The Investigation of Effects of Temperature and Nanoparticles Volume Fraction on the Viscosity of Copper Oxide-ethylene Glycol Nanofluids

In the present article, the effects of temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction on the viscosity of copper oxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid have been investigated experimentally. The experiments have been conducted in volume fractions of 0 to 1.5 % and temperatures from 27.5 to 50 °C. The shear stress computed by experimental values of viscosity and shear rate for volume fraction of 1% and in different temperatures show that this nanofluid has Newtonian behaviour. The experimental results reveal that in a given volume fraction when temperature increases, viscosity decreases, but relative viscosity varies. Also, in a specific temperature, nanofluid viscosity and relative viscosity increase when volume fraction increases. The maximum amount of increase in relative viscosity is 82.46% that occurs in volume fraction of 1.5% and temperature of 50 °C. Some models of computing nanofluid viscosity have been suggested. The greatest difference between the results obtained from these models and experimental results was down of 4 percent that shows that there is a very good agreement between experimental results and the results obtained from these models

Thermal Conductivity Modeling of Aqueous CuO Nanofluids by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Using Experimental Data

In this article, thermal conductivity data of aqueous nanofluids of CuO have been modeled through one of the instruments of empirical data modeling. The input data of 5 different volume fractions of nanofluid obtained in four temperatures through experiments have been considered as network inputs. Also, triangular function, due to providing the best responses, has been used as membership function in ANFIS structure. The modeling results show that fuzzy networks are able to model thermal conductivity results of nanofluids with good precision. Regression coefficient of this modeling has been 0.99

Improving field management by machine vision - a review

Growing population of people around the world and thus increasing demand to food products as well as high tendency for declining the cost of operations and environmental preserving cares intensify inclination toward the application of variable rate systems for agricultural treatments, in which machine vision as a powerful appliance has been paid vast attention by agricultural researchers and farmers as this technology consumers. Various applications have introduced for machine vision in different fields of agricultural and food industry till now that confirms the high potential of this approach for inspection of different parameters affecting productivity. Computer vision has been utilized for quantification of factors affecting crop growth in field; such as, weed, irrigation, soil quality, plant nutrients and fertilizers in several cases. This paper presents some of these successful applications in addition to representing an introduction to machine vision

Effect of An Educational Intervention on Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Self-Care Practices Regarding Urinary Tract Infection

Contents: The most prevalent type of infection during pregnancy is urinary tract infections (UTIs). It affects up to ten percent of pregnant women and may cause serious adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and fetus.Aim: The research aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on pregnant women’s knowledge and self-care practices regarding urinary tract infection. Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was adopted to fulfill this study's aim. The study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecological outpatient clinic in Benha university hospital on a purposive sample of 68 pregnant women among those attending the setting mentioned above. Two key instruments were used to collect data: A structured interviewing questionnaire, self-care practices checklist. Results: revealed a highly statistically significant difference in pregnant women's knowledge and self-care practices related to urinary tract infection at post-intervention compared to their pre-intervention phase (p-values < 0.001). A highly significant positive correlation was illustrated between studied women's total knowledge and total practice scores at pre (p=0.04) and post-intervention (p=0.000) phases. Conclusion: The study concluded that the research hypothesis is supported, and pregnant women exhibited better knowledge and self-care practices regarding (UTI) during pregnancy after implementing an educational intervention than before. The study recommended that knowledge and self-care concepts regarding UTI through antenatal screening programs in early pregnancy should be empowered as an essential part of all women's health care levels and strategies

A Contextual Topic Modeling and Content Analysis of Iranian laws and Regulations

A constitution is the highest legal document of a country and serves as a guide for the establishment of other laws. The constitution defines the political principles, structure, hierarchy, position, and limits of the political power of a country's government. It determines and guarantees the rights of citizens. This study aimed at topic modeling of Iranian laws. As part of this research, 11760 laws were collected from the Dotic website. Then, topic modeling was conducted on the title and content of the regularizations using LDA. Data analysis with topic modeling led to the identification of 10 topics including Economic, Customs, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture, Insurance, Legal and judicial, Cultural, Information Technology, Political, and Government. The largest topic, Economic, accounts for 29% of regulations, while the smallest are Political and Government, accounting for 2%. This research utilizes a topic modeling method in exploring law texts and identifying trends in regularizations from 2016-2023. In this study, it was found that regularizations constitute a significant percentage of law, most of which are related to economics and customs. Cultural regularizations have increased in 2023. It can be concluded any law enacted each year can reflect society's conditions and legislators' top concerns

