Transformation As Search

In model-driven engineering, model transformations are con- sidered a key element to generate and maintain consistency between re- lated models. Rule-based approaches have become a mature technology and are widely used in different application domains. However, in var- ious scenarios, these solutions still suffer from a number of limitations that stem from their injective and deterministic nature. This article pro- poses an original approach, based on non-deterministic constraint-based search engines, to define and execute bidirectional model transforma- tions and synchronizations from single specifications. Since these solely rely on basic existing modeling concepts, it does not require the intro- duction of a dedicated language. We first describe and formally define this model operation, called transformation as search, then describe a proof-of-concept implementation and discuss experiments on a reference use case in software engineering

A New Window into Gravitationally Produced Scalar Dark Matter

Conventional scenarios of purely gravitationally produced dark matter with masses below the Hubble parameter at the end of inflation are in tension with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) constraints on the isocurvature power spectrum. We explore a more general scenario with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar dark matter field and gravity, which allows for significantly lighter scalar dark matter masses compared to minimal coupling predictions. By imposing relic abundance, isocurvature, Lyman-$\alpha$, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints, we show the viable parameter space for these models. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of a non-minimal coupling expands the parameter space, yielding a dark matter mass lower bound of $2 \times 10^{-4} \, \rm{eV}$.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures (Supplementary Material: 14 pages, 6 figures

Tratamento Precoce Da Oligodontia Não-sindrômica: Relato De Caso Clínico

This report aims to describe the clinical case of a 10-year-old male patient (R.C.B.C.), presenting nonsyndromic oligodontia with maternal family trait and absence of 22 permanent teeth. Clinically, the patient had prolonged retention of some primary teeth and presence of permanent maxillary left central incisor, permanent mandibular right central incisor and four first permanent molars. Radiographically, only permanent maxillary second molars and mandibular third molars were developing, whereas all other germs of permanent teeth were missing. Treatment consisted of maxillary expansion followed by moving permanent maxillary left central incisor bucco-mesially, and rehabilitation of spaces with removable denture, where the main goal was to restore function and esthetic harmony. The case has been monitored for the past six years. Nonsyndromic oligodontia is a rare condition that poses significant functional and psychosocial difficulties. Treatment usually requires a multidisciplinary approach among which pediatric dentistry and orthodontics play a major role. In view of its complexity, treatment should be initiated as early as possible to minimize future functional and aesthetic issues. Dental implants are considered as definitive treatment of cases of oligodontia, however, until the patient reached the ideal age, other treatments to ensure aesthetics and function must be performed.33123223

Interfascial Dissection For Protection Of The Nerve Branches To The Frontalis Muscles During Supraorbital Trans-eyebrow Approach: An Anatomical Study And Technical Note

Preservation of the temporal branches of the facial nerve during anterolateral craniotomies is important. Damaging it can inflict undesirable cosmetic defects to the patient. The supraorbital trans-eyebrow approach (SOTE) is a versatile keyhole craniotomy but still has a high rate of frontalis muscle (FM) palsy. Objective Anatomical study to implement the interfascial dissection during the SOTE to preserve the nerves to the FM. Methods Slight modification of the standard technique of the SOTE was performed in 6 cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Results Distal rami to the FMwere exposed. The standard "U-shape" incision of the FM can cross over the nerves. Alternatively, an "L-shape" incision was performed until the superior temporal line (STL). An interfascial dissection was performed near to the STL and the interfascial fat pad was used as a protective layer for the nerves. Conclusion Various pathologies can be addressed with the SOTE. In the majority of the cases the cosmetic results are good, but FM palsy remains a drawback of this approach. The interfascial dissection may be used in an attempt to prevent frontalis rami palsy.77326527

Metodologias não destrutivas para avaliação das tensões de crescimento em Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden

Este trabalho teve com objetivo avaliar metodologias não destrutivas de avaliação de tensões de crescimento, metodologia de contensão de tensões de crescimento através da aplicação do herbicida com principio ativo “Imazapyr” de nome comercial “Chopper” e algumas características da madeira em Eucalyptus dunnii. Foram utilizadas 20 árvores de 14 anos de idade provenientes de sementes importadas da Austrália, plantada em espaçamento de 2,50m x 2,50m, sem nenhum tipo de manejo ou tratos silviculturais, dos plantios comerciais da Fazenda Ella Olsen que pertence à Rigesa RIGESA- MeadWestvaco, localizada no município de Canoinhas, Norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram analisados três tipos de aparelhos (Extensômetro, Stress Wave Timer e Strain Gauge), sendo que os que apresentaram boa correlação foi o Strain Gauge e Extensômetro (-0,74) e o Strain Gauge com Stress Wave Timer (-0,52). Houve uma boa correlação entre o Extensômetro e a determinação das rachaduras de extremidade de tábuas, tanto na primeira medição quando na terceira medição (30 dias após a primeira), que foram de 0,85 e 0,81 respectivamente. O herbicida se mostrou eficiente na redução das tensões de crescimento na primeira fase (piloto) o que não foi observado no trabalho definitivo. O Extensômetro mostrou ser um aparelho eficiente de fácil manuseio e rapidez em relação aos Strain Gauge e o Stress Wave Timer

