Unifying View on Min-Max Fairness, Max-Min Fairness, and Utility Optimization in Cellular Networks

<p/> <p>We are concerned with the control of <it>quality of service</it> (QoS) in wireless cellular networks utilizing linear receivers. We investigate the issues of fairness and total performance, which are measured by a utility function in the form of a weighted sum of link QoS. We disprove the common conjecture on incompatibility of min-max fairness and utility optimality by characterizing network classes in which both goals can be accomplished concurrently. We characterize power and weight allocations achieving min-max fairness and utility optimality and show that they correspond to saddle points of the utility function. Next, we address the problem of the difference between min-max fairness and max-min fairness. We show that in general there is a (fairness) gap between the performance achieved under min-max fairness and under max-min fairness. We characterize the network class for which both performance values coincide. Finally, we characterize the corresponding network subclass, in which both min-max fairness and max-min fairness are achievable by the same power allocation.</p

Unifying View on Min-Max Fairness, Max-Min Fairness, and Utility Optimization in Cellular Networks

We are concerned with the control of quality of service (QoS) in wireless cellular networks utilizing linear receivers. We investigate the issues of fairness and total performance, which are measured by a utility function in the form of a weighted sum of link QoS. We disprove the common conjecture on incompatibility of min-max fairness and utility optimality by characterizing network classes in which both goals can be accomplished concurrently. We characterize power and weight allocations achieving min-max fairness and utility optimality and show that they correspond to saddle points of the utility function. Next, we address the problem of the difference between min-max fairness and max-min fairness. We show that in general there is a (fairness) gap between the performance achieved under min-max fairness and under max-min fairness. We characterize the network class for which both performance values coincide. Finally, we characterize the corresponding network subclass, in which both min-max fairness and max-min fairness are achievable by the same power allocation

Impact of processing method on donated human breast milk microRNA content.

Pasteurization of donated human milk preserves it for storage and makes it safe for feeding, but at the expense of its composition, nutritional values and functions. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of Holder Pasteurization (HoP) and High Pressure Processing (HPP) methods on miRNA in human milk and to evaluate impact of these changes on miRNA functions. Milk samples obtained from women in 50th day of lactation (n = 3) were subjected either to HoP, HPP or remained unpasteurized as a control. Subsequently, miRNA was isolated from whole material and exosomal fraction and sequenced with Illumina NextSeq 500. Sequencing data were processed, read counts were mapped to miRNA and analyzed both quantitatively with DESeq2 and functionally with DIANA mirPath v.3. While HPP caused statistically insignificant decrease in number of miRNA reads compared to unprocessed material, HoP led to 82-fold decrease in whole material (p = 0.0288) and 302-fold decrease in exosomes (p = 0.0021) not leaving enough reads for further analysis. Changes in composition of miRNA fraction before and after HPP indicated uneven stability of individual miRNAs under high pressure conditions, with miR-30d-5p identified as relatively stable and miR-29 family as sensitive to HPP. Interestingly, about 2/3 of unprocessed milk miRNA content consists of only 10 distinct miRNAs with miR-148a-3p at the top. Functional analysis of most abundant human milk miRNAs showed their involvement in signaling pathways, cell communication, proliferation and metabolism that are obviously important in rapidly growing infants. Functions of miRNAs which suffered the greatest depletion during HPP were similar to roles of the majority of unprocessed human milk's miRNA, which indicates that those functions may be weakened although not completely lost. Our findings indicate that HPP is less detrimental to human milk miRNAs than HoP and should be considered in further research on recommended processing procedures for human milk banks

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Landscapes of Alström and Bardet–Biedl Syndromes

Alström syndrome (ALMS) and Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) are rare genetic diseases with a number of common clinical features ranging from early-childhood obesity and retinal degeneration. ALMS and BBS belong to the ciliopathies, which are known to have the expression products of genes, encoding them as cilia-localized proteins in multiple target organs. The aim of this study was to perform transcriptomic and proteomic analysis on cellular models of ALMS and BBS syndromes to identify common and distinct pathological mechanisms present in both syndromes. For this purpose, epithelial cells were isolated from the urine of patients and healthy subjects, which were then cultured and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The pathways of genes associated with the metabolism of lipids and glycosaminoglycan and the transport of small molecules were found to be concomitantly downregulated in both diseases, while transcripts related to signal transduction, the immune system, cell cycle control and DNA replication and repair were upregulated. Furthermore, protein pathways associated with autophagy, apoptosis, cilium assembly and Gli1 protein were upregulated in both ciliopathies. These results provide new insights into the common and divergent pathogenic pathways between two similar genetic syndromes, particularly in relation to primary cilium function and abnormalities in cell differentiation

EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D 4.1 Summary on preliminary trade-off investigations and first set of potential network-level solutions

METIS WP4 covers research activities in network-level aspects of the advancement of wireless network technologies towards the year 2020 and beyond. The aim is to develop novel network-level technology concepts to address the challenges foreseen in future scenarios with regard to interference, traffic and mobility management issues. Moreover, another task of this work package is to propose functional enablers which can support the above potential solutions.This document provides* a report of the ongoing progress in WP4 regarding the research topics agreed upon in IR 4.1,* a high level description of the proposed concepts and approaches adopted by different partners.More specifically, the document describes, first set of potential network-level solutions and presents some first research results in order to position them with regards to the state of the art approaches. It also gives an overview of research activities to be considered later in WP4

EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D 4.1 Summary on preliminary trade-off investigations and first set of potential network-level solutions

METIS WP4 covers research activities in network-level aspects of the advancement of wireless network technologies towards the year 2020 and beyond. The aim is to develop novel network-level technology concepts to address the challenges foreseen in future scenarios with regard to interference, traffic and mobility management issues. Moreover, another task of this work package is to propose functional enablers which can support the above potential solutions. This document provides * a report of the ongoing progress in WP4 regarding the research topics agreed upon in IR 4.1, * a high level description of the proposed concepts and approaches adopted by different partners. More specifically, the document describes, first set of potential network-level solutions and presents some first research results in order to position them with regards to the state of the art approaches. It also gives an overview of research activities to be considered later in WP4