Loyalists: Economic, gendered, and racial minorities acting politically for king and country.

This work will focus on the study of economic, gendered, and racial minority Loyalists in the American Revolution. The main sources include the Claims Commission Records, government documents, newspapers, diaries, letters, and autobiographies as well as secondary sources dealing with the above mentioned topics. It will specifically look at women in the colonial era. Women occupied a domestic, secondary role in the colonies and the ways that they contributed to and were affected by the war were different than their male counterparts. Previously, historians have not looked at lower ranking women and their experiences in the late eighteenth century. Also, women\u27s roles in society as contributors to and active participants in the war have not received adequate attention. This examination allows readers to understand that women were politically aware, committed, and willing to sacrifice everyday comforts for their ideologies. I will also show how women circumvented the conventions and social norms of the day to achieve their objectives. In addition to looking at the role of women in colonial society, I also look at blacks—both slave and free—who actively aided the British during the war. Approximately thirty-five claims are available which help us understand the roles they played, sacrifices they made, and the recompense they received as a result of their loyalty. White men from the lower ranks of society are examined too, as a way to provide balance and comparison to the treatment that blacks and women received in the same era. The ultimate conclusion reached is that women and blacks were politically as well as ideologically committed and active during the American Revolution. They were aware of the ideas circulating at the time, made their decisions and actively supported loyalty. Their decision to stay within the political system of empire indicates that they made their decisions for many of the same reasons that their more elite counterparts did. It also shows the real sacrifices Loyalists made and how their lives were irrevocably changed as a result of their political alliance

Toward Defining the Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association Workgroups on Diagnostic Guidelines for Alzheimer's Disease

The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to begin many years before the diagnosis of AD dementia. This long "preclinical" phase of AD would provide a critical opportunity for therapeutic intervention; however, we need to further elucidate the link between the pathological cascade of AD and the emergence of clinical symptoms. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association convened an international workgroup to review the biomarker, epidemiological, and neuropsychological evidence, and to develop recommendations to determine the factors which best predict the risk of progression from "normal" cognition to mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia. We propose a conceptual framework and operational research criteria, based on the prevailing scientific evidence to date, to test and refine these models with longitudinal clinical research studies. These recommendations are solely intended for research purposes and do not have any clinical implications at this time. It is hoped that these recommendations will provide a common rubric to advance the study of preclinical AD, and ultimately, aid the field in moving toward earlier intervention at a stage of AD when some disease-modifying therapies may be most efficacious

Astro2020 APC White Paper: The MegaMapper: a z > 2 spectroscopic instrument for the study of Inflation and Dark Energy

MegaMapper is a proposed ground-based experiment to measure Inflation parameters and Dark Energy from galaxy redshifts at

The Dark Energy Survey : more than dark energy – an overview

This overview paper describes the legacy prospect and discovery potential of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) beyond cosmological studies, illustrating it with examples from the DES early data. DES is using a wide-field camera (DECam) on the 4 m Blanco Telescope in Chile to image 5000 sq deg of the sky in five filters (grizY). By its completion, the survey is expected to have generated a catalogue of 300 million galaxies with photometric redshifts and 100 million stars. In addition, a time-domain survey search over 27 sq deg is expected to yield a sample of thousands of Type Ia supernovae and other transients. The main goals of DES are to characterize dark energy and dark matter, and to test alternative models of gravity; these goals will be pursued by studying large-scale structure, cluster counts, weak gravitational lensing and Type Ia supernovae. However, DES also provides a rich data set which allows us to study many other aspects of astrophysics. In this paper, we focus on additional science with DES, emphasizing areas where the survey makes a difference with respect to other current surveys. The paper illustrates, using early data (from ‘Science Verification’, and from the first, second and third seasons of observations), what DES can tell us about the Solar system, the Milky Way, galaxy evolution, quasars and other topics. In addition, we show that if the cosmological model is assumed to be +cold dark matter, then important astrophysics can be deduced from the primary DES probes. Highlights from DES early data include the discovery of 34 trans-Neptunian objects, 17 dwarf satellites of the Milky Way, one published z > 6 quasar (and more confirmed) and two published superluminous supernovae (and more confirmed)

Ohio History Spring 2017

https://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10124/OH-v124n1-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY Contents for Volume 124, Number 1, Spring 2017 Contributors ...... 4 Editor’s Note ...... 5 &nbsp; “Only a Moral Power”: African Americans, Reformers, and the Repeal of Ohio’s Black Laws L. Diane Barnes ...... 7 “Bettering Our Circumstances”: Settler Colonialism in Ohio during the 1780s Daniel R. Griesmer ...... 22 Between Two Worlds: A Look at the Impact of the Black Campus Movement on the Antiwar Era of 1968–1970 at Kent State University Lae’l Hughes-Watkins ...... 41 The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio: Collections Note Marcelle R. Wilson ...... 65 &nbsp; Book Reviews ...... 84 On the cover: “Mabel the Elephant Looked at the GF Label and Climbed Aboard.” (Suender and Morgan, GF News: 50 Years of Progress, September 1931.)</p

Ohio History 2012

https://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10130/OH-v119-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY Contents for Volume 119, 2012 Streetcar Politics and Reform Government in Cleveland, 1880–1909 Robert Bionaz ...... 5 Cleveland’s Iron Ore Merchants and the Lake Superior Iron Ore Trade, 1855–1900 Terry S. Reynolds ...... 30 The Role of the Business Press in the Commercial Life of Cincinnati, 1831–1912 Bradford W. Scharlott ...... 61 The Flexibility of Freedom: Slavery and Servitude in Early Ohio James J. Gigantino II ......&nbsp;89 “Industry, Enterprize and Energy”: Caleb Atwater and the Meaning of Ohio Shawn Selby ...... 101 &nbsp; Book Reviews 119 </ul