A generic approach to model generation operations

Model generation operations are important artifacts in MDE applications. These approaches can be used for model verification, model finding, and others. In many scenarios, model transformations can as well be represented by a model generation operation. This often comes with the advantage of being bidi- rectional and supporting increments. However, most part of model generation approaches do not target several operation kinds, but narrower scenarios by mapping the generation problem into solver specific problems. They are efficient, but often don’t have a supporting framework. In this paper, we present an approach and framework that allows to specify and to execute model operations that can be represented in terms of model generation operations. We first introduce a model search layer that can be used with different solvers. We illustrate this layer with a driving example implemented using Alloy/SAT solver. On top of this, we introduce a transformation layer, which specification are translated into the model search layer, independently from any solver. The solution is natively bidirectional, incremental and it is not restricted to one-and-one scenarios. The approach is illustrated by two use cases and with 3 different scenarios, backed by a full, extensible and free implementation

Evaluation of Imazapyr herbicide efficiency in reduction of longitudinal residual strain in Eucalyptus dunnii

Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência do herbicida Imazapyr (“Chopper”) na redução de tensões de crescimento em árvores de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. Foram testadas 20 árvores de 14 anos em Canoinhas, SC. Este trabalho foi subdivido em duas etapas: 1 (calibração) e 2 (execução). Em ambas, fixaram-se dois pinos no DAP das árvores, um pino distante 45 mm do outro (fixados na direção da grã), para indicar a intensidade da deformação residual longitudinal (DRL). Após a calibragem do aparelho, foi feito um furo de2 cm de diâmetro, com um arco de pua, entre os dois pinos, com o objetivo de liberar as tensões e registrar as deformações. As deformações foram medidas sob dois tratamentos – testemunha e com uso de Imazapyr – e comparadas através de análise de variância, em três momentos (1, 15 e 30 dias após a aplicação do herbicida). Apesar de os resultados preliminares (0,103 e 0,135 mm, com e sem herbicida, respectivamente) terem apontado que o herbicida foi, estatisticamente, eficiente na redução das tensões de crescimento em toretes, na etapa 2 as médias em árvores em pé com aplicação de herbicida das três medições (0,131, 0,127 e 0,127 mm) apresentaram apenas uma tendência de queda da DRL.Palavras-chave: Tensões de crescimento; metodologias não destrutivas; eucalipto. AbstractEvaluation of Imazapyr herbicide efficiency in reduction of longitudinal residual strain in Eucalyptus dunnii. This research evaluated the efficiency of the systemic herbicide Imazapyr ("Chopper") in reduction of growth stress of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden trees. We tested twenty 14-year-old trees in Canoinhas-SC. This research was divided in two stages: 1 (calibration) and 2 (execution). In both, we fixed two pins in the trees DBH: one pin 45 mm apart from each other, aiming to release tensions and register deformations. We measured deformations in two treatments – control and with Imazapyr – and compared it by variance analysis in three moments (1, 15 and 30 days before the herbicide application). Even though the preliminary results (0.103 e 0.135 mm, with and without herbicide, respectively) pointed that the herbicide was, statistically, efficient in the reduction of growth tensions in short logs, in the second stage, the averages in standing trees with application of herbicide of the three measurements (0.131; 0.127; and 0.127 mm) presented only a tendency to decrease in DRL.Keywords: Growth strain; non-destructive methods; eucalyptus.AbstractThis research evaluated the efficiency of the systemic herbicide Imazapyr ("Chopper") in reduction of growth stress of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden trees. We tested twenty 14-year-old trees in Canoinhas-SC. This research was divided in two stages: 1 (calibration) and 2 (execution). In both, we fixed two pins in the trees DBH: one pin 45 mm apart from each other, aiming to release tensions and register deformations. We measured deformations in two treatments – control and with Imazapyr – and compared it by variance analysis in three moments (1, 15 and 30 days before the herbicide application). Even though the preliminary results (0.103 e 0.135 mm, with and without herbicide, respectively) pointed that the herbicide was, statistically, efficient in the reduction of growth tensions in short logs, in the second stage, the averages in standing trees with application of herbicide of the three measurements (0.131; 0.127; and 0.127 mm) presented only a tendency to decrease in DRL.Keywords: Growth strain; non-destructive methods; eucalyptus