Comportamiento del consumidor responsable en el sector de la moda: Motivación del consumidor hacia la práctica del fashion renting o alquiler de moda.

En un momento en el que nuestro planeta corre más peligro que nunca, resulta necesario actuar, especialmente en uno de los sectores más contaminantes a nivel mundial, como es el sector textil. Cada vez son más los consumidores responsables que están realizando un cambio en sus hábitos de consumo, reduciendo el impacto medioambiental de sus compras. En consecuencia, en los últimos años han surgido nuevas ideas de negocio cuyo pilar fundamental es la sostenibilidad, entre ellas, la práctica conocida como fashion renting o alquiler de moda. En este trabajo, a través de un amplio estudio del sector de la moda, un estudio cualitativo basado en una entrevista a la empresa Ecodicta, y un estudio cuantitativo basado en una encuesta a los consumidores, se analiza la disposición de estos a optar por este tipo de práctica responsable, estudiando las motivaciones y barreras que les impulsan o no a ello, y configurando así un perfil de consumidor responsable de la práctica del alquiler de moda. Con este estudio, se ha concluido que, a pesar de que el consumidor cada vez está más dispuesto a optar por este tipo de prácticas de consumo sostenible, sigue siendo necesario un cambio de mentalidad, para lograr abandonar las ideas de consumo interpuestas por el modelo del fast fashion, y adoptar modelos más circulares.<br /

Understanding biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in urban areas: a comprehensive literature review

Positive relationships between biodiversity and urban ecosystem services (UES) are widely implied within both the scientific and policy literatures, along with the tacit suggestion that enhancing urban green infrastructure will automatically improve both biodiversity and UES. However, it is unclear how much published empirical evidence exists to support these assumptions. We conducted a review of studies published between 1990 and May 2017 that examined urban biodiversity ecosystem service (BES) relationships. In total, we reviewed 317 publications and found biodiversity and UES metrics mentioned 944 times. Only 228 (24%) of the 944 mentions were empirically tested. Among these, 119 (52%) demonstrated a positive BES relationship. Our review showed that taxonomic metrics were used most often as proxies for biodiversity, with very little attention given to functional biodiversity metrics. Similarly, the role of particular species, including non-natives, and specific functional traits are understudied. Finally, we found a paucity of empirical evidence underpinning urban BES relationships. As urban planners increasingly incorporate UES delivery consideration to their decision-making, researchers need to address these substantial knowledge gaps to allow potential trade-offs and synergies between biodiversity conservation and the promotion of UES to be adequately accounted for

Influencia del laboreo con vertedera y chisel en parcelas manejadas bajo no laboreo en condiciones de secano

2 páginas. Trabajo publicado en el Capítulo: Calidad del Suelo. Congreso celebrado del 21-24, septiembre, 2010, en Granada, España.En general, las prácticas de no laboreo (NL) tienen una incidencia positiva, a largo plazo, en la mejora de la fertilidad del suelo y en la reducción de la erosión. Sin embargo, también puede presentar algunos inconvenientes i) excesiva compactación del suelo, ii) problemas de infiltración y iii) dificultad en la emergencia del cultivo.Peer reviewe

Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Activity of Protein Hydrolysates from Raw and Germinated Flour of Legumes with Commercial Interest in Colorectal Cancer

Legumes are a highly nutritious source of plant protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins. However, they also contain several bioactive compounds with significant potential benefits for human health. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant, antitumor and chemopreventive activity of functional extracts from legumes using raw and germinated flours of six legume species of commercial interest. The methodology carried out consisted on the development of protein hydrolysates, assessment of their antioxidant capacity and in vitro tests on T84, HCT15 and SW480 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Our results showed a high antitumor activity of protein hydrolysate from M. sativa. Likewise, when combined with 5-Fluorouracile (5-Fu), there was a synergistic effect using extract concentrations from 50 to 175 g/mL and 5-Fu concentrations from 1.5 to 5 M. Similarly, the induction effect on detoxifying enzymes by the extracts of M. sativa, germinated V. faba Baraca LVzt1 and V. narbonensis, which produced a higher induction rate than the positive control sulforaphane (10 M), should be highlighted. Therefore, incorporating these enzymes into the diet could provide nutritional effects, as well as play an effective role in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, European Union PTQ-17-09172, RTC-2017-6540-1, RTI2018-100934-BI00 and RTC2019-006870-1Junta de Andalucía P18-TP-1420FEDERAGR145 and CTS-107 (Andalusian Government

CryoEM structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike bound to antivirals

(Póster 63) Background: Single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) has played a key role in the fight against COVID-19. The molecular mechanisms for the action of some of the currently approved drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the fast developments of the current available vaccines and antibody therapies are examples of the impact of the knowledge gained from the cryoEM structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in complex with proteins (ACE2 or antibodies/nanobodies) or small compounds. Our aim is to use this technology to understand structurally how certain antiviral compounds and proteins targeting the spike may inhibit viral entry. Methods: 1) Production of wild-type and mutated spike and ACE2 proteins using baculovirus/insect cells. 2) Spike binding kinetics: protein-protein and protein-small compound interactions measured by BLI Biolayer interferometry (BLI) and/or microscale Thermophoresis (MST). 3) Buffer optimization for cryoEM grid preparation of spike variants by thermal shift assays and negative-staining electron microscopy (NSEM). These techniques are also used to adjust the molar ratio of spike:ACE2 and spike:small-compound complexes. 4) Structural characterization by cryoEM. Results: At IBV-CSIC we have created a pipeline for the production and characterization of several spike variants and ACE2 decoys. While this pipeline is described in detail in other oral/poster communications, this communication is centered around one of the pillars within this pipeline; the structural characterization of possible drug candidates bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike by cryoEM. In this way, we have successfully solved structures of the spike bound to: A) protein inhibitors as ACE2 decoys; B) a small inhibitory compound; C) mixtures of proteins and small-compound (nanobody-heparan derivative) working cooperatively as inhibitors. These protein/drug candidates were previously selected based on the results obtained in our interactomics platform, whereas their concentration and the buffer conditions for cryoEM grids preparation were established based on thermal shift assays and NSEM. Conclusion: CryoEM is a powerful tool to directly visualize the effect caused by a potential drug on a protein target. In a short period of time we have developed this technique in our institute to be applied to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, not only to obtain high-resolution structures of SARS- CoV-2 spike variants of concern (see WP4) but also to obtain the structures of complexes of the spike with various inhibitory compounds of very different nature

