Epidemiología del asma en los adolescentes de 13-14 años de la provincia de Salamanca. Centro participante en el estudio internacional Global Asthma Network, Fase I

[ES] El asma representa la enfermedad crónica más prevalente en la infancia y adolescencia, junto con la obesidad. Supone un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial con una carga constante para los sistemas nacionales de salud. Aún en el siglo XXI, el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control del asma en población pediátrica parece seguir siendo un reto. La epidemiología del asma no ha sido estudiada con anterioridad en la población de 13-14 años de la provincia de Salamanca, de ahí la justificación de la presente tesis doctoral. Los objetivos principales fueron el estudio de la prevalencia de síntomas, diagnóstico y gravedad del asma, así como sus posibles factores asociados en este grupo de edad y área geográfica. Este trabajo forma parte del estudio multicéntrico e internacional Global Asthma Network (GAN) y ha seguido su metodología estandarizada y común, lo que ha permitido comparar nuestros resultados con otros centros participantes. La prevalencia de asma (sibilancias recientes o en los últimos 12 meses) fue del 14.7%, inferior a la media nacional y superior a la descrita a nivel internacional en la Fase I del GAN. La rinitis alérgica ha sido el factor de riesgo de asma más importante y se ha asociado con las tres variables principales, comportándose como un factor de riesgo independiente

A Clinical Decision Support System (KNOWBED) to Integrate Scientific Knowledge at the Bedside: Development and Evaluation Study

[Background] The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use.[Objective] The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice.[Methods] Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy.[Results] The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times.[Conclusions] The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.This project has received funding from the Andalusian Ministry of Health from Spain (reference PIN-0213-2016), and FEDER funds.Peer reviewe

A Clinical Decision Support System (KNOWBED) to Integrate Scientific Knowledge at the Bedside: Development and Evaluation Study

Background: The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice. Methods: Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy. Results: The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times. Conclusions: The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.This project has received funding from the Andalusian Ministry of Health from Spain (reference PIN-0213-2016), and FEDER funds.Ye

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en pacientes de dos a ocho años de edad

Introduction and objective: The adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the fundamental cause of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a frequent pathology that can cause a series of important complications. In certain circumstances, it can be diagnosed without the need of complex tests and treated effectively, with adenotonsillectomy being the choice; since, with the current resources, assuming all the recommendations of the main guidelines are impractical, the number of children that would require referral for diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) and adenotonsillectomy would exceed our capacity. Limiting the guidelines to available means would significantly ignore the health repercussions of childhood OSA, making it difficult to recognize children at risk, as well as being able to offer adequate treatment. Our objective is to establish the recommendations based on the best available scientific evidence to increase, in an efficient way, the diagnosis of pediatric OSAS and to establish the adequate surgical recomendation as well as the safety in the perioperative procedure. Sections: Review of the bibliography of national and international guidelines on the management of childhood OSAS and assessment of own experience derived from clinical practice and prospective follow-up studies of operated patients. Summary of the evidence on childhood OSAS. Resolution of disagreements between scientific evidence and current clinical practice with proposals to minimize them. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure and the surgical procedure. Perioperative management scheme and post-surgical follow-up. Conclusions: The application of the suggested changes regarding the management of children with suspected OSAS will allow: 1) greater prominence in the process of Primary and Secondary Care provided by general pediatricians to consider adenotonsillectomy; 2) the widespread use of specific questionnaires for the detection of OSAS, nocturnal oximetry and video recording during sleep as assessment tools; and 3) greater availability of complex sleep studies (PSG) to meet international standards for certain conditions.Introducción y objetivo: La hipertrofia adenoamigdalar es la causa fundamental del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) infantil, patología frecuente que puede causar una serie de complicaciones importantes. En determinadas circunstancias, puede ser diagnosticado sin necesidad de pruebas complejas y tratado eficazmente, siendo de elección la adenoamigdalectomía, ya que, con los recursos actuales, asumir todas las recomendaciones de las principales guías resulta impracticable, pues el número de niños que requerirían derivación para polisomnografía (PSG) diagnóstica y adenoamigdalectomía superarían nuestra capacidad. Limitar las directrices a los medios disponibles, ignoraría significativamente las repercusiones en la salud del SAOS infantil, dificultando el reconocimiento clínico de niños en riesgo, así como la oferta de tratamiento adecuado. Nuestro objetivo es establecer las recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia científica disponible para incrementar, de manera eficiente, el diagnóstico del SAOS pediátrico, adecuar la indicación quirúrgica así como la seguridad en el procedimiento perioperatorio. Secciones: Revisión de bibliografía de guías nacionales e internacionales de manejo de SAOS infantil y valoración de experiencia propia derivada de práctica clínica y estudios prospectivos de seguimiento de pacientes intervenidos. Síntesis de la evidencia sobre el SAOS infantil. Resolución de discordancias entre la evidencia científica y la práctica clínica actual con propuestas para minimizarlas. Recomendaciones para el procedimiento diagnóstico y el procedimiento quirúrgico. Esquema de manejo perioperatorio y seguimiento postquirúrgico. Conclusiones: La aplicación de los cambios sugeridos respecto al manejo de los niños con sospecha de SAOS permitirá: 1) mayor protagonismo en el proceso de la atención primaria y secundaria proporcionada por los pediatras generales para la consideración de adenoamigdalectomía; 2) el uso generalizado de cuestionarios específicos para la detección de SAOS, de la oximetría nocturna y de la videograbación durante el sueño como herramientas de evaluación; y 3) mayor disponibilidad de estudios de sueño complejos (PSG) para cumplir con los estándares internacionales para ciertas condiciones

