Effectiveness of hypnoanalgesia for dermatological surgery in children: Randomised clinical trial

Background and Objective. Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures may generate pain, fear or anxiety. The aim of this paper is to assess whether hypnosedation in children undergoing dermatological surgery is effective in reducing the doses of sedation and analgesia during the periprocedure. Patients and methods. Clinical trial in which paediatric patients scheduled for removal of benign skin lesions in a hospital were randomised to receive hypnosis (intervention group) or attention-distracting techniques (control group). The outcome measures used were doses of sedation (propofol) during surgery, and the need for analgesia (paracetamol and others) and pain assessment by visual analogue scale (VAS), post-surgery and at 24 hours. Results. Thirty patients between 5 and 16 years of age were selected consecutively, two of them being excluded because they did not meet the criteria; 15 patients were assigned to the hypnosis group and 13 to the control. Patients treated with hypnosis as an adjuvant to conscious sedation showed a lower need for propofol (median 1.8 mg/Kg; P25-75 1.6 - 2.0) than those treated with distraction (2.9; 2.5 - 3.0; p=0.001). Eighty percent of the children in the hypnosis group needed post-surgical paracetamol versus 100% in the control (p=0.226); after 24 h after discharge the difference in need of ibuprofen was 6.7% versus 38.5% (p=0.041) and of analgesics in general 46.7% versus 84.6% (p=0.082). The VAS of pain during the procedure in the hypnosis group was VAS 0 (0-0) vs 0 (0-5.5) (p=0.142). Conclusions. Hypnosis as an adjuvant to sedation in children undergoing major outpatient surgery&nbsp

Analysis of the Psychosocial Sphere of Older Adults in Extreme Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon

The situation of social exclusion in which older adults live in extreme poverty is a problem that leads to psychological alterations such as depression or cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to analyze the living conditions and the psychosocial sphere of older adult people living in extreme poverty in Requena del Tapiche in Peru. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sixty participants between 60 and 100 years of age of both sexes were included who gave their informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and the Gijón, family Apgar, Yesavage, and Pfeiffer scales were used. The sample was composed of 55% women and 45% men, with a mean age of 79.2 years (SD 6.67). More than half live alone or with their spouse. Fifty-seven percent sleep on the floor or on wood, and about 82% do not have safe water. Family dysfunction is found in 40%, and 98% are at social risk or with an established social problem and a precarious economic situation. More than 60% suffer from depressive symptoms, which are more frequent in women. We conclude that older adults perceive deficient family support, observing a deteriorated social situation. Most of them are at risk of social exclusion and loneliness, making them more vulnerable. They show sadness, with a high rate of depression. People with more cognitive impairment live alone, and those in social exclusion suffer a higher degree of depression. More cooperative projects and health promotion interventions developed in the peripheral neighborhoods of Requena del Tapiche are needed to improve the impact on the health of older adult people in extreme poverty.The publication costs of this work have been financed by the Catholic University of Valencia under grant 2023-275-001.Medicin

Sonic Crystals Acoustic Screens and Diffusers

[EN] This article presents the use of advanced tools applied to the design of devices that can solve specific acoustic problems, improving the already existing devices based on classic technologies. Specifically, we have used two different configurations of a material called Sonic Crystals, which is formed by arrays of acoustic scatterers, to obtain acoustic screens with high diffusion properties by means of an optimization process. This design procedure has been carried out using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm along to an acoustic simulation model developed with the numerical method called Finite Difference Time Domain. The results obtained are discussed in terms of both the acoustic performance and the robustness of the devices achieved.This work was partially supported by the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" under the project TEC2015-68076-R.Peiró-Torres, MDP.; Parrilla-Navarro, MJ.; Ferri García, M.; Bravo, JM.; Sánchez Pérez, JV.; Redondo, J. (2019). Sonic Crystals Acoustic Screens and Diffusers. Applied Acoustics. 148:399-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.01.004S39940814

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2,445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD.The NEFRONA study was funded by a research grant from AbbVie, FEDER funds and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III RETIC (RD16/0009), FIS PI16/01354, and PI10/00173. IR was financially supported by Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Cientfica Aplicada y la Tecnología (FICYT)

Efecto de la yema de huevo sobre la calidad de semen descongelado de paco (Piaractus brachypomus)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the type of egg yolk (quail-YC vs hen-YG) on the quality of frozen paco (Piaractus brachypomus) semen (volume, colour, concentration, motility, vitality and fertility). Eighteen breeders (15 males and 3 females) were used, whose spermiation and ovulation, respectively, were induced with carp pituitary extract. Semen was collected by massaging the abdomen of the fish. Fresh semen was evaluated and then diluted with a cryoprotective solution that included YC or YG. Diluted semen was frozen and thawed at 30 days for post-thaw evaluation and fertility testing. A notable decrease in seminal parameters was found due to the effect of freezing. Motility was lower for YC compared to YG (14.8 vs. 18.8%; p<0.05), while vitality (31 vs. 28.8%), activation time (1.4 vs. 1.3 min) and fertility (18.4 vs. 20.4%) were similar between groups. In conclusion, the motility was improved with the addition of chicken egg yolk, while the vitality, activation time and fertility were not influenced by the type of yolk.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tipo de yema de huevo (codorniz-YC vs gallina-YG) sobre la calidad del semen de paco (Piaractus brachypomus) (volumen, color, concentración, motilidad, vitalidad y fertilidad) congelado. Se utilizaron 18 reproductores (15 machos y 3 hembras) cuya espermiación y ovulación, respectivamente, fue inducida con extracto de hipófisis de carpa. El semen fue colectado mediante masaje del abdomen del pez. El semen fresco fue evaluado y luego diluido con una solución crioprotetora que incluyó YC o YG. El semen diluido fue congelado y descongelado a los 30 días para la evaluación pos-descongelación y prueba de fertilidad. Se encontró una notoria disminución de los parámetros seminales por efecto de la congelación. La motilidad fue menor para la YC comparado a la YG (14.8 vs. 18.8%; p<0.05), mientras que la vitalidad (31 vs. 28.8%), tiempo de activación (1.4 vs. 1.3 min) y la fertilidad (18.4 vs. 20.4%) fueron similares entre grupos. En conclusión, la motilidad fue mejorada con la adición de yema de huevo de gallina, mientras que la vitalidad, tiempo de activación y fertilidad no fueron influenciados por el tipo de yema

Influence of Dietary Lipids and Environmental Salinity on the n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis Capacity of the Marine Teleost Solea senegalensis

Fish vary in their ability to biosynthesise long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) depending upon the complement and function of key enzymes commonly known as fatty acyl desaturases and elongases. It has been reported in Solea senegalensis the existence of a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be modulated by the diet. The present study aims to evaluate the combined effects of the partial replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils and reduced environmental salinity in the fatty acid composition of relevant body compartments (muscle, hepatocytes and enterocytes), the enzymatic activity over α-linolenic acid (ALA) to form n-3 LC-PUFA through the incubation of isolated hepatocytes and enterocytes with [1-14C] 18:3 n-3, and the regulation of the S. senegalensis fads2 and elovl5 in the liver and intestine. The presence of radiolabelled products, including 18:4n-3, 20:4n-3 and EPA, provided compelling evidence that a complete pathway enabling the biosynthesis of EPA from ALA, establishing S. senegalensis, has at least one Fads2 with ∆6 activity. Dietary composition prevailed over salinity in regulating the expression of fads2, while salinity did so over dietary composition for elovl5. FO replacement enhanced the proportion of DHA in S. senegalensis muscle and the combination with 20 ppt salinity increased the amount of n-3 LC-PUFA in hepatocytes

Whole-Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copies Are Associated With the Prognosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Sepsis.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34557198/#:~:text=Resumen-,El%20s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20dificultad%20respiratoria%20aguda%20(SDRA)%20es%20un%20proceso,v%C3%ADnculos%20mec%C3%A1nicos%20de%20esta%20observaci%C3%B3n%20con%20la%20patogenia%20del%20SDRA.,-Palabras%20clave%3A%20SDR