Cronache tecniche di ingegneria dalla Toscana: "Adeguamento sismico di un edificio a due piani a Firenze: taglio di due pilastri centrali con messa in forza di rinforzo in acciaio" Progettista delle strutture: Prof. Ing. Paolo SPINELLI Collaborazione progetto strutturale: Dott. Ing. Alessio MARGIOTTA Direzione lavori: Dott. Ing. Massimiliano CECCONI

All’interno dei locali di un edificio esistente, situato a Firenze e costituito da due piani fuori terra, vi è stata l’esigenza di realizzare uno spazio atto ad ospitare conferenze, congressi e summit dei vertici dirigenziali dell’azienda: si doveva quindi realizzare un nuovo Auditorium a piano terra e i relativi locali dovevano essere riorganizzati in modo tale da rispondere alle nuove esigenze funzionali. Il maggior ostacolo da superare era rappresentato dalla presenza di due pilastri dell’edificio che risultavano incompatibili con le esigenze di visibilità e fruibilità della sala. D’altro canto la loro rimozione non era facile in quanto senza di essi si sarebbe avuta una luce libera di quasi 15 metri e per l’appunto essi appartenevano ad una campata che, oltre a portare il solaio di piano primo di luce 9.90 metri, si faceva carico anche delle travi di copertura aventi luce 20 m; Si è deciso di seguire la strada dell’eliminazione dei due pilastri e del conseguente rinforzo della campata con un’opportuna struttura in acciaio affiancata a quella in C.A. esistente

Frequency Dependence of Piles' Dynamic Stiffness

Technical BriefTechnical Brief 6: The evaluation of the dynamic behavior of deep foundations for Turbomachinery Modules is not a simple task due to uncertainties in the evaluation of the soil shear modulus and the approximations introduced with published literature formulas for complex stiffness (impedance) functions of piles. The direct measurement of the dynamic response of full scale piles can be an efficient method to reduce considerably these uncertainties and to get a reliable evaluation of the dynamic response of deep foundations. The above should also positively impact both the risks and the engineering schedule in the execution phase of the projects, reducing the dynamic analysis cases. The authors present herein the results of full-scale dynamic tests on piles, which have been performed by applying sinusoidal forces to their top

Structural Dynamic Behavior of Frame 9E GTG Module for LNG Plant

LectureLecture 9: The traditional onshore installation of heavy duty gas turbine generator trains, especially for power >80MW, is stick built on heavy and rigid concrete block foundation. The challenge of modularization is that vibrations have to be transferred to concrete through structural steel, nevertheless implementing vibrations’ acceptance criteria that were developed for direct concrete foundations. This novel concept of modularization needs a deeper dynamic analysis at system level to ensure that flexible structure modes are not excited at any operating condition; with respect to this subject, the Appendix A to this lecture is a dynamic analysis tutorial for turbomachinery modules, having the aim to describe the process and the tools to be used for purpose, based on author’s experiences and lessons learnt also during the experiment described herein. The results of the dynamic analysis made on a complete system including module, foundation and sub foundation in “Full Speed No Load Test” (FSNL) configuration have been for the 1st time compared with field measurements

Predictive rules of efflux inhibition and avoidance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria rapidly spread in clinical and natural environments and challenge our modern lifestyle. A major component of defense against antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria is a drug permeation barrier created by active efflux across the outer membrane. We identified molecular determinants defining the propensity of small peptidomimetic molecules to avoid and inhibit efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen notorious for its antibiotic resistance.Combining experimental and computational protocols, we mapped the fate of the compounds from structure-activity relationships through their dynamic behavior in solution, permeation across both the inner and outer membranes, and interaction with MexB, the major efflux transporter of P. aeruginosa. We identified predictors of efflux avoidance and inhibition and demonstrated their power by using a library of traditional antibiotics and compound series and by generating new inhibitors of MexB. The identified predictors will enable the discovery and optimization of anti-bacterial agents suitable for treatment of P. aeruginosa infections

Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for potential application in bone tumor therapy

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FLUKA Capabilities and CERN Applications for the Study of Radiation Damage to Electronics at High-Energy Hadron Accelerators

The assessment of radiation damage to electronics is a complex process and requires a detailed description of the full particle energy spectra, as well as a clear characterization of the quantities used to predict radiation damage. FLUKA, a multi-purpose particle interaction and transport code, is capable of calculating proton-proton and heavy ion collisions at LHC energies and beyond. It correctly describes the entire hadronic and electromagnetic particle cascade initiated by secondary particles from TeV energies down to thermal neutrons, and provides direct scoring capabilities essential to estimate in detail the possible risk of radiation damage to electronics. This paper presents the FLUKA capabilities for applications related to radiation damage to electronics, providing benchmarking examples and showing the practical applications of FLUKA at CERN facilities such as CNGS and LHC. Related applications range from the study of device effects, the detailed characterization of the radiation field and radiation monitor calibration, to the input requirements for important mitigation studies including shielding, relocation or other options

Mechanistic Study of the Palladium Phenanthroline Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitroarenes and Amines: Palladium Carbonyl

Palladium - phenanthroline complexes catalyze both the nitroarene carbonylation reaction and the amine oxidative carbonylation reaction to give, depending on the conditions, carbamates and ureas. There is evidence that the key step in both processes is the amine carbonylation. Here, we show that when the reaction is run in methanol key intermediate compounds have the general formula [Pd(RPhen)(COOMe)2] (1) (RPhen = l,10-phenanthroline or one of its substituted derivatives). The kinetics of the reaction of 1 with toluidine in the presence of a carboxylic or phosphorus acid is firstorder with respect to complex, acid, and toluidine. A CO atmosphere is also required for the reaction to proceed. Acid dimerization was shown not to be influential under the concentration conditions examined, but reaction between the acid and toluidine is not negligible and a correction has to be applied. Diphenylphosphinic acid is more effective than any carboxylic acid in promoting this reaction, as also observed under catalytic conditions. A series of equilibria and an irreversible acid-assisted proton transfer explain the observed data. Formation of an adduct between complexes of the kind 1 and CO was spectroscopically observed when RPhen = 2,9-Me2Phen. Several analogous complexes were also spectroscopically characterized and the X-ray structure of [Pd(2,9Me2Phen)Cl2(CO)] was solved. This shows an asymmetric coordination of the nitrogen ligand. Kinetic measurements were also conducted under catalytic conditions. An Eyring plot shows that the effect of the acidic promoter is to decrease the △S * value, whereas no positive effect is observed on △H*. A temperature-dependent correction for the reaction between the acid and aniline and phenanthroline present under the reaction conditions has to be applied. Comparison of the results obtained under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions strongly supports the view that 1 is involved even in the latter and that the acid is acting as a bifunctional promoter. © 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co