Osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a bifosfonatos: revisión sistemática

En los últimos años se ha descrito una nueva complicación en la terapia con bifosfonatos: la osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Esta complicación no había sido detectada en los ensayos clínicos previos. En esta revisión sistemática de 340 casos, los pacientes afectados presentan como diagnóstico primario principalmente: mieloma múltiple (51,2%), cáncer de mama (31,4%), cáncer de próstata (7,1%) y osteoporosis (4,1%). La mandíbula resulta más afectada que el maxilar, con el 59,1%. La relación entre género femenino y masculino es de 2:2,6. El pamidronato es el bifosfonato más asociado a los casos de osteonecrosis (35,3%). Los factores de riesgos desencadenantes incluyen: exposición a bifosfonatos, infecciones orales, traumas, procedimientos quirúrgicos orales previos y terapias contra el cáncer (quimioterapia, corticoides y otros agentes citostáticos). La alteración en el equilibrio óseo, factores antiangiogénicos, inhibición en el ciclo celular de los queratinocitos y mecanismos osteolíticos generados en la infección podrían explicar la etiopatogenia en el desarrollo de esta complicación

The planktonic ciliate community and its relationship with the environmental conditions and water quality in two bays of the Beagle Channel, Argentina

The relationship between the ciliate community and the environmental variables in Ushuaia and Golondrina bays (54º79′S 68º22′W and 54º85′S 68º36′W, respectively) in the Beagle Channel, Argentina was investigated. The study was performed inthree zones within the bays, previously delimited on the basis of their water quality. The most perturbed sites were located inshore. In order to analyse the contribution of each species to the similarity or dissimilarity between zones, similarity percentages analysis was undertaken using the Bray-Curtis similarity index. The variations in species composition and dominance in the selected zones were examined by the abundance–biomass comparison plot. We also studied the relationship between environmental and ciliates variability. The ciliate community comprised a total of 43 species belonging to 15 genera. Ciliate abundance and biomass varied temporally and spatially. A more diverse community dominated by small and opportunistic species tolerant to environmental changes was found in the most perturbed zone, while in the less stressed zone the community comprised bigger species, probably adapted to more stable environmental conditions. A community comprising species from both zones was found in a transitional area. We conclude that the structure of the community varied closely with environmental conditions.Fil: Barria, Maria Sonia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: López Abbate, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografia (i); ArgentinaFil: Pettigrosso, R. E. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Hoffmeyer, Monica Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Analysis of the perception of conflict and its positive resolution in university students

This research aimed to analyze the perception of conflict in universities and the ways of dealing with it in relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The research was developed from a quantitative approach in three universities in two European countries: the University of Murcia and Complutense University of Madrid (Spain) and University of Minho (Portugal). The sample consisted of 247 university students and the technique used was an ad hoc survey administered online. Among the main research results we can highlight that (a) the perception of conflict is mostly negative; (b) there are predictive variables in the positive view of conflict; and (c) university students clearly identify the peaceful resolution of conflicts with some of the Sustainable Development Goals. The main conclusions are that conflict is inherent to any organization and the university must be sensitive to the conflicts that occur within it. It is therefore necessary to create intra-university mediation services as a conflict resolution resource for the entire university community. Training and a positive view of conflict favors the construction of a citizenry capable of dialogue and of resolving the conflicts that arise in their adult life.This research work is the result of the Eramus+ LIMEdiat− Licence Européenne en Médiation pour l’Inclusion Sociale (European Degree in Mediation for Social Inclusion) project -2020-1-FR01-KA203-079934, with the participation of the University of Minho (Portugal), the University of Murcia (Spain), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) (France), and the Universitat Degli Studi di Cagliari (Italy). The total budget of the research project was 304,066 €

Müller cyst: report of a case in pregnancy

Müller cysts are alterations in the development of sexual cords and remain as malformations associated with them. They can occur in many morphological varieties. In the case of pregnancy, vaginal tumors can complicate labor because they cause obstruc-tion of the canal. During labor, these alterations can complicate the diagnosis and proper management of pregnancy. A 22-year-old female, who came to the hospital at 30.1 weeks of gestation for the first time, due to obstetric pain, vaginal tumor was detected, the patient triggered preterm labor, which did not address medical management based on oral and intravenous uteroinhibitors, so a cesarean is decided, later in the puerperium magnetic resonance was performed finding a defect in the vaginal wall, compatible with probable Müller's cyst. Due to its low frequency but high impact on pregnancy, vaginal tumors are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, due to their embryological origin should be detected and advise on the consequences of them. As a result, some other alterations may coexist, which is why complementary studies are essential. In the pregnancy protocol, the proper location of the cysts guides us to a specific embryological origin, as well as a preventive intervention can be planned in cases like this. If these patients are asymptomatic, surgical intervention is not required, much less during pregnancy unless an obstetric indication for interruption is determined

Detection of selection signatures in farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using dense genome-wide information

