Theory of the n=2 levels in muonic deuterium

The present knowledge of Lamb shift, fine- and hyperfine structure of the $\mathrm{2S}$ and $\mathrm{2P}$ states in muonic deuterium is reviewed in anticipation of the results of a first measurement of several $\mathrm{2S-2P}$ transition frequencies in muonic deuterium ($\mu\mathrm{d}$). A term-by-term comparison of all available sources reveals reliable values and uncertainties of the QED and nuclear structure-dependent contributions to the Lamb shift, which are essential for a determination of the deuteron rms charge radius from $\mu\mathrm{d}$. Apparent discrepancies between different sources are resolved, in particular for the difficult two-photon exchange contributions. Problematic single-sourced terms are identified which require independent recalculation.Comment: 26 pages, add missing feynman diagrams (Fig. 3), renumber items (Tab. IV), correct a sum (column 5, Tab. IV

Improved X-ray detection and particle identification with avalanche photodiodes

Avalanche photodiodes are commonly used as detectors for low energy x-rays. In this work we report on a fitting technique used to account for different detector responses resulting from photo absorption in the various APD layers. The use of this technique results in an improvement of the energy resolution at 8.2 keV by up to a factor of 2, and corrects the timing information by up to 25 ns to account for space dependent electron drift time. In addition, this waveform analysis is used for particle identification, e.g. to distinguish between x-rays and MeV electrons in our experiment.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Having a baby in the Isle of Man The analysis and interpretation of data collected as part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN007815 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Retrospective Pediatric Cohort Study Validates NEOS Score and Demonstrates Applicability in Children With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Background and Objectives Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis in children and adults. Although our understanding of the disease mechanisms has progressed, little is known about estimating patient outcomes. Therefore, the NEOS (anti- N MDAR E ncephalitis O ne-Year Functional S tatus) score was introduced as a tool to predict disease progression in NMDARE. Developed in a mixed-age cohort, it currently remains unclear whether NEOS can be optimized for pediatric NMDARE. Methods This retrospective observational study aimed to validate NEOS in a large pediatric-only cohort of 59 patients (median age of 8 years). We reconstructed the original score, adapted it, evaluated additional variables, and assessed its predictive power (median follow-up of 20 months). Generalized linear regression models were used to examine predictability of binary outcomes based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). In addition, neuropsychological test results were investigated as alternative cognitive outcome. Results The NEOS score reliably predicted poor clinical outcome (mRS ≥3) in children in the first year after diagnosis ( p = 0.0014) and beyond ( p = 0.036, 16 months after diagnosis). A score adapted to the pediatric cohort by adjusting the cutoffs of the 5 NEOS components did not improve predictive power. In addition to these 5 variables, further patient characteristics such as the “ Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) status” and “age at disease onset” influenced predictability and could potentially be useful to define risk groups. NEOS also predicted cognitive outcome with higher scores associated with deficits of executive function ( p = 0.048) and memory ( p = 0.043). Discussion Our data support the applicability of the NEOS score in children with NMDARE. Although not yet validated in prospective studies, NEOS also predicted cognitive impairment in our cohort. Consequently, the score could help identify patients at risk of poor overall clinical outcome and poor cognitive outcome and thus aid in selecting not only optimized initial therapies for these patients but also cognitive rehabilitation to improve long-term outcomes

Proton Structure from the measurement of 2S-2P transition frequencies of muonic hydrogen

Accurate knowledge of the charge and Zemach radii of the proton is essential, not only for understanding its structure but also as input for tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and its predictions for the energy levels of hydrogen. These radii may be extracted from the laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen (μp, that is, a proton orbited by a muon). We measured the 2S^F=0_1/2 - 2P^F=1_3/2 transition frequency in μp to be 54611.16(1.05) gigahertz (numbers in parentheses indicate one standard deviation of uncertainty) and reevaluated the 2S^F=1_1/2 - 2P^F=2_3/2 transition frequency, yielding 49881.35(65) gigahertz. From the measurements, we determined the Zemach radius, rZ = 1.082(37) femtometers, and the magnetic radius, rM = 0.87(6) femtometer, of the proton. We also extracted the charge radius, rE = 0.84087(39) femtometer, with an order of magnitude more precision than the 2010-CODATA value and at 7σ variance with respect to it, thus reinforcing the proton radius puzzle

Hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapies in Switzerland. Evolution over 25 years. A report from the stem cell transplantation and cellular therapies working groups of the SBST 1997-2021.

The Swiss Blood Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Group (SBST) leads a mandatory national registry for all hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HCT) and cellular therapies. After 25 years, information was available for 11,226 patients receiving an HCT (4031 allogeneic and 7195 autologous), including 925 pediatric patients. We compared patient characteristics and outcome by quinquennia 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016, and 2017-2021. There were numerous changes over time. Allogeneic transplant recipients became older (median age 33.7 vs. 54.3) and had more frequently unrelated donors and reduced intensity conditioning in later quinquennia. Similarly, age increased for recipients of autologous HCT (median 48.3 vs. 59.9). We did not see a significant drop in transplant activity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Analysis of outcome showed overall survival (relative risk (RR) of death 0.664 (0.529-0.832) and progression free survival (RR 0.708 (0.577-0.870) being improved over time comparing the latest to the first quinquennium adjusting for risk factors. Non-relapse mortality decreased in recipients of allogeneic HCT (RR: 0.371 (0.270-0.509)) over time but relapse risks did not. Outcome of autologous HCT improved as well across quinquennia, this improvement was mainly due to decreased relapse risks (RR 0.681 (0.597-0.777)), possibly related to maintenance treatment or rescue treatment for relapse mainly in myeloma patients. Cellular therapies other than allogeneic or autologous HCT, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) treatment have started to increase after 2019, year of approval of the first commercial CAR-T product in Switzerland. Data on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment are too early for comparative analyses. Detailed analyses of changes over time are presented. This study includes all HCTs, and cellular therapies, data useful for quality assurance programs, health care cost estimation and benchmarking. Between 50% and 60% of patients are long-term survivors after both types of HCT, indicating growing populations of surviving patients requiring long-term care