Ambiente obesogênico universitário: achados de uma cidade brasileira

Introduction: The environment may influence negatively the quality of individuals’ food consumption, constituting the so-called obesogenic environments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the types of food retailers and the availability of foods according to the degree of industrial processing, inside and around the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, at Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Methods: This exploratory study evaluated all food retailers located within a buffer with a 500 meters radius. Data of latitude and longitude of the establishments and information about the sold foods were collected. The establishments were grouped according to their characteristics and the processing level of the most part of the marketed foods. Fisher's exact test were used to test the association between the type of establishment and the degree of processing of the most part of the sold food. To evaluate agglomerations, Kernel density maps were used. Results: The researchers evaluated 39 food retailers, offering predominantly ultra-processed food and concentrated in the center of the studied area. Conclusion: It is observed that the food environment in which students and university employees are exposed can be characterized with a low nutritional quality.Introdução: O contexto em que as populações vivem pode influenciar negativamente a qualidade da sua alimentação, constituindo os chamados ambientes obesogênicos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os tipos de comércios existentes e a disponibilidade de alimentos comercializados em relação ao seu grau de processamento industrial, dentro e ao redor da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo exploratório, no qual foram avaliados todos os comércios de alimentos localizados dentro de um buffer de raio de 500 metros. Foram coletados dados de latitude e longitude dos estabelecimentos e informações dos alimentos comercializados. Os estabelecimentos foram agrupados de acordo com suas características e de acordo com grau de processamento da maioria dos alimentos vendidos. Utilizou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher para testar a associação entre tipo de estabelecimento e grau de processamento da predominância dos alimentos comercializados. Para avaliar possíveis aglomerações, foram feitos mapas de densidade de Kernel. Resultados: Foram avaliados 39 comércios que ofereciam, predominantemente, alimentos ultraprocessados e aglomeravam-se no centro da área estudada. Conclusão: Observa-se que o ambiente alimentar no qual os frequentadores da instituição estão expostos pode ser classificado como ambiente não promotor de uma alimentação saudáve

Association between self-control and health risk behaviors: a cross-sectional study with 9th grade adolescents in São Paulo.

BACKGROUND: Self-control (SC) has been consistently found associated with diverse health risk behaviors (HRBs), but little research refers to low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is evidence that some HRBs tend to aggregate, however studies with the specific purpose of addressing the relation between SC and multiple health risk behaviors (MHRBs) are rare. The objective of this study is to analyze these associations and provide evidence to help filling these gaps. METHODS: A sample of 2106 9th grade students from the city of São Paulo responded a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. We tested the association of SC measured as an ordinal variable with four levels (higher, high, medium and low) with six HRBs (binge drinking, marijuana use, smoking, high consumption of ultra-processed food, sedentary behavior and bullying perpetration), in both separated and aggregated forms (MHRBs), controlling for potential confounders. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between exposure (SC) and single outcomes. In order to analyze the association of SC with MHRBs, multinomial logistic regression was employed. RESULTS: SC was associated with five of six HRBs investigated and with MHRBs. The effect size of the association of SC and MHRBs increased in a steep pattern with accumulation of more HRBs. CONCLUSION: Low self-control is associated with most HRBs investigated and the magnitude of the association increases when more than two or three HRBs are accumulated. There seems to be a group of adolescents in a position of pronounced vulnerability for MHRBs. This should be considered when designing public policy and prevention programs. In contexts of limited or scarce resources and public funds, interventions focusing the most vulnerable groups, instead of universal interventions, should be considered

Mudanças no peso corporal na coorte NutriNet Brasil durante a pandemia de covid-19

Este estudo descreve modificações no peso corporal de participantes da coorte NutriNet Brasil (n = 14.259) ocorridas durante a pandemia de covid-19. Foram analisados dados informados em período anterior ao início da pandemia (26/01/2020 a 18/03/2020) e cerca de 6 meses após (14/09/2020 a 19/10/2020). O ganho de peso ≥ 2 kg alcançou 19,7% dos participantes, mostrando-se diretamente associado ao sexo masculino, à menor escolaridade e à presença prévia de excesso de peso, sendo inversamente associado à idade. A perda de peso ≥ 2kg alcançou 15,2% dos participantes, mostrando-se diretamente associada ao sexo masculino e à presença prévia de excesso de peso, sendo inversamente associada à idade.This study describes body weight changes among participants of the NutriNet Brasil cohort(n = 14,259) during the covid-19 pandemic. We analyzed data reported before the pandemic onset(01/26/2020 to 03/18/2020) and about six months after (09/14/2020 to 10/19/2020). Our resultsshow that 19.7% of the participants gained ≥ 2 kg. Weight gain was directly associated withmale gender, lower education, and previous presence of overweight, and inversely associatedwith age. In turn, 15.2% lost ≥ 2kg, being directly associated with male gender and previouspresence of overweight and inversely associated with age