Animal domestication and artificial selection give rise to gradual changes at the genomic level in populations. Subsequent footprints of selection, known as selection signatures or selective sweeps, have been traced in the genomes of many animal livestock species by exploiting variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns and/or reduction of genetic diversity. Domestication of most aquatic species is recent in comparison with land animals, and salmonids are one of the most important fish species in aquaculture. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cultivated primarily in Chile, has been subjected to breeding programs to improve growth, disease resistance traits, and flesh color. This study aimed to identify selection signatures that may be involved in adaptation to culture conditions and traits of productive interest. To do so, individuals of two domestic populations cultured in Chile were genotyped with 200 thousand SNPs, and analyses were conducted using iHS, XP-EHH and CLR. Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across both populations. Some of the identified regions under selection contained genes such anapc2, alad, chp2 and myn, which have been previously associated with body weight in Atlantic salmon, or sec24d and robo1, which have been associated with resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis in coho salmon. Findings in our study can contribute to an integrated genome-wide map of selection signatures, to help identify the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in coho salmon

Lectura de pseudopalabras en árabe y español

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar las diferencias entre la lectura de palabras en alumnos ecuatorianos y argelinos en Educación Primaria. La muestra está formada por un grupo de 128 alumnos de una escuela de Ecuador y por otro grupo de 113 alumnos de una escuela de Argel, pertenecientes a una clase social media y sin necesidades educativas especiales. Los participantes fueron evaluados en lectura de pseudopalabras en primero y segundo curso de Educación Primaria. Las palabras utilizadas en español fueron adaptadas al árabe, teniendo en cuenta la longitud y frecuencia de cada una de ellas en esta lengua. Se llevó a cabo un diseño factorial mixto 2x2, donde el factor intersujeto fue el tipo de lengua según la consistencia ortográfica (transparente y opaca) y el factor intrasujeto el nivel educativo (primero y segundo curso de educación primaria). Los resultados del ANOVA de medidas repetidas en un factor muestran efectos significativos de ambos factores (tipo de lengua y nivel educativo) y de su interacción. Se encontró mejor precisión lectora de pseudopalabras en los niños de lengua árabe en ambos niveles educativos, un aumento de la lectura de pseudopalabras entre los dos cursos en las dos lenguas, siendo más intenso en español, y una menor diferencia en lectura de pseudopalabras entre lenguas en segundo curso. Estos resultados van en la línea de aquellos estudios que defienden las diferencias en la adquisición de la lectura en lenguas de distinta consistencia, pero no concuerdan con aquellos que apuntan que las lenguas opacas son más tardías. Se resalta la necesidad de analizar las diferencias en otras edades más tempranas y en otras medidas lectoras, controlando el grado de consistencia lingüística.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Comparación de las escalas APACHE II y BISAP en el pronóstico de pancreatitis aguda en un hospital del Perú: Comparison of the APACHE II and BISAP scales in the prognosis of acute pancreatitis in a hospital of Peru

Introduction:  Acute pancreatitis continue to be a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. It is diagnosed by clinical criteria and the inflammatory process can lead to organ failure. The objective of the present study was to compare the scales of APACHE II and BISAP in the development of organic failure in acute pancreatitis from a public hospital of Perú. Pacients and methods: An analytical from validation of a diagnostic test. There were clinical records of patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the Internal Medicine service and the Intensive Care Unit were evaluated. The APACHE II and BISAP scales were applied and the ROC curve, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive and negative predictive value was calculated for each one. SPSSv23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Were reviewed 146 stories that met the inclusion criteria. An area under the curve of 0.957 was obtained for BISAP and 0.996 for APACHE II; with a sensitivity and specificity for APACHE II of 83% and  99%,  for BISAP of 66% and 99%. In addition, the positive and negative predictive value for APACHE II is 83% and 99% ,  for BISAP 80% and 98% . Conclusion: The APACHE II scale was superior for detecting organ failure. It was determined that both scales have high specificity, however the APACHE II scale presented a higher sensitivity than the BISAP scale.Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda continúa siendo una enfermedad con morbilidad y mortalidad significativas. Se diagnostica mediante criterios clínicos y el proceso inflamatorio puede llegar hasta una falla de órganos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar las escalas de APACHE II y BISAP en el desarrollo de falla orgánica en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda de un hospital público del Perú. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de validación de prueba diagnóstica. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados con el diagnostico de pancreatitis aguda en el servicio de Medicina Interna y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se aplicó las escalas APACHE II y BISAP, se calculó la curva ROC, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el SPSSv23. Resultados: Se evaluaron 146 historias de pacientes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0.957 para BISAP y 0.996 para APACHE II; con una sensibilidad y especificidad para APACHE II de 83% y 99%,  para BISAP de 66% y 99%. El valor predictivo positivo y negativo para APACHE II es 83% and 99% y para BISAP 80% y 98%. Conclusiones: La escala de APACHE II fue superior para detectar falla de órganos. Se determinó que ambas escalas poseen alta especificidad, siendo mayor la sensibilidad en la escala BISAP

Reproduction in the externally brooding sea anemone Epiactis georgiana in the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea

