La natura urbana a Parigi

Nature in the city represents a crucial topic in defining citizens' quality of life. With the rise of new climate and energy challenges aimed at greater environmental sustainability, this issue has taken a renewed centrality in the urban environment as well. Urban Nature in Paris is a text on the socio-political trends affecting urban space and its relationship with nature, here understood with reference to vegetalisation. Individualization, representation, and global competition are thus the main tendencies that characterize the processes and practices of urban greening. These trends are strongly linked, even if these links are not always evident and obvious. On the one hand there is individualization, conceived as a new scale within which we try to frame contemporary processes of citizen participation in the care of urban green space; on the other hand there is representation, as a means through which to capitalize on and valorize the fragmented and individualized actions of urban greening; and finally there is global competition, in which urban nature from a simple sphere of local public action, becomes an international political arena in which some cities seek to assume leadership. Starting with an analysis of the dynamics that have appeared in recent years in Paris, this volume seeks to make these trends visible, showing the emergence, evolutions, relationships, and consequences, of these processes of urban greening

La natura urbana a Parigi

Nature in the city represents a crucial topic in defining citizens' quality of life. With the rise of new climate and energy challenges aimed at greater environmental sustainability, this issue has taken a renewed centrality in the urban environment as well. Urban Nature in Paris is a text on the socio-political trends affecting urban space and its relationship with nature, here understood with reference to vegetalisation. Individualization, representation, and global competition are thus the main tendencies that characterize the processes and practices of urban greening. These trends are strongly linked, even if these links are not always evident and obvious. On the one hand there is individualization, conceived as a new scale within which we try to frame contemporary processes of citizen participation in the care of urban green space; on the other hand there is representation, as a means through which to capitalize on and valorize the fragmented and individualized actions of urban greening; and finally there is global competition, in which urban nature from a simple sphere of local public action, becomes an international political arena in which some cities seek to assume leadership. Starting with an analysis of the dynamics that have appeared in recent years in Paris, this volume seeks to make these trends visible, showing the emergence, evolutions, relationships, and consequences, of these processes of urban greening

Esplorare il territorio. Linee di ricerca socio-spaziali

Il volume nasce nell’ambito di un insegnamento di Sociologia urbana all’interno del quale era stata prevista un’attività seminariale che intendeva rispondere a un’esigenza didattica prioritaria: mostrare agli studenti la poliedricità di studi e ricerche che si collocavano nell’ambito della disciplina e al contempo evidenziarne la comune opzione euristica, andando oltre la prima impressione di un cumularsi magmatico di filoni di ricerca. Coinvolgendo giovani ricercatori, l’attività seminariale intendeva richiamare l’attenzione sulla valenza esplicativa della dimensione territoriale nella comprensione di una molteplicità di fenomeni sociali anche laddove questa non era immediatamente evidente e spesso non adeguatamente riconosciuta. Si trattava, per gli studenti coinvolti, di cogliere il filo rosso che univa i diversi contributi esposti nel seminario, pubblicati in questo volume. Le ricerche presentate hanno il pregio e il merito di concentrarsi sugli aspetti spaziali e territoriali delle diverse forme sociali studiate, cogliendone la dimensione materiale e contribuendo inoltre a una spazializzazione della teoria sociologica. Il territorio non emerge come mero sfondo e contenitore di un insieme di processi sociali ma come socialmente strutturato dalle forze in campo e strutturante le stesse. Nello spazio non si proietta semplicemente la vita sociale che su di esso si appoggia, ma esso stesso è “fattore attivo”

Molecular Mechanisms Generating and Stabilizing Terminal 22q13 Deletions in 44 Subjects with Phelan/McDermid Syndrome

In this study, we used deletions at 22q13, which represent a substantial source of human pathology (Phelan/McDermid syndrome), as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of terminal deletions that are currently poorly understood. We characterized at the molecular level the genomic rearrangement in 44 unrelated patients with 22q13 monosomy resulting from simple terminal deletions (72%), ring chromosomes (14%), and unbalanced translocations (7%). We also discovered interstitial deletions between 17–74 kb in 9% of the patients. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, confirmed in all rearrangements, is very likely the cause of the major neurological features associated with PMS. SHANK3 mutations can also result in language and/or social interaction disabilities. We determined the breakpoint junctions in 29 cases, providing a realistic snapshot of the variety of mechanisms driving non-recurrent deletion and repair at chromosome ends. De novo telomere synthesis and telomere capture are used to repair terminal deletions; non-homologous end-joining or microhomology-mediated break-induced replication is probably involved in ring 22 formation and translocations; non-homologous end-joining and fork stalling and template switching prevail in cases with interstitial 22q13.3. For the first time, we also demonstrated that distinct stabilizing events of the same terminal deletion can occur in different early embryonic cells, proving that terminal deletions can be repaired by multistep healing events and supporting the recent hypothesis that rare pathogenic germline rearrangements may have mitotic origin. Finally, the progressive clinical deterioration observed throughout the longitudinal medical history of three subjects over forty years supports the hypothesis of a role for SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in neurological deterioration, in addition to its involvement in the neurobehavioral phenotype of PMS