Clinical guideline for diagnosis and surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients from two to eight years old

Introduction and objective: The adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the fundamental cause of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a frequent pathology that can cause a series of important complications. In certain circumstances, it can be diagnosed without the need of complex tests and treated effectively, with adenotonsillectomy being the choice; since, with the current resources, assuming all the recommendations of the main guidelines are impractical, the number of children that would require referral for diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) and adenotonsillectomy would exceed our capacity. Limiting the guidelines to available means would significantly ignore the health repercussions of childhood OSA, making it difficult to recognize children at risk, as well as being able to offer adequate treatment. Our objective is to establish the recommendations based on the best available scientific evidence to increase, in an efficient way, the diagnosis of pediatric OSAS and to establish the adequate surgical recomendation as well as the safety in the perioperative procedure. Sections: Review of the bibliography of national and international guidelines on the management of childhood OSAS and assessment of own experience derived from clinical practice and prospective follow-up studies of operated patients. Summary of the evidence on childhood OSAS. Resolution of disagreements between scientific evidence and current clinical practice with proposals to minimize them. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure and the surgical procedure. Perioperative management scheme and post-surgical follow-up. Conclusions: The application of the suggested changes regarding the management of children with suspected OSAS will allow: 1) greater prominence in the process of Primary and Secondary Care provided by general pediatricians to consider adenotonsillectomy; 2) the widespread use of specific questionnaires for the detection of OSAS, nocturnal oximetry and video recording during sleep as assessment tools; and 3) greater availability of complex sleep studies (PSG) to meet international standards for certain conditions.Introducción y objetivo: La hipertrofia adenoamigdalar es la causa fundamental del SAOS infantil, patología frecuente que puede causar complicaciones importantes. En determinadas circunstancias, puede ser diagnosticado sin necesidad de pruebas complejas y tratado eficazmente, siendo de elección la adenoamigdalectomía, ya que, con los recursos actuales, asumir todas las recomendaciones de las principales guías resulta impracticable, pues el número de niños que requerirían derivación para polisomnografía (PSG) diagnóstica y adenoamigdalectomía superarían nuestra capacidad. Nuestro objetivo es establecer las recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia científica disponible para incrementar, de manera eficiente, el diagnóstico del SAOS pediátrico, adecuar la indicación quirúrgica así como la seguridad en el procedimiento perioperatorio./nSecciones: Revisión de bibliografía de guías nacionales e internacionales de manejo de SAOS infantil y valoración de experiencia propia derivada de práctica clínica y estudios prospectivos de seguimiento de pacientes intervenidos. Síntesis de la evidencia sobre el SAOS infantil. Recomendaciones para el procedimiento diagnóstico y el procedimiento quirúrgico. Resolución de discordancias entre la evidencia científica y la práctica clínica actual con propuestas para minimizarlas./nConclusiones: La aplicación de los cambios sugeridos permitirá: 1) mayor protagonismo en el proceso de la Atención Primaria y Secundaria proporcionada por los pediatras generales para la consideración de adenoamigdalectomía; 2) el uso generalizado de cuestionarios específicos para la detección de SAOS, de la oximetría nocturna y de la videograbación durante el sueño como herramientas de evaluación; y 3)  mayor disponibilidad de estudios de sueño complejos (PSG) para cumplir con los estándares internacionales para ciertas condiciones

Association Between Use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol and Postoperative Complications in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the Postoperative Outcomes Within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Study (POWER2)

[Importance] The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care protocol has been shown to improve outcomes compared with traditional care in certain types of surgery.[Objective] To assess the association of use of the ERAS protocols with complications in patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).[Design, Setting, and Participants] This multicenter, prospective cohort study included patients recruited from 131 centers in Spain from October 22 through December 22, 2018. All consecutive adults scheduled for elective THA or TKA were eligible for inclusion. Patients were stratified between those treated in a self-designated ERAS center (ERAS group) and those treated in a non-ERAS center (non-ERAS group). Data were analyzed from June 15 through September 15, 2019.[Exposures] Total hip or knee arthroplasty and perioperative management. Sixteen individual ERAS items were assessed in all included patients, whether they were treated at a center that was part of an established ERAS protocol or not.[Main Outcomes and Measures] The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and mortality.[Results] During the 2-month recruitment period, 6146 patients were included (3580 women [58.2%]; median age, 71 [interquartile range (IQR), 63-76] years). Of these, 680 patients (11.1%) presented with postoperative complications. No differences were found in the number of patients with overall postoperative complications between ERAS and non-ERAS groups (163 [10.2%] vs 517 [11.4%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.74-1.07; P = .22). Fewer patients in the ERAS group had moderate to severe complications (73 [4.6%] vs 279 [6.1%]; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96; P = .02). The median overall adherence rate with the ERAS protocol was 50.0% (IQR, 43.8%-62.5%), with the rate for ERAS facilities being 68.8% (IQR, 56.2%-81.2%) vs 50.0% (IQR, 37.5%-56.2%) at non-ERAS centers (P < .001). Among the patients with the highest and lowest quartiles of adherence to ERAS components, the patients with the highest adherence had fewer overall postoperative complications (144 [10.6%] vs 270 [13.0%]; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-0.99; P < .001) and moderate to severe postoperative complications (59 [4.4%] vs 143 [6.9%]; OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84; P < .001) and shorter median length of hospital stay (4 [IQR, 3-5] vs 5 [IQR, 4-6] days; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P < .001).[Conclusions and Relevance] An increase in adherence to the ERAS program was associated with a decrease in postoperative complications, although only a few ERAS items were individually associated with improved outcomes.This study was supported by institutional and/or departmental sources. The Postoperative Outcomes Within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (POWER2) study was supported by the Spanish Perioperative Audit and Research Network (REDGERM

Association Between Use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol and Postoperative Complications in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the Postoperative Outcomes Within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Study (POWER2).

The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care protocol has been shown to improve outcomes compared with traditional care in certain types of surgery. To assess the association of use of the ERAS protocols with complications in patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This multicenter, prospective cohort study included patients recruited from 131 centers in Spain from October 22 through December 22, 2018. All consecutive adults scheduled for elective THA or TKA were eligible for inclusion. Patients were stratified between those treated in a self-designated ERAS center (ERAS group) and those treated in a non-ERAS center (non-ERAS group). Data were analyzed from June 15 through September 15, 2019. Total hip or knee arthroplasty and perioperative management. Sixteen individual ERAS items were assessed in all included patients, whether they were treated at a center that was part of an established ERAS protocol or not. The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and mortality. During the 2-month recruitment period, 6146 patients were included (3580 women [58.2%]; median age, 71 [interquartile range (IQR), 63-76] years). Of these, 680 patients (11.1%) presented with postoperative complications. No differences were found in the number of patients with overall postoperative complications between ERAS and non-ERAS groups (163 [10.2%] vs 517 [11.4%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.74-1.07; P = .22). Fewer patients in the ERAS group had moderate to severe complications (73 [4.6%] vs 279 [6.1%]; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96; P = .02). The median overall adherence rate with the ERAS protocol was 50.0% (IQR, 43.8%-62.5%), with the rate for ERAS facilities being 68.8% (IQR, 56.2%-81.2%) vs 50.0% (IQR, 37.5%-56.2%) at non-ERAS centers (P  An increase in adherence to the ERAS program was associated with a decrease in postoperative complications, although only a few ERAS items were individually associated with improved outcomes