14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tablesExternal parental care is uncommon among actiniarians but common in Epiactis species. Here, several aspects of reproduction are analyzed for of one of them, Epiactis georgiana. Samples were collected in December, January, February, March, and April in the Antarctic Peninsula and the eastern Weddell Sea, during 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2003. Most sexually mature individuals of E. georgiana are male or female, but some are hermaphrodites. This is the first report of hermaphroditism in E. georgiana, which is the third species of the genus with this sexual pattern. The results suggest that oogenesis starts in December and that at least two generations of oocytes overlap; a third generation is often brooded externally. Putative fertilization is likely internal, and larvae and/or embryos are externally brooded on the distal part of the adult column until an advanced developmental stage. Apparently E. georgiana reproduces seasonally, probably releasing the embryos/larvae in the last months of the austral spring (December). Inter-individual variability was observed in gametogenesis. In addition, specimens from the Antarctic Peninsula were larger than those from the Weddell Sea. This study represents the first step in understanding the reproductive mode of E. georgianaSpecial thanks are addressed to Prof. Dr. Wolf Arntz (Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany) who made possible our participation in several Antarctic projects and cruises. We extend our acknowledgements to the officers and crew of the R/V Polarstern and many colleagues on board during the EASIZ, ANDEEP, and BENDEX cruises for their valuable assistance. Thanks to M. Conradi (Universidad de Sevilla) who collected a considerable amount of the material analyzed in this manuscript. Comments from M. Daly, D. Fautin, and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved this manuscript. Support was provided by a MCT-CSICgrant (I3P-BPD2001-1) to E. Rodríguez and Spanish CICYT projects: ANT97-1533-E, ANT98-1739-E, ANT99-1608-E, REN2001-4269-E/ANT, REN2003-04236, and CGL2004-20141-E. This is a contribution to the SCAR program, Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone (EASIZ) and ANDEEP contribution 159Peer reviewe

Intra-university mediation on the road to the sustainable development goals: a systematic review

Mediation as a formula for resolving conflicts is becoming increasingly relevant internationally as a mechanism for a peaceful conflict resolution. In Europe, many countries are enacting legal regulations, and European directives promote the use of mediation to resolve disputes between individuals, companies, institutions, etc. Mediation has a wide range of possibilities in terms of fields of action: family, judicial, school, community, etc. One of those becoming increasingly relevant is intra-university mediation, as a mechanism for resolving conflicts between the people/agents involved, among the students themselves and their peers. Moreover, mediation is related to education and the culture of peace, which are critical aspects of a more autonomous and independent society that can solve conflicts. Bearing in mind the possibilities provided by mediation and as a horizon for intra-university mediation, we propose a systematic review that pivots on three axes: a) conflict and mediation as a means to resolve dissent; b) intra-university mediation, experiences, and possibilities; c) intra-university mediation and its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals. To do so, a systematic review has been carried out in scientific databases using a qualitative methodologyin order to identify the role of mediation in the university environment and the benefits that the university community and society can obtain. Among the main findings is the evidence that educational mediation at the university level is viable and is widely developed internationally

A New Optical Density Granulometry-Based Descriptor for the Classification of Prostate Histological Images Using Shallow and Deep Gaussian Processes

[EN] Background and objective Prostate cancer is one of the most common male tumors. The increasing use of whole slide digital scanners has led to an enormous interest in the application of machine learning techniques to histopathological image classification. Here we introduce a novel family of morphological descriptors which, extracted in the appropriate image space and combined with shallow and deep Gaussian process based classifiers, improves early prostate cancer diagnosis. Method We decompose the acquired RGB image in its RGB and optical density hematoxylin and eosin components. Then, we define two novel granulometry-based descriptors which work in both, RGB and optical density, spaces but perform better when used on the latter. In this space they clearly encapsulate knowledge used by pathologists to identify cancer lesions. The obtained features become the inputs to shallow and deep Gaussian process classifiers which achieve an accurate prediction of cancer. Results We have used a real and unique dataset. The dataset is composed of 60 Whole Slide Images. For a five fold cross validation, shallow and deep Gaussian Processes obtain area under ROC curve values higher than 0.98. They outperform current state of the art patch based shallow classifiers and are very competitive to the best performing deep learning method. Models were also compared on 17 Whole Slide test Images using the FROC curve. With the cost of one false positive, the best performing method, the one layer Gaussian process, identifies 83.87% (sensitivity) of all annotated cancer in the Whole Slide Image. This result corroborates the quality of the extracted features, no more than a layer is needed to achieve excellent generalization results. Conclusion Two new descriptors to extract morphological features from histological images have been proposed. They collect very relevant information for cancer detection. From these descriptors, shallow and deep Gaussian Processes are capable of extracting the complex structure of prostate histological images. The new space/descriptor/classifier paradigm outperforms state-of-art shallow classifiers. Furthermore, despite being much simpler, it is competitive to state-of-art CNN architectures both on the proposed SICAPv1 database and on an external databaseThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through project DPI2016-77869. The Titan V used for this research was donated by the NVIDIA CorporationEsteban, AE.; López-Pérez, M.; Colomer, A.; Sales, MA.; Molina, R.; Naranjo Ornedo, V. (2019). A New Optical Density Granulometry-Based Descriptor for the Classification of Prostate Histological Images Using Shallow and Deep Gaussian Processes. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 178:303-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.07.003S30331717