Historia de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (1978-2014)

Reseña del libro "Historia de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (1978-2014)".En este libro coordinado por Josep Bernabeu Mestre, se hace mención a los primeros esfuerzos médicos por aplicar la epidemiología para mejorar la salud de la población española. Además, se detallan y analizan las bases de la creación de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, en un esfuerzo colectivo para incidir en la importancia de la epidemiología en las primeras medidas legislativas que se efectuaron en los años de la Transición Democrática, describiendo asimismo las actividades realizadas en los últimos años hasta 2014.3 páginas

Historia de los seguros sociosanitarios en España

El Estado de Bienestar en España es relativamente reciente. Desde finales del siglo XIX, las políticas gubernativas se centraron en mejorar diversas situaciones concretas que afectaban al estado social y sanitario de la población, y que estaban ligeramente relacionadas con el sistema de beneficencia público. Desde la publicación de la Ley de Accidentes de Trabajo (1900), han ido surgiendo diversos seguros sociosanitarios dependientes del Instituto Nacional de Previsión y luego por la Seguridad Social, finalizando hasta el momento con la importante Ley de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia (2006).3 páginas

A imprensa profissional como uma fonte de informação historiográfica sobre a História da Enfermagem

Identificadores digitales: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/65752 - doi:10.14198/cuid.2017.47.07La prensa profesional enfermera y de sus antecedentes profesiones auxiliares, constituye una fuente valiosa para el estudio de la evolución que desarrollaron y su interrelación entre las diferentes disciplinas sanitarias. Conocer y estudiar las publicaciones seriadas de este sector nos permite acercarnos a la realidad e identidad profesional, formativa y de actualidad por la que atravesaban. En el presente artículo se propone una guía metodológica para la búsqueda de este tipo de fuente de información historiográfica y un modelo para el estudio histórico de la prensa profesional enfermera basado a los últimos avances en la metodología historiográfica; apoyado en el análisis por separado de la estructura de la prensa mediante los preceptos de Jaques Kayser y de su contenido por ejes temáticos a través los métodos heurístico, hermenéutico e histórico en la interpretación de textos.The nurse and previous auxiliary professions press, is a valuable source for the study of evolution developed and its interrelationship between different health disciplines. Knowing and studying serials publications in this sector allow us to approach reality and professional identity, educational and current which hit. In this article is proposed a methodological guide for finding this kind of source of historiographical information and a model for the historical study of the nurse professional press based on the latest developments in the historiographical methodology; supported on separate analysis of the structure of the press by the precepts of Jaques Kayser and its contents by themes through heuristic, hermeneutic and historical methods in the interpretation of texts.A imprensa profissional enfermeiro e suas profissões antecedentes de saúde é uma fonte valiosa para o estudo da evolução que desenvolveu e sua inter-relação entre as diferentes disciplinas da saúde. Conhecer e estudar folhetins nesse setor nos permite abordar a realidade e identidade profissional, educacional e tópica que atingiu. Neste artigo tenciona um guia metodológico para encontrar este tipo de fonte de informação historiográfica e um modelo para o estudo histórico da imprensa profissional enfermeiro com base nos mais recentes desenvolvimentos na metodologia historiográfica; suportado pela análise separada da estructura da imprensa os preceitos de Jaques Kayser e seu conteúdo por temas através de heurística, hermenêutica e método histórico na interpretação de textos.14 páginas

Guía rápida de utilización de Mnemosyne v.2.4

Las figuras son capturas de pantalla que fueron realizadas en la versión de Mnemosyne para GNU/Linux y Android.Se trata de una breve guía de iniciación para el uso del software libre "Mnemosyne" v.2.4, disponible para múltiples sistemas operativos. Con ello se pretende ofrecer los primeros pasos para la realización de tarjetas de memoria.8 páginas

Guía rápida de utilización de Anki v.2.1

Las figuras son capturas de pantalla que fueron realizadas en Anki v.2.1 en GNU/Linux y AnkiDroid para Android.Se trata de una guía rápida de iniciación al software libre "Anki", disponible en múltiples sistemas operativos. Se pretende que la persona interesada conozca los pasos iniciales para la preparación de tarjetas de memoria.11 páginas

Effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the role of global postural reeducation for people with ankylosing spondylitis. We compared the effects of treatments on pain, dysfunction (using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), range of motion, and chest expansion in a specific population aged over 18 years old with ankylosing spondylitis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the PubMed, Physiotherapy Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Clinical trials and systematic reviews/meta-analysis were reviewed. Results: 154 studies were found. Finally, four were included. Conclusions: global postural reeducation is beneficial for ankylosing spondylitis, but no more so than other conventional treatments, except for spinal mobility, where Global Postural Reeducation demonstrated an advantage

Continuous ultrafiltration during extracorporeal circulation and its effect on lactatemia: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction. Hyperlactatemia occurs during or after extracorporeal circulation in the form of lactic acidosis, increasing the risk of postoperative complications and the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether continuous high-volume hemofiltration with volume replacement through a polyethersulfone filter during the extracorporeal circulation procedure decreases postoperative lactatemia and its consequences. ||Materials and methods. This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32: with or without continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane. Five patients were excluded from each group during the study period. The sociodemographic characteristics, filter effects, and blood lactate levels at different times during the procedure were evaluated. Secondary endpoints were studied, such as the reduction in the intubation time and time spent in ICU. ||Results. Lactatemia measurements performed during the preoperative and intraoperative phases were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the blood lactate levels in the postoperative period and at 24 hours in the intensive care unit showed a significant reduction and a possible clinical benefit in the hemofiltered group. Following extracorporeal circulation, the mean lactate level was higher (difference: 0.77 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.01–1.53) in the nonhemofiltered group than in the hemofiltered group (p<0.05). This effect was greater at 24 hours (p = 0.019) in the nonhemofiltered group (difference: 1.06 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.18–1.93) than in the hemofiltered group. The reduction of lactatemia is associated with a reduction of inflammatory mediators and intubation time, with an improvement in liver function. || Conclusions. The use and control of continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane during heart-lung surgery could potencially prevent postoperative complications. The reduction of lactatemia implied a reduction in intubation time, a decrease in morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit and a shorter hospital stay.14 páginas

Self-management in heart failure using mHealth: A content validation.

AIM: To describe the development of a mobile health application -mICardiApp- designed by a multidisciplinary professional team and patients with heart failure and to evaluate its content validity. METHODS: Critical reviews of the literature, semi-structured interviews with patients, and user stories guided the development of the content of the mobile application. These contents were refined and validated through a modified Delphi process. An expert panel of healthcare and social care professionals together with patients and academics evaluated the content through two content validity indicators, relevance, and adequacy, and provided narrative feedback. The content validity of the app and each screen was determined by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI). Similarly, the Adequacy Index (AI) was analyzed. RESULTS: The developed app is composed by 8 topics: (1) available resources, (2) cardiac rehabilitation, (3) control of signs and symptoms, (4) emotional support, (5) learning and having fun, (6) medication, (7) nutrition, and (8) physical activity. The results demonstrated high CVI of the screens and the full app. 57 of the 59 screens in the app reached an excellent CVI≥0.70 for both relevance and adequacy, except for 2 screens. The CVI Average Method of the app was 0.851. CONCLUSIONS: mICardiApp is presented as an application to improve health literacy and self-management of patients with multimorbidity and heart failure, with proven validation

Needs of patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure for the development of a mHealth to improve their self-management: A qualitative analysis

Objective: To provide practical information regarding needs, preferences of content and format of an app to assist the self-management in patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure (HF). Methods: The three-phase study was conducted in Spain. Six integrative reviews, a qualitative methodology based on Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology through semi-structured interviews and user stories were used. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework approach. Thematic analysis technique following the methods of Braun and Clarke was used for emerging themes. Results: Integrative reviews conducted included practical recommendations to include in the content and format of the App and helped create the interview guide. Interviews revealed 15 subthemes that captured the meaning of narratives offering contextual insights into the development of the App. The main effective mechanisms of multicomponent interventions for patients with HF must contain (a) components that increase the patient's understanding of HF, (b) self-care, (c) self-efficacy and participation of the family/informal caregiver, (4) psychosocial well-being and (5) professional support and use of technology. User stories revealed that patients prioritized improvements in direct contact with health services in case of emergency (90%), nutritional information (70%), type of exercises in order to improve their physical condition (75%) and information about food and drug interaction (60%). The importance of motivation messages (60%) was highlighted by transversal way. Conclusions: The three-phase process integrating theoretical basis, evidence from integrative reviews and research findings from target users has been considered a guide for future app development17 página

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality