Femmes : espaces acquis, espace permis à l’heure de la réforme agraire au Brésil

L'annonce du Premier Plan national de réforme agraire en mai 1985 suscite la mobilisation des masses populaires à la campagne. Petits producteurs, paysans sans terre et ouvriers agricoles revendiquent l'accès à la terre. Les auteures analysent la participation des femmes à ce mouvement, aussi bien sur le plan institutionnel que non institutionnel. À partir d'une enquête menée auprès d'une « invasion » dans l'état de Rio de Janeiro, elles s'interrogent sur le rôle des femmes dans l'organisation des campements et la consolidation de la propriété proprement dite. Les auteures examinent également l'émergence d'un mouvement autonome fort, parmi les femmes du sud du pays, axé sur la reconnaissance du statut d'agricultrice.The announcement of the First National Plan for Agrarian Reform in May 1985 led to the mobilization of Brazil's rural dwellers. Small producers, landless peasants and agricultural workers all claimed their rights of access to the land. This article addresses women's participation in this movement, both at the institutional level and in non institutionalized groupings. Using the results of field work carried out after a popular « invasion » in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the authors explore the roles of women in the organization of the encampments and in the consolidation of formal ownership of land. The emergence of a strong autonomous movement among rural women from southern Brazil, calling for the recognition of women as agriculturalists in their own right, is also examined

Trabalho, "ajuda" e disputas: uma etnografia das confecções de lingerie em domicílios rurais

The rural area in the State of Rio de Janeiro presents activities other than the already known rural ones, which is a stimulus to new social reproduction strategies and to create new social identities. The making of intimate clothes for women (lingerie) belongs to the textile industry of Nova Friburgo, RJ, the second in rank in this kind of industry in Brazil. This production is reported to be informal and centered in the familiar labor in its majority, centered in domestic offices scattered all over the rural small area. The present text presents a description and analysis of how those domestic offices work in the rural area, and the dynamics of their social relations that support them not only in the domestic sphere but also in the “community”.O meio rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro é marcado, atualmente, pelo crescimento de atividades não-agrícolas, estimulador de novas estratégias de reprodução social e mobilizador de novas identidades sociais. A confecção de peças íntimas do vestuário feminino (a lingerie) é uma especialidade da indústria têxtil no município de Nova Friburgo, ocupando o segundo lugar nesse setor no Brasil. Essa produção se caracteriza por ser realizada, em grande parte, por oficinas domésticas, de caráter informal e centradas no trabalho familiar espalhadas pelas localidades rurais. O presente artigo apresenta uma descrição e análise do funcionamento dessas pequenas confecções domésticas em um povoado rural com ênfase na dinâmica das relações sociais que sustentam esse funcionamento seja no espaço doméstico seja no âmbito da “comunidade”

Use of Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Recycled Aggregate in Contact with Nonwoven Geotextiles: Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Upon Installation

The recycling and reuse of materials is crucial to reducing the amount of generated waste and the exploitation of natural resources, contributing to achieving environmental sustainability. During the incineration process of municipal solid waste, a residue known as incinerator bottom ash is generated in considerable amounts, being important the development of solutions for its valorization. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with incinerator bottom ash and, for comparison purposes, with three natural aggregates (sand 0/4, gravel 4/8 and tout-venant) and a standard aggregate (corundum). Damage assessment was carried out by monitoring the changes that occurred in the short-term tensile and puncture behaviors of the geotextiles. Results showed that the damage induced by incinerator bottom ash on the short-term mechanical behavior of the geotextiles tended to be lower than the damage induced by the natural aggregates or by the standard aggregate. Therefore, concerning the mechanical damage caused on geotextiles, there are good prospects for the use of incinerator bottom ash as a filling material in contact with those construction materials, thereby promoting its valorization

De Augusta Emerita a Olisipo: proposta de traçado para o primeiro troço da via XII do Itinerário de Antonino

Apresentam-se as propostas de traçado para a entrada no território português das três vias romanas mencionadas no Itinerário de Antonino, roteiro viário do século III d.C. Conjugando diversas fontes e metodologias de análise, apontam-se os troços viários ainda conservados

