers that lead to the negative assumptions of the population. The demystification of prejudices and imaginations by promoting normalcy of entomophagy it will stamp the harmful and incoherent disgust image out of the Westerners’ psyche. This study underpins the psycho-cultural strategies along with gastronomic science that must be carried out when this product is introduced in a market where the insect is a culturally unacceptable food.A simples ideia de comer insetos é o maior impulsionador de repulsa em relação à entomofagia. Uma categorização cultural inadequada deste hábito alimentar tem vindo a ser cultivada pelas sociedades ocidentais. As diversas abordagens sobre a promoção de invertebrados como um legítimo hábito alimentar têm sido mal aplicadas. Os esforços educacionais não alcançaram nenhum êxito. Para enfrentar a aversão cognitiva em relação aos insetos, uma mudança completa no plano estratégico deve ser estabelecida. Esta pesquisa qualitativa explicativa tem como objetivo uma plena compreensão teórica, e metodologicamente sustentada, dos impulsores psicológicos e culturais que levam às suposições negativas da população. Desmistificando os preconceitos e as imaginações promovendo a normalidade da entomofagia, esta eliminará a imagem nociva e incoerente de repulsa que se encontra na mente dos ocidentais. Estratégias psico-culturais juntamente com a ciência gastronómica devem ser levadas a cabo quando este produto é introduzido num mercado onde o inseto é um alimento culturalmente inaceitável

Hiking in the landscape - the history of Europeans’ linkage to the landscape by hiking

Since remote times, man has hiked in the landscape, establishing bonds of communication and interconnection between two or more points. Hiking along trails is the means of escape for man, causing changes in the landscape, and making known sites and places. In this paper, the history of the dynamics established between the act of walking and the landscape, along with the changes in society (predominantly since the 18th century), are presented. The existence of paths in nature is older than the very existence of mankind itself. The act of walking has always been associated with the history of man, who has hiked in the landscape looking for food, making pilgrimages, marketing products, promoting sustainable mobility, tourism and healthy recreation, and contributing to the improvement of the population’s quality of life. There is a special connection to the landscape by walking. The paths are areas marked by time and by society. They are understood as a way of reading the landscape. The act of walking is associated with an art in which the pleasure is rather in sensations of the soul [37]. When we walk, we are exclusively dependent on ourselves and completely free to observe and appreciate the landscape as best suits us and with a complete tranquility [30; 37]. Knowledge of the landscape involves movement, and the best form of perceiving and establishing a close relationship with that landscape is walking. Nowadays, there is a significant increase in adherence to outdoor activities, especially walking. People are looking for new ways of being in contact with nature. A restorative effect of nature on man is, indeed, one of the fundamental aspects of this increased demand, and people walk for different reasons. Hiking in the natural landscape assumes a great importance for the maintenance of a healthy body and mind. It is important that we develop future research to improve our knowledge not only about the influence of walking in the natural landscape, related especially to the benefits it has on man’s creativity, but also to improve the knowledge about how to combine modern life with the benefits of walking in nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential diagnosis of developmental defects of enamel : a review

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social network analysis applied to knowledge creation and transfer in the portuguese agricultural R&D field: an exploratory study

Paper presented at the 9th European Conference on Knowledge Management, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK, 4-5 Sep. 2008. URL: http://academic-conferences.org/eckm/eckm2008/eckm08-home.htmThere is growing interest in the nature and scale of scientific collaboration regarding the processes involved with knowledge creation and sharing. One of the possible approaches to developing metrics for this area of research is based on the idea that co-authorship creates a social network of researchers. We present an exploratory study using a social network approach to examine the structure and pattern of knowledge creation and sharing within a Portuguese research community, working in the agricultural field, over the last seven years. The members of this community are with the Instituto Nacional da Investigação Agrária (INIA) which recently became part of a newly created R&D State Laboratory, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos (INRB), under the umbrella of the Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development and Fisheries. The social network analysis used data from an information system containing the results from all the scientific activities developed in the last seven years by the research community working in INIA. The information system was the major result of AGRO 444 - Development of an Information System for Knowledge and Innovation Discovery and Diffusion in the Agro-Rural Sector, a project funded by Measure 8.1 of Programa AGRO, one of the policy instruments of “3º Quadro Comunitário de Apoio” (Third European Framework Aid to Portugal, 2000-2006). From this data, a knowledge network was developed based on co-authorship patterns extracted from the information system, covering the period 2000-2006. This knowledge network supported the analysis of specific paths through which knowledge sharing occurred and by which knowledge capital was nurtured within the agricultural R&D activities of this institution. The present exploratory study is concerned with the creation and evolution of the network at the biggest research unit within INIA, the Estação Agronómica Nacional (EAN). Here, there are over 140 actors developing research activities in the following sub-domains: natural resources and environment; crops protection; eco-physiology, genetic resources and breeding; production technology; post-harvest technology; and agricultural economics, sociology and development. The study seeks to understand the evolutionary process and to analyse the network structure, showing how knowledge creation and transfer takes place within this unit. The identification of such networked co-authorship relationships may suggest ways to more effectively utilize knowledge capital and other resources. It is also expected that this approach could be used to analyse the remaining six INIA units