Changes in dietary markers during the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate changes in the Brazilian population’s diet and its determinants duringthe covid-19 pandemic.METHODS: We used diet data collected by the Datafolha Institute in 2019 (n = 1,384), 2020(n =1,214), and 2021 (n = 1,459) from independent and representative samples of the adult population (aged 18 to 55 years) from all socioeconomic classes and geographic regions of Brazil. Food consumption was measured by checking the consumption of 22 sets of food on the day before the survey. The third cycle also included questions about changes in eating habits during the pandemic. We estimated the prevalence of consumption of the food sets in each cycle of the survey and used statistical tests for comparisons of proportions between the three cycles.RESULTS: Between 2019 and 2020, we observed a significant increase in the consumption of cereals, milk, packaged snacks or salty cookies, and industrialized sauces, as opposed to a decrease in the consumption of eggs. Between 2019 and 2021 and between 2020 and 2021, on the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the consumption of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and industrialized fruit juices and an increase in the consumption of soda, sweets, cookies, sausages, industrialized sauces, and ready meals. When asked about the main changesin the purchase and preparation of meals, 46.3% of the respondents reported consuming morefood prepared at home during the pandemic. Regarding changes in eating habits, 48.6% of therespondents reported a change in their eating habits during the pandemic. The main reasons for such changes were greater concern with health (39.1%) and self-reported decreased family income (30.2%).CONCLUSIONS: The covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the diet of the population, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods was reported for that period.OBJETIVO: Analisar mudanças na alimentação da população brasileira e seus determinantes durante a pandemia de covid-19. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de alimentação coletados pelo instituto Datafolha, em 2019 (n = 1.384), 2020 (n = 1.214) e 2021 (n = 1.459), de amostras independentes e representativas da população adulta (entre 18 e 55 anos) de todas as classes socioeconômicas e regiões geográficas do Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi aferido por meio da verificação do consumo de 22 conjuntos de alimentos no dia anterior à pesquisa. No terceiro ciclo, também foram incluídas questões sobre mudanças nos hábitos alimentares durante a pandemia. Estimou-se a prevalência de consumo dos conjuntos de alimentos em cada ciclo da pesquisa e foram utilizados testes estatísticos para comparações de proporções entre os três ciclos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, entre 2019 e 2020, aumento significativo no consumo de cereais, leite, salgadinhos de pacote ou biscoitos salgados e molhos industrializados, em contraponto à diminuição do consumo de ovos. Entre 2019 e 2021 e entre 2020 e 2021, por outro lado, houve diminuição significativa no consumo de cereais, hortaliças, frutas e sucos de fruta industrializados e aumento no consumo de refrigerante, biscoito doce, recheado ou bolinho de pacote, embutidos, molhos industrializados e refeições prontas. Quando questionados sobre as principais mudanças na compra e preparo das refeições, 46,3% dos entrevistados relataram consumir mais alimentos preparados em casa durante a pandemia. Em relação a mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, 48,6% dos entrevistados relataram alteração na alimentação durante a pandemia. Os principais motivos para tais mudanças foram maior preocupação com a saúde (39,1%) e autorrelato de diminuição da renda familiar (30,2%). CONCLUSÕES: A pandemia de covid-19 teve impacto negativo na alimentação da população, e foi reportado aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados durante esse período

Exploratory study on internal recycling of crude glycerol for biodiesel production: Catalyst replacement

The present study evaluated the recycling of crude glycerol as source of catalyst for biodiesel production. For that purpose, two sets of experiments were conducted. In the first set A, biodiesel was synthesized by conventional methanolysis of sunflower oil using NaOH as catalyst at 65 degrees C during 1 h and varying catalyst concentration (0.4-1.2 wt%) or methanol to oil mole ratio (6:1-12:1). The second set (B) was performed by replicating the conditions of set A and considering the use of crude glycerol as source of catalyst. The evaluation of excess methanol and catalyst distribution in the crude products was performed. For both sets of experiments, product yield and quality (viscosity and purity) were determined. Methanol was predominantly in the glycerol phase (54-68%), with negligible effect of variation in catalyst concentration and higher percentages found when higher methanol to oil mole ratios were used, due to a higher polarity of this phase. In most cases, catalyst was predominantly in the crude glycerol (53 wt. % in average) and no clear relation was found between catalyst distribution and the different reaction conditions studied. The results from set A showed a clear influence of catalyst concentration in biodiesel conversion and a minor effect of methanol to oil molar ratio. The best conditions were 6:1 methanol to oil mole ratio and 0.6 wt. % of catalyst leading to a product yield of 95.1 wt. %, a purity of 99.3% and a viscosity of 4.59 ma The second set of experiments, B, showed different trends and variability compared to the first one, and the results indicated that catalyst might be altered during glycerol storage. It was found that the methanol to oil mole ratio affected the reaction conversion, with the highest purity (96.9 wt. %) being obtained when the highest mole ratio was used (12:1), possibly due to the reduced mass transfer limitations. Overall, the results clearly show the potential of using crude glycerol as source of catalyst, avoiding the use of new catalyst and allowing a more sustainable biodiesel production