The structural role of SARS-CoV-2 genetic background in the emergence and success of spike mutations: The case of the spike A222V mutation

The S:A222V point mutation, within the G clade, was characteristic of the 20E (EU1) SARS-CoV-2 variant identified in Spain in early summer 2020. This mutation has since reappeared in the Delta subvariant AY.4.2, raising questions about its specific effect on viral infection. We report combined serological, functional, structural and computational studies characterizing the impact of this mutation. Our results reveal that S:A222V promotes an increased RBD opening and slightly increases ACE2 binding as compared to the parent S:D614G clade. Finally, S:A222V does not reduce sera neutralization capacity, suggesting it does not affect vaccine effectiveness

COVID-19 : Age, Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and lymphocytes as key clues from a multicentre retrospective study

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection has widely spread to become the greatest public health challenge to date, the COVID-19 pandemic. Different fatality rates among countries are probably due to non-standardized records being carried out by local health authorities. The Spanish case-fatality rate is 11.22%, far higher than those reported in Asia or by other European countries. A multicentre retrospective study of demographic, clinical, laboratory and immunological features of 584 Spanish COVID-19 hospitalized patients and their outcomes was performed. The use of renin-angiotensin system blockers was also analysed as a risk factor. Results: In this study, 27.4% of cases presented a mild course, 42.1% a moderate one and for 30.5% of cases, the course was severe. Ages ranged from 18 to 98 (average 63). Almost 60 % (59.8%) of patients were male. Interleukin 6 was higher as severity increased. On the other hand, CD8 lymphocyte count was significantly lower as severity grew and subpopulations CD4, CD8, CD19, and NK showed concordant lowering trends. Severity-related natural killer percent descents were evidenced just within aged cases. A significant severity-related decrease of CD4 lymphocytes was found in males. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a better prognosis. The angiotensin II receptor blocker use was associated with a more severe course. Conclusions: Age and age-related comorbidities, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension or diabetes, determined more frequent severe forms of the disease in this study than in previous literature cohorts. Our cases are older than those so far reported and the clinical course of the disease is found to be impaired by age. Immunosenescence might be therefore a suitable explanation for the hampering of immune system effectors. The adaptive immunity would become exhausted and a strong but ineffective and almost deleterious innate response would account for COVID-19 severity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors used by hypertensive patients have a protective effect in regards to COVID-19 severity in our series. Conversely, patients on angiotensin II receptor blockers showed a severer disease

Un ataque combinado químico, virológico, biofísico y estructural hace posible la obtención de nuevos inhibidores de entrada celular de SARS-CoV-2 y la caracterización de su mecanismo de inhibición

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 45º Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), celebrado en Zaragoza del 5 al 8 de septiembre de 2023.IBV-COVID19 Pipeline: C.Espinosa, N.Gougeard, M.P.Hernández-Sierra, A.Rubio-del-Campo, R.Ruiz-Partida, L.Villamayor.El virus SARS-CoV-2 causa el COVID-19 al infectar las células a través de la interacción de la proteína de su espícula (S) con el receptor celular enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2). Para buscar inhibidores de este paso clave en la infección viral, examinamos una biblioteca interna (IQM-CSIC, Madrid) de compuestos multivalentes derivados de triptófano, primero usando pseudopartículas de Virus de Estomatits Vesicular que expresaban S (I2SysBio, UV y CSIC, Valencia), identificando un compuesto como potente inhibidor de entrada no citotóxico. La optimización química (IQM-CSIC) generó otros dos potentes inhibidores de entrada no citotóxicos que, como 2, también inhibieron la entrada celular de SARS-CoV-2 genuino (I2SysBio). Los estudios con proteínas recombinantes puras (IBV-CSIC, Valencia) usando termofluor y termoforesis de microescala revelaron la unión de estos compuestos a S, y a su dominio de unión al receptor producido separadamente, probando interferencia con la interacción con ACE2. La criomicroscopía electrónica de S (IBV-CSIC), libre o unido al compuesto activo, arrojó luz sobre los mecanismos de inhibición por estos compuestos de la entrada viral a la célula. Esta actividad triinstitucional combinada ha identificado y caracterizado una nueva clase de inhibidores de entrada de SARS-CoV-2 de claro potencial preventivo o terapéutico de COVID-19.ECNextGeneration EUfund 2020/2094 de CSIC/PTI Salud Global; Crue/CSIC/Santander Fondo Supera Covid-19;CSIC-COV19-082; CIBERER-ISCIIICOV20/00437; Covid19-SCI/GValenciana (RG);PID2020- 120322RB-C21 (VR) y PID2020-116880GB-I00 (JLLl) Agenc. Estat Investig.Peer reviewe