: Une ethnographie des dispositifs de végétalisation urbaine participative à Paris

International audienc

Urban Nature at the Digital Age. From collective urban gardens to individual innovant micro-landscapes

The politicization of urban nature has become almost unavoidable, to the point that the City Council of Paris, like many others European cities, has for a long time been involved in the development of vegetalization\u2019s projects in the city. Today the implementation of a corpus of public policies and programmes could be summed up in a desire to achieve great results (100 ha of nature in the city) through devices that are based on small-scale and high participatory value. Beginning with the history of nature in Paris from 1789 to the present day, the article seeks to understand if and how the place given to the inhabitants in relation to the res publica has evolved. The analysis underlines a shift that has taken place in the public policy approach to urban nature, concerning citizen participation in the city\u2019s vegetalization projects: the management of nature which was carried out more by collective entities (associations) now seems to be more and more subject to an individual approach (citizen), which has become more widespread thanks to the use of digital platforms and applications

Embellir la rue, c'est tout un projet! Une ethnographie des dispositifs de végétalisation urbaine participative à Paris

Les dispositifs de végétalisation urbaine participative ne cessent d'émerger au sein des métropoles. Paris, Rennes, Lyon, Marseille… : depuis les années 2000, nombreuses grandes et moyennes villes de France ont inauguré des nouveaux dispositifs de végétalisation urbaine visant à faire intervenir directement les citadins à la gestion de la nature en ville. Ces dispositifs s’inscrivent dans un processus de « végétalisation participative » qui semblerait répondre, selon les acteurs publics, à un besoin grandissant exprimé par les citadins d’une ville plus verte et d’avoir un rôle actif dans sa végétalisation. Pourtant, les constats qui les soutiennent, les buts qu’ils proposent d’atteindre et les impacts qu’ils induisent, posent question

NATURPRADI: Nature(s) urbaine(s) en pratique(s) digitale(s)

Face au projet de la “ville du futur”, la nature est appelée à jouer un rôle central en tant qu’élément capable de favoriser les pratiques de socialisation urbaine et de contribuer à la résilience et à l’adaptation au changement climatique. Dans ce contexte, les technologies numériques deviennent pour les administrations publiques de plus en plus incontournables. Passant d’un outil de mise en relation à un outil de fabrication de la ville, le numérique devient un élément important de l’action publique contemporaine aussi en termes d’intégration de la nature en ville.Le projet NATURPRADI s’insère sur le croisement des notions de développement durable et de Smart City dans le contexte de la stratégie globale que la ville de Paris a identifié comme “un Paris intelligent et durable”. Il s’intègre dans les enjeux écologiques et sociaux propres au développement durable, tout en favorisant des projets issus des technologies de l’information et de la communication. La recherche d’abord questionne comment le numérique modifierait les pratiques analogiques de végétalisation en ville, pour ensuite analyser les types de projets urbains et d’espaces dont le numérique peut en favoriser l’apparition, pour finalement cerner la façon dont les réseaux d’acteurs se transforment.Les principaux objectifs du projet sont : (1) Analyser comment les outils numériques peuvent aider à produire plus de nature en ville, avoir un impact sur les formes urbaines, aider à produire un nouveau type de gouvernance urbaine (en termes de jeux d’acteurs) et enfin faire ressortir (par une plateforme en ligne) les pratiques urbaines de végétalisation ; (2) Co-construire (entre administration publique, habitants, chercheurs et porteurs de projet) l’offre de services numériques en matière de nature en ville. Le but de cette co-construction est, d’un côté, d’expérimenter de nouvelles modalités de conception d’un projet urbain (entre habitants, acteurs privés et administration publique) et, de l’autre, de pouvoir comprendre, d’analyser et d’accompagner les nouvelles façons de faire la ville. Cela permettra à l’équipe de recherche de guider le partenaire territorial, la Ville de Paris, dans la définition de nouvelles méthodes d’accompagnement et de diagnostic de projets urbains