Percepções de estudantes de medicina e de mentores sobre um programa de tutoria (mentoring) desenvolvido em grupos

Entering medical school can be associated with a number of difficulties that can hinder students' performance. Mentoring programs are designed to help students circumvent difficulties and improve their learning and personal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of both students and mentors regarding a recently introduced, group-based mentoring program designed to support first-year students. After one year of regular meetings, students and mentors' perceptions of the program were assessed by means of structured questionnaires. Response content categories were identified through multiple readings. Both regular attendees and non-participating students had positive opinions about the program. Mentors were highly satisfied at having participated and acknowledged that the program has been useful not only for assisting students, but also for fostering their own personal and professional development. In conclusion, the group-based mentoring program is feasible and can elicit positive views from both mentors and students. In addition, faculty members' participation as mentors can also be beneficial, since the program appears to contribute to their own personal and professional developmentO ingressante na escola médica pode encontrar dificuldades variadas, que afetam seu desempenho. Programas de apoio com mentores podem servir para auxiliar os estudantes e favorecer seu desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico. Neste trabalho avaliamos as percepções de estudantes e de mentores sobre um programa de apoio baseado em grupos e planejado para apoiar estudantes ingressantes. Após um ano de funcionamento regular do programa, as percepções dos estudantes e dos mentores sobre o programa foram avaliadas utilizando questionários estruturados, cuja análise permitiu estabelecer categorias de conteúdo das respostas. Tanto os estudantes que participaram regularmente do programa, como os que não haviam participado expressaram opiniões positivas sobre o programa. Os mentores expressaram alto grau de satisfação em participar do programa e opinaram que o programa vem sendo útil também para auxiliar na formação docente. Concluímos que o programa de apoio ao estudante ingressante, baseado em grupos que operam ao redor de mentores, é viável e efetivo no auxílio ao estudante e pode também contribuir para a formação e o desenvolvimento dos docentes e médicos que participam como mentore

Chiroptical symmetry analysis: exciton chirality-based formulae to understand the chiroptical responses of Cn and Dn symmetric systems

The high sensitivity of chiroptical responses to conformational changes and supramolecular interactions has prompted an increasing interest in the development of chiroptical applications. However, prediction of and understanding the chiroptical responses of the necessary large systems may not be affordable for calculations at high levels of theory. In order to facilitate the development of chiroptical applications, methodologies capable of evaluating the chiroptical responses of large systems are necessary. The exciton chirality method has been extensively used for the interaction between two independent chromophores through the Davydov model. For systems presenting C2 or D2 symmetry, one can get the same results by applying the selection rules. In the present article, the analysis of the selection rules for systems with symmetries Cn and Dn with n = 3 and 4 is used to uncover the origin of their chiroptical responses. We foresee that the use of the Chiroptical Symmetry Analysis (CSA) for systems presenting the symmetries explored herein, as well as for systems presenting higher symmetries will serve as a useful tool for the development of chiroptical applications.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTQ2014-58629-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTQ2013-50575-EXPMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2012-10364Xunta de Galicia | Ref. EM2013/017Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2015/17Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2016/00

Public governance focused on intellectual property: A bibliometric analysis of national and international scientific publications

This study aims to investigate the main national and international theoretical contributions on Public Governance, with a focus on Intellectual Property. The methodology used involved exploratory analysis, based on bibliometric research. The data were collected through the Capes Periodical Portal, namely in the Scopus databases, consisting of a database of citations and neutral abstracts curated by independent sources of specialists in the subject. The obtained result indicated that the combination of the searched terms, "Public Governance" and "Intellectual Property", as a filter in all fields. As a result, it is observed that there are 15 countries more prominent in research on Public Governance and Intellectual Property, led by the USA, standing out with 22.5% of publications. Of the 13 (thirteen) largest areas of knowledge, it can be seen that the three largest areas represent 78% of the publications in the Scopus database. In relation to the largest universities found among the 15 (fifteen), potentially 3 (three) stand out with greater individual percentage representativeness in the publications on the theme of this research. Finally, it was identified that this research contributes to researchers and the scientific community in general, while allowing the reproduction of future research, using other bases, and thus increasing knowledge