Análise da competitividade da produção de soja nos sistemas de plantio direto e plantio convencional na região do cerrado brasileiro

The national agricultural section, in phase of reorganization and adaptation to the new production and sale standards, faces the challenge of growing in a competitive and sustainable way, to meet the internal demand and to conquer and to maintain foreign market space, supplying products and quality processes with sustainability and at competitive prices. To meet the new demands of a more ecologically and economically balanced agriculture, it requires the practice of a production consistent with the sustainable development.O setor agrícola nacional, em fase da reorganização e adequação aos novos padrões de produção e comercialização, enfrenta o desafio de crescer de modo competitivo e sustentável, para atender a demanda interna e conquistar e manter espaço de mercado externo, fornecendo produtos e processos de qualidade, com sustentabilidade e a preços competitivos. Para atender as novas demandas de uma agricultura mais equilibrada, ecológica e econômica, é necessário a prática de uma produção coerente com o desenvolvimento sustentável, o que o sistema de plantio direto desde a década de 60 vem demonstrando no País. Assim sendo, é objetivo deste trabalho analisar, utilizando a Matriz de Análise de Políticas, a lucratividade e competitividade da produção de soja no sistema de plantio direto, na região do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul que, como se pode observar pelos resultados obtidos, foi maior do que a do sistema de plantio convencional

Ultra-processed foods, incident overweight and obesity, and longitudinal changes in weight and waist circumference : the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Objective: To evaluate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with gains in weight and waist circumference, and incident overweight/obesity, in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort. Design: We applied FFQ at baseline and categorized energy intake by degree of processing using the NOVA classification. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after a mean 3·8-year follow-up. We assessed associations, through Poisson regression with robust variance, of UPF consumption with large weight gain (1·68 kg/year) and large waist gain (2·42 cm/year), both being defined as ≥90th percentile in the cohort, and with incident overweight/obesity. Setting: Brazil. Participants: Civil servants of Brazilian public academic institutions in six cities (n 11 827), aged 35–74 years at baseline (2008–2010). Results: UPF provided a mean 24·6 (SD 9·6) % of ingested energy. After adjustment for smoking, physical activity, adiposity and other factors, fourth (>30·8 %) v. first (17·8 % of energy as UPF. Conclusions: Greater UPF consumption predicts large gains in overall and central adiposity and may contribute to the inexorable rise in obesity seen worldwide

Alterações metabólicas, hormonais e nutricionais de fumantes: urgência para a abstinência tabágica

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). RESULTS: Most participants (52.2%) had MS and high cardiovascular risk. The fasting glycemia was abnormal in 30.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and WC (r = 0.90; p = 0.0001), %BF (r = 0.79; p = 0.0001), CI (r = 0.65; p = 0.0001), glycemia (r = 0.42; p = 0.04) and TG (r = 0.47; p = 0.002). The CI presented positive correction with insulin (r = 0.60; p = 0.001), glycemia (r = 0.55; p = 0.007), TG (r = 0.54; p = 0.008) and %BF (r = 0.43; p = 0.004). Patients with longer duration of smoking had a higher risk of developing MS (OR = 9.6, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The smokers evaluated had increased risk for developing MS, especially those with longer duration of smoking, requiring urgent smoking cessation.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil bioquímico e nutricional de fumantes em tratamento para a cessação tabágica e sua associação com parâmetros antropométricos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência. Adultos fumantes foram avaliados no início do tratamento no Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa e Intervenção em Tabagismo do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). Foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice de conicidade (IC), circunferência da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), glicemia de jejum, cortisol, insulina, colesterol total (TC), colesterol LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos (TG) e síndrome metabólica (SM). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes possuía SM e alto risco cardiovascular. A glicemia de jejum estava alterada em 30,4%. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre IMC e CC (r = 0,90; p = 0,0001), %GC (r = 0,79; p = 0,0001), IC (r = 0,65; p = 0,0001), glicemia (r = 0,42; p = 0,04) e TG (r = 0,47; p = 0,002). O IC também apresentou correlação positiva com insulina (r = 0,6; p = 0,001), glicemia (r = 0,55; p = 0,007), TG (r = 0,54; p = 0,008) e %GC (r = 0,43; p = 0,004). Pacientes com maior tempo de tabagismo tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM (O = 9,6; p = 0,016). CONCLUSÃO: Os fumantes avaliados tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM, especialmente aqueles que fumavam por mais tempo, requerendo urgência para a cessação tabágica