Associação entre perda dentária e obesidade em adultos: estudo de base populacional

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between tooth loss and general and central obesity among adults. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,720 adults aged 20 to 59 years from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Home interviews were performed and anthropometric measures were taken. Information on sociodemographic data, self-reported diabetes, self-reported number of teeth, central obesity (waist circumference [WC] >; 88 cm in women and >; 102 cm in men) and general obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²) was collected. We used multivariable Poisson regression models to assess the association between general and central obesity and tooth loss after controlling for confounders. We also performed simple and multiple linear regressions by using BMI and WC as continuous variables. Interaction between age and tooth loss was also assessed. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m² (95%CI 25.6;26.2) in men and 25.4 kg/m2 (95%CI 25.0;25.7) in women. The mean WC was 79.3 cm (95%CI 78.4;80.1) in men and 88.4 cm (95%CI 87.6;89.2) in women. A positive association was found between the presence of less than 10 teeth in at least one arch and increased mean BMI and WC after adjusting for education level, self-reported diabetes, gender and monthly per capita income. However, this association was lost when the variable age was included in the model. The prevalence of general obesity was 50% higher in those with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch when compared with those with 10 or more teeth in both arches after adjusting for education level, self-reported diabetes and monthly per capita family income. However, the statistical significance was lost after controlling for age. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with number of teeth, though it depended on the participants' age groups.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre pérdida dentaria y obesidad general y central en adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 1.720 adultos (20 a 59 años) de Florianópolis, Sur de Brasil, en 2009. Se realizaron entrevistas y medidas antropométricas en los domicilios. Se incluyeron datos sociodemográficos, diabetes y número de dientes auto-referidos, obesidad central (circunferencia de la cintura >; 88 cm en mujeres y >; 102 cm en hombres) y general (índice de masa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2). Se utilizó un modelo múltiple por medio de la regresión de Poisson para asociaciones entre obesidad general y central y pérdida dentaria posterior al control por las variables de confusión. También se realizaron análisis de regresión linear simple y múltiple utilizando índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura como variables continuas. La interacción entre edad y pérdida dentaria también fue investigada. RESULTADOS: El promedio de índice de masa corporal fue 25,9 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,6;26,2) en hombres y 25,4 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,0;25,7) en mujeres. El promedio de circunferencia de la cintura fue 79,3 cm (IC95% 78,4;80,1) en los hombres y 88,4 cm (IC95% 87,6;89,2) en las mujeres. Se observó asociación positiva entre la presencia de menos de diez dientes en al menos una arcada y el aumento del índice de masa corporal y de la circunferencia de la cintura luego del ajuste para escolaridad, diabetes auto-referida, sexo y renta mensual per cápita. Sin embargo, esta asociación se perdió al incluir la edad en el modelo. La prevalencia de obesidad general fue 50% mayor en adultos que presentaron menos de diez dientes en al menos una arcada, en comparación con aquellos con diez dientes o más en ambas arcadas luego del ajuste por escolaridad, diabetes auto-referida y renta mensual per cápita. No obstante, la significancia estadística se perdió posterior al control por edad. CONCLUSIONES: La obesidad estuvo asociada al número de dientes, aun así, dependió del grupo etario de los participantes.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre perda dentária e obesidade geral e central em adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.720 adultos (20 a 59 anos) de Florianópolis, SC, em 2009. Entrevistas e medidas antropométricas foram realizadas nos domicílios. Foram incluídos dados sociodemográficos, diabetes e número de dentes autorreferidos, obesidade central (circunferência da cintura >; 88 cm em mulheres e >; 102 cm em homens) e geral (índice de massa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m²). Utilizou-se um modelo múltiplo por meio da regressão de Poisson para associações entre obesidade geral e central e perda dentária após controle pelas variáveis de confusão. Também foram realizadas análises de regressão linear simples e múltipla utilizando índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura como variáveis contínuas. A interação entre idade e perda dentária também foi investigada. RESULTADOS: A média de índice de massa corporal foi 25,9 kg/m² (IC95% 25,6;26,2) em homens e 25,4 kg/m2 (IC95% 25,0;25,7) em mulheres. A média de circunferência da cintura foi 79,3 cm (IC95% 78,4;80,1) nos homens e 88,4 cm (IC95% 87,6;89,2) nas mulheres. Observou-se associação positiva entre a presença de menos de dez dentes em pelo menos uma arcada e o aumento do índice de massa corporal e da circunferência da cintura após ajuste para escolaridade, diabetes autorreferida, sexo e renda mensal per capita. Entretanto, essa associação foi perdida quando a idade foi incluída no modelo. A prevalência de obesidade geral foi 50% maior em adultos que apresentavam menos de dez dentes em pelo menos uma arcada quando comparados àqueles com dez ou mais dentes em ambas as arcadas após ajuste para escolaridade, diabetes autorreferida e renda mensal per capita. Porém, a significância estatística foi perdida após controle pela idade. CONCLUSÕES: Obesidade foi associada ao número de dentes, entretanto dependeu do grupo etário dos participantes

Análise ótica da parede abdominal pelo biospeckle após implante de prótese de polipropileno em ratos

To evaluate an experimental animal model to study the abdominal tissue activity considering its interaction with a polypropylene mesh, through the use of one of the optical phenomena of light Laser, the biospeckle. Fifty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: ten animals not submitted to surgery; Group 2: ten animals submitted to surgery without polypropylene mesh; Group 3: 20 animals submitted to surgery followed by the mesh placement; Group 4: (sham) with ten animals. None of the animals presented post surgical complications being submitted to the optical tests at the 20th postoperative day. The analysis from the biospeckle tests, comparing the medians and standard deviations with T Student test, indicated that no significative difference was observed on the abdominal wall tissue activity in the four groups considered, with and without polypropylene mesh prosthesis implantation. The animal model is viable and the biospeckle open ways for a great number of experiments to be developed in evaluating tissue activity246442448Avaliar o modelo experimental animal para o estudo da atividade tecidual da parede abdominal em sua interação com a prótese de polipropileno, através da utilização de um dos fenômenos ópticos da luz Laser, o biospeckle. Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 com 10 animais não operados e controles; Grupo 2 com 10 animais submetidos a cirurgia sem a colocação de prótese; Grupo 3 com 20 animais submetidos a cirurgia com colocação de prótese de polipropileno pré-peritonial; Grupo 4 (Sham) com 10 animais. Nenhum animal apresentou complicações pós-operatórias, sendo que no 20º PO foram submetidos ao ensaio óptico. A comparação das médias e o desvio padrão das medidas da atividade tecidual da parede abdominal, com e sem implantação da prótese de polipropileno obtidas dos grupos de animais, pelo teste T de Student, não evidenciou diferença estatística significativa (p>0.05). A análise dos dados obtidos permitiu concluir que o modelo animal é viável e que o biospeckle abre caminhos para toda uma linha de experimentos a ser desenvolvida em avaliar atividade tecidua

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