Habilidades socioemocionales y cognitivas: relaciones con el rendimiento escolar en la escuela primaria

Diversos construtos têm se mostrado bons preditores do desempenho escolar. Entretanto, estudos anteriores têm se concentrado em apenas parte desses preditores, dificultando a compreensão de sua interação para predição do desempenho escolar. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar as associações (correlações), predições (regressões lineares) e dinâmicas das relações (análises de rede) de variáveis preditoras (inteligência, IE, personalidade e funções executivas) do desempenho escolar (português, matemática e geral) em crianças e adolescentes no ensino fundamental. Um total de 133 estudantes foram submetidos a instrumentos de avaliação das habilidades preditoras e das medidas de desempenho considerados neste estudo. Por meio de análises de regressão constatou-se a inteligência emocional e o raciocínio abstrato como os principais preditores positivos do desempenho escolar, e o traço de abertura/amabilidade como preditor positivo do desempenho geral e matemática. Resultados corroborados pelos indicadores de centralidade estimados por meio das análises de rede. Este estudo avança ao considerar diversas variáveis concomitantemente.Se ha demostrado que varios constructos son buenos predictores del rendimiento escolar. Sin embargo, los estudios anteriores se han centrado solo en parte de estos predictores, lo que dificulta comprender su interacción para predecir el rendimiento escolar. Este estudio verificó las asociaciones (correlaciones), predicciones (regresiones lineales) y dinámicas de las relaciones (análisis de redes) de las variables predictoras (inteligencia fluida, inteligencia emocional, rasgos de personalidad y control inhibitorio) del rendimiento escolar (portugués, matemáticas y general) en niños y adolescentes en la escuela primaria. Un total de 133 alumnos fueron sometidos a instrumentos para evaluar las habilidades predictivas y las medidas de rendimiento consideradas en este estudio. Mediante el análisis de regresión se observó la inteligencia emocional y el razonamiento abstracto como los principales predictores positivos del rendimiento escolar, y el rasgo de apertura/amabilidad como un predictor positivo del rendimiento general y de matemáticas. Los resultados fueron corroborados por indicadores de centralidad estimados a través de análisis de redes. Este estudio avanza al considerar varias variables de manera concurrente.Diversos construtos têm se mostrado bons preditores do desempenho escolar. Entretanto, estudos anteriores têm se concentrado em apenas parte desses preditores, dificultando a compreensão de sua interação para predição do desempenho escolar. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar as associações (correlações), predições (regressões lineares) e dinâmicas das relações (análises de rede) de variáveis preditoras (inteligência, IE, personalidade e funções executivas) do desempenho escolar (português, matemática e geral) em crianças e adolescentes no ensino fundamental. Um total de 133 estudantes foram submetidos a instrumentos de avaliação das habilidades preditoras e das medidas de desempenho considerados neste estudo. Por meio de análises de regressão constatou-se a inteligência emocional e o raciocínio abstrato como os principais preditores positivos do desempenho escolar, e o traço de abertura/amabilidade como preditor positivo do desempenho geral e matemática. Resultados corroborados pelos indicadores de centralidade estimados por meio das análises de rede. Este estudo avança ao considerar diversas variáveis concomitantemente

Relacionamentos universidade – empresa: problemática e perspectivas

Nos últimos anos o conceito de inovação alterou-se consideravelmente. Várias abordagens teóricas sustentam que as empresas não inovam isoladas e que a inovação surge como um processo complexo evolucionário e interactivo de aprendizagem, realizado com a contribuição de variados agentes económicos e sociais que possuem acesso a diferentes tipos de informações e conhecimentos. Neste trabalho, evidenciam-se os relacionamentos dos relacionamentos externos no estímulo da inovação empresarial, destacando-se os relacionamentos estabelecidos entre a universidade e o tecido empresarial. Dado que este tipo de relacionamentos proporcionam às empresas vantagens indiscutíveis no âmbito da inovação. No obstante, existem problemas neste tipo de relacionamentos, que urge identificar e solucionar. Assim, esta investigação tem por finalidade apresentar os contributos e as vantagens associadas aos relacionamentos estabelecidos entre as universidades e as empresas, bem como, descrever os principais problemas resultantes desses relacionamentos. Por fim, apresentam-se as perspectivas futuras de desenvolvimento da investigação, com recurso a estudos de caso