Can doubling the maintenance dose of clopidogrel prevent from early stent thrombosis after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention?

<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Treatment of significant coronary artery disease with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) seems better than angioplasty balloon; because the incidence of restenosis is lower in this method, however, a serious complication of PCI is stent thrombosis which would lead to repeated myocardial infarction (MI) and increase the mortality and morbidity. One of the frequent medications which is used to prevent from stent thrombosis is clopidogrel, but, stent thrombosis was seen in many of the patients despite given the conventional dosage of this drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doubling the maintenance dose of clopidogrel to prevent from early stent thrombosis, MI and mortality rate.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS:</strong><strong> </strong>This was a clinical trial study which was done in Shahid Chamran Hospital in winter 2010 in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 400 patients with PCI were prospectively followed-up for 30 days. All the patients were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group received a maintenance dose of 75 mg clopidogrel while the case group received 150 mg clopidogrel after the initial dosage of 600 mg for 30 days after the PCI.&nbsp; The incidence of primary outcome such as total mortality was recorded during the study.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS:</strong> Early stent thrombosis was observed in 4 patients (1%) (One subject in the control group and 3 in the case group) during the first 30 days after PCI, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (p = 0.62). Mortality due to stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients in the case group which showed no significant difference in this group (p = 0.5). In addition, MI occurred in 2 patients (1 in each group) which also showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 1). Drug complication such as major bleeding had no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.9).<strong></strong></p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The present study showed that doubling dose of clopidogrel could not reduce the incidence of early stent thrombosis, mortality and myocardial infarction in comparison with conventional dosage; therefore it is recommended that more studies be done in Iranian and Asian race for clinical decision-making to prevent form stent thrombosis using high dose of clopidogrel.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Primary coronary intervention, Early stent thrombosis, Clopidogrel, Coronary stenting.</p

Exploring Noise Pollution, Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies: A Review Paper

Noise pollution, often regarded as a silent menace amidst the clamor of more conspicuous environmental concerns, is a pervasive and escalating issue with profound implications for humanity and the natural world. This comprehensive review paper delves into the multifaceted realm of noise pollution, encompassing its diverse causes, far-reaching effects, and the array of strategies deployed to mitigate its adverse consequences. Within this paper, we embark on an exploration that begins by scrutinizing the intricate tapestry of noise pollution's origins. We dissect the urban sprawl and infrastructure development that spawns construction-related tumult, the transportation networks that propagate incessant road, air, and rail noise, and the industrial activities that generate relentless auditory dissonance. These sources collectively converge to create a symphony of cacophony that increasingly defines modern existence. The effects of noise pollution extend beyond mere annoyance. We scrutinize its deleterious impact on human health, from sleep disturbances and cardiovascular diseases to cognitive impairments and stress-related disorders. We unravel the psychological ramifications, including reduced cognitive performance, annoyance, and social isolation. Furthermore, we delve into its insidious intrusion into the natural world, disrupting wildlife behavior, habitats, and reproductive success. Noise pollution also exerts socio-economic repercussions, diminishing property values and impairing learning environments. Mitigation strategies emerge as our beacon of hope. Regulatory measures, noise barriers, urban planning, technological innovations, public awareness campaigns, and international cooperation collectively form our arsenal in the battle against noise pollution. By recognizing noise pollution as an environmental challenge with profound ramifications and by collectively deploying these strategies, we aspire to cultivate a quieter, healthier, and more harmonious world for present and future generations, echoing a harmonious symphony of coexistence amidst the urban bustle