Effect of Different Aggregates on the Mechanical Damage Suffered by Geotextiles

The installation process of geosynthetics can be, in some applications, one of the most relevant degradation mechanisms of these construction materials, affecting their performance and useful lifetime. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles with different masses per unit area were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with corundum and with different natural aggregates. The damage occurred in the geotextiles was evaluated by visual inspection and by monitoring changes in their short-term tensile and puncture behaviors (mechanical properties) and in their water permeability behavior normal to the plane (hydraulic property). The mechanical damage under repeated loading tests provoked relevant changes in the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geotextiles. These changes depended on the mass per unit area of the geotextiles and on the characteristics of the aggregates. The results enabled the establishment of a correlation between the loss of mechanical strength and the variation of the water permeability normal to the plane of the geotextiles

CIDADES FRACTAIS: AS FRONTEIRAS URBANAS E SUAS CORRELAÇÕES COM A VIOLÊNCIA URBANA. ESTUDO DE CASO DA CIDADE DE RIO CLARO/SP

O sistema capitalista adotou em escala mundial o processo de gentrificação para valorizar espaços urbanos e estrategicamente transformá-los em lucrativas mercadorias. Surgem as cidades fractais que ampliam as discussões sobre o conceito de fronteira, em especial, no espaço urbano. A gentrificação é vista como uma nova fronteira urbana que em muitas cidad

Da originalidade ao plágio e vice-versa: os limites e expressões da criação artística

Appropriation and plagiarism have been themes much debated in the last century. Since the emergence of Duchamp's ready-mades in the first half of the twentieth century, it has become impossible to ignore the issue of the use, by certain artists, of works or concepts developed by others. The phenomenon already existed previously, but with Marcel Duchamp it began to be debated critically in the bosom of the art and generally by the public. What makes an artist the author of his work of art? What relation exists between authorship and interpretation of meaning, that makes the work of art to be interpreted in the light of the artist's meanings? This article seeks, through the objectivity of the concepts, to research, debate and explore the interconnection between appropriation, plagiarism and artistic originality.A apropriação e o plágio têm sido temáticas muito debatidas no último século. Desde o aparecimento dos ready-mades de Duchamp, na primeira metade do século XX, que se tornou impossível ignorar a questão da utilização por parte de determinados artistas, de obras ou conceitos desenvolvidos por outros. O fenómeno já existia anteriormente, mas com Marcel Duchamp passou a ser debatido criticamente no seio da arte e genericamente pelo público. O que faz de um artista o autor da sua obra de arte? Que relação existe entre autoria e significado que faz com que a obra de arte deva ser interpretada à luz dos significados do artista? Este artigo procura, através da objetividade dos conceitos, pesquisar, debater e explorar a interligação entre a apropriação, o plágio e a originalidade artística.in publicatio

Resistance of Geosynthetics against the Isolated and Combined Effect of Mechanical Damage under Repeated Loading and Abrasion

The behaviour of materials used for developing engineering structures should be properly foreseen during the design phase. Regarding geosynthetics, which are construction materials used in a wide range of engineering structures, the installation on site and the action of many degradation agents during service life may promote changes in their properties, endangering the structures in which they are applied. The evaluation of the damage suffered by geosynthetics, like installation damage or abrasion, is often carried out through laboratory tests. This work studied the behaviour of five geosynthetics (three geotextiles and two geogrids) after being individually and successively exposed to two degradation tests: mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion. The short-term mechanical and hydraulic behaviours of the geosynthetics were analysed by performing tensile tests and water permeability normal to the plane tests. Reduction factors were determined based on the changes occurred in the tensile strength of the geosynthetics. Findings showed that mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion tended to affect the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geosynthetics and that the reduction factors calculated according to the traditional method may not be able to represent accurately the damage suffered by the materials when exposed successively to the degradation mechanisms

Dental diversity patterns: relevance in portuguese military population

This research’s purpose was to build a dental database of a Portuguese military population, to know the frequency and distribution of different medical conditions or pathologies found in each dental piece. In order to meet the goals, this study was based on a sample of 1636 professional military people of the Portuguese Armed Forces. Dental data was collected using the Forensic Dental Symbols® and Dental Encoder® database, Microsoft Excel, and SPSS v.23. Teeth were named following the FDI notation system. The analyzed sample population was composed of 83.4% of men and 16.6% of women. The age group with most individuals was 23 - 27 years with a frequency of 32%. The most frequent code in the 32 teeth was “unrestored”. The younger group (≤32 years) had healthier teeth and less missing teeth. Although inconclusive, the dental condition allows individuals classification based on age. The short variability of dental conditions found in the sample, which reflects the population under study, restricts the analysis and, hence, the number of inferences that could be drawn. Studying more heterogenic populations could provide more conclusive results and extraction of additional knowledge from the sample.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio