Associação entre perda dentária e obesidade em adultos: estudo de base populacional

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between tooth loss and general and central obesity among adults. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,720 adults aged 20 to 59 years from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Home interviews were performed and anthropometric measures were taken. Information on sociodemographic data, self-reported diabetes, self-reported number of teeth, central obesity (waist circumference [WC] >; 88 cm in women and >; 102 cm in men) and general obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²) was collected. We used multivariable Poisson regression models to assess the association between general and central obesity and tooth loss after controlling for confounders. We also performed simple and multiple linear regressions by using BMI and WC as continuous variables. Interaction between age and tooth loss was also assessed. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m² (95%CI 25.6;26.2) in men and 25.4 kg/m2 (95%CI 25.0;25.7) in women. The mean WC was 79.3 cm (95%CI 78.4;80.1) in men and 88.4 cm (95%CI 87.6;89.2) in women. A positive association was found between the presence of less than 10 teeth in at least one arch and increased mean BMI and WC after adjusting for education level, self-reported diabetes, gender and monthly per capita income. However, this association was lost when the variable age was included in the model. The prevalence of general obesity was 50% higher in those with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch when compared with those with 10 or more teeth in both arches after adjusting for education level, self-reported diabetes and monthly per capita family income. However, the statistical significance was lost after controlling for age. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with number of teeth, though it depended on the participants' age groups.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre pérdida dentaria y obesidad general y central en adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 1.720 adultos (20 a 59 años) de Florianópolis, Sur de Brasil, en 2009. Se realizaron entrevistas y medidas antropométricas en los domicilios. Se incluyeron datos sociodemográficos, diabetes y número de dientes auto-referidos, obesidad central (circunferencia de la cintura >; 88 cm en mujeres y >; 102 cm en hombres) y general (índice de masa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2). Se utilizó un modelo múltiple por medio de la regresión de Poisson para asociaciones entre obesidad general y central y pérdida dentaria posterior al control por las variables de confusión. También se realizaron análisis de regresión linear simple y múltiple utilizando índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura como variables continuas. La interacción entre edad y pérdida dentaria también fue investigada. RESULTADOS: El promedio de índice de masa corporal fue 25,9 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,6;26,2) en hombres y 25,4 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,0;25,7) en mujeres. El promedio de circunferencia de la cintura fue 79,3 cm (IC95% 78,4;80,1) en los hombres y 88,4 cm (IC95% 87,6;89,2) en las mujeres. Se observó asociación positiva entre la presencia de menos de diez dientes en al menos una arcada y el aumento del índice de masa corporal y de la circunferencia de la cintura luego del ajuste para escolaridad, diabetes auto-referida, sexo y renta mensual per cápita. Sin embargo, esta asociación se perdió al incluir la edad en el modelo. La prevalencia de obesidad general fue 50% mayor en adultos que presentaron menos de diez dientes en al menos una arcada, en comparación con aquellos con diez dientes o más en ambas arcadas luego del ajuste por escolaridad, diabetes auto-referida y renta mensual per cápita. No obstante, la significancia estadística se perdió posterior al control por edad. CONCLUSIONES: La obesidad estuvo asociada al número de dientes, aun así, dependió del grupo etario de los participantes.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre perda dentária e obesidade geral e central em adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.720 adultos (20 a 59 anos) de Florianópolis, SC, em 2009. Entrevistas e medidas antropométricas foram realizadas nos domicílios. Foram incluídos dados sociodemográficos, diabetes e número de dentes autorreferidos, obesidade central (circunferência da cintura >; 88 cm em mulheres e >; 102 cm em homens) e geral (índice de massa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m²). Utilizou-se um modelo múltiplo por meio da regressão de Poisson para associações entre obesidade geral e central e perda dentária após controle pelas variáveis de confusão. Também foram realizadas análises de regressão linear simples e múltipla utilizando índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura como variáveis contínuas. A interação entre idade e perda dentária também foi investigada. RESULTADOS: A média de índice de massa corporal foi 25,9 kg/m² (IC95% 25,6;26,2) em homens e 25,4 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,0;25,7) em mulheres. A média de circunferência da cintura foi 79,3 cm (IC95% 78,4;80,1) nos homens e 88,4 cm (IC95% 87,6;89,2) nas mulheres. Observou-se associação positiva entre a presença de menos de dez dentes em pelo menos uma arcada e o aumento do índice de massa corporal e da circunferência da cintura após ajuste para escolaridade, diabetes autorreferida, sexo e renda mensal per capita. Entretanto, essa associação foi perdida quando a idade foi incluída no modelo. A prevalência de obesidade geral foi 50% maior em adultos que apresentavam menos de dez dentes em pelo menos uma arcada quando comparados àqueles com dez ou mais dentes em ambas as arcadas após ajuste para escolaridade, diabetes autorreferida e renda mensal per capita. Porém, a significância estatística foi perdida após controle pela idade. CONCLUSÕES: Obesidade foi associada ao número de dentes, entretanto dependeu do grupo etário dos participantes

Análise ótica da parede abdominal pelo biospeckle após implante de prótese de polipropileno em ratos

To evaluate an experimental animal model to study the abdominal tissue activity considering its interaction with a polypropylene mesh, through the use of one of the optical phenomena of light Laser, the biospeckle. Fifty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: ten animals not submitted to surgery; Group 2: ten animals submitted to surgery without polypropylene mesh; Group 3: 20 animals submitted to surgery followed by the mesh placement; Group 4: (sham) with ten animals. None of the animals presented post surgical complications being submitted to the optical tests at the 20th postoperative day. The analysis from the biospeckle tests, comparing the medians and standard deviations with T Student test, indicated that no significative difference was observed on the abdominal wall tissue activity in the four groups considered, with and without polypropylene mesh prosthesis implantation. The animal model is viable and the biospeckle open ways for a great number of experiments to be developed in evaluating tissue activity246442448Avaliar o modelo experimental animal para o estudo da atividade tecidual da parede abdominal em sua interação com a prótese de polipropileno, através da utilização de um dos fenômenos ópticos da luz Laser, o biospeckle. Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 com 10 animais não operados e controles; Grupo 2 com 10 animais submetidos a cirurgia sem a colocação de prótese; Grupo 3 com 20 animais submetidos a cirurgia com colocação de prótese de polipropileno pré-peritonial; Grupo 4 (Sham) com 10 animais. Nenhum animal apresentou complicações pós-operatórias, sendo que no 20º PO foram submetidos ao ensaio óptico. A comparação das médias e o desvio padrão das medidas da atividade tecidual da parede abdominal, com e sem implantação da prótese de polipropileno obtidas dos grupos de animais, pelo teste T de Student, não evidenciou diferença estatística significativa (p>0.05). A análise dos dados obtidos permitiu concluir que o modelo animal é viável e que o biospeckle abre caminhos para toda uma linha de experimentos a ser desenvolvida em avaliar atividade tecidua

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit