Cooperación en dilemas sociales: Normas sociales y procesos cognitivos

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of social norms and cognitive processes in cooperative decisions in a non-probabilistic self-selected sample of Psychology freshmen attending the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Two studies were conducted (Study 1: n = 124; Study 2: n = 104). In both of them a factorial design implemented in 2 phases was used: (a) cooperative environment and non-cooperative environment, using the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) and (b) time response conditions (Study 1) or cognitive load conditions (Study 2). In this stage participants played the Public Goods Game. The level of cooperation in the second stage was the main dependent variable. Student' t test, logistic and linear regression analyses, and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were carried out. The manipulation for generating several social norm environments was not effective. Multiple effects on cooperation were observed depending on which indicators of cognitive processing were considered. The main finding of this study is an interaction effect between the social norm environment and the cognitive load condition in the first PDG round (Study 2)El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el rol de las normas sociales y los procesos cognitivos en las decisiones cooperativas en muestras no-probabilísticas de auto-selección de ingresantes a Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Se llevaron a cabo 2 estudios experimentales (Estudio 1: n = 124; Estudio 2: n = 104). En ambos se utilizó un diseño factorial en 2 fases: (a) contexto cooperativo o no cooperativo, utilizando el Juego del Dilema del Prisionero (JDP), y (b) condición de tiempo de respuesta (Estudio 1) o de esfuerzo cognitivo (Estudio 2), utilizando el Juego de Bienes Públicos. El nivel de cooperación fue la principal variable dependiente en la fase 2. Se utilizó t de Student, análisis de regresión logística y lineal y análisis univariados y multivariados de la varianza. La manipulación para generar distintos contextos normativos fue inefectiva. Se observaron distintos efectos en la cooperación según el indicador de procesos cognitivos usado. El principal resultado corresponde a la interacción entre el contexto social normativo y la condición de carga cognitiva en la primera ronda del JDP (Estudio 2)Fil: Ortiz, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Reyna, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentin

Differential activities of glutathione s-transferase isoenzymes in strains of fasciola hepatica susceptible and resistant to triclabendazole

Fasciolosis, a parasitic zoonosis of intrahepatic location, is caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Its control is mainly based on the use of the anthelminthic Triclabendazole (TCBZ). The indiscriminate use of this drug has favored the development of anthelmintic resistance. The Glutation S-Transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds using conjugation with endogenous glutathione. Recently, it has been shown an active participation of this family of enzymes in the detoxification of TCBZ related to the phenomenon of resistance. In F. hepatica, eight isoenzymes of the GST are present. Since it is well known that different isoenzymes do not necessarily have the same metabolic activity, this study evaluated the cytosolic activity of mu and pi GST isoenzymes in TCBZ resistant (Sligo and Oberon strains) and TCBZ susceptible (Cullompton strains) of F. hepatica. The results obtained in this study confirm that, although both isoenzymes are involved in different processes of detoxification in F. hepatica, only the GSTmu isoenzyme is involved in the manifestation of resistance to TCBZ.Fil: Fernandez, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Oblitas P.. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Solana, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Cientifíca y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Solana, Hugo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Perspectives for sustainable consumption: An exploratory study of the discourses and practices of Cordoba's citizens (Argentina)

This paper addresses some of the perceptions, beliefs, and experiences related to sustainable consumption habits of citizens of Córdoba (Argentina). We focus on three main areas of consumption: food, housing, and mobility. The study examines the discourses of 59 citizens in seven focus groups with seven to nine persons each. Six groups combine age ranges (18-29, 30-49, and 50-70 years old), socioeconomic status (high-medium and low-medium), and gender. A seventh group is composed of citizens who participate actively in environmental organisations with a mix of ages, SES and genders. We conduct a content analysis using ATLAS.ti software. The results of this study indicate that the participants in general have difficulty spontaneously associating their consumption practices with environmental problems. Three results are prominent: First, the role of meat consumption for sustainability is almost unnoticed by most participants; this is noteworthy given the overconsumption of meat in Argentina. Second, we find little knowledge about water-saving appliances while a high rate of individual water consumption in Córdoba is in fact alarming. Third, respondents do not consider environmental aspects when choosing their everyday modes of mobility. Based on these initial findings, we sketch the research and data needed to advance knowledge of sustainable consumption in Argentina and Latin America from a psychological and other behavioural science perspectives, as well as implications for policies aiming to address environmental degradation

Modelos predictivos de resistencia y durabilidad en hormigones

[ES] En el hormigón es el material más empleado en la construcción, y por tanto será necesario conocer su comportamiento a lo largo de su vida útil. La durabilidad del hormigón depende principalmente de su dosificación, en concreto del tipo de cemento y relación agua-cemento, y en menor grado de importancia podemos encontrar otros factores que influyen en el desempeño del mismo. En este trabajo se presenta una base de datos construida con resultados de ensayos obtenidos a partir de artículos científicos orientados al estudio de la durabilidad del hormigón, en concreto a dos factores claves en este tema, los cuales son la penetración y la difusión de cloruros. Para ello se obtuvo de cada uno de los artículos las distintas dosificaciones, composiciones químicas de los materiales cementicios, tipos y temperaturas de curado, resistencia a la compresión y los resultados obtenidos tanto de los ensayos de penetración como de difusión de cloruros Para analizar la influencia de los diferentes parámetros en la durabilidad del hormigón, se ha utilizado estadística clásica y redes neuronales artificiales, y así poder predecir el comportamiento de los diferentes hormigones frente a los ataques por cloruros. Se comprueba que los resultados obtenidos mediante redes neuronales artificiales son mejores que los obtenidos mediante métodos clásicos de estadística. Así mismo, se confirma que las principales variables que influencian el comportamiento del hormigón frente al ataque por cloruros son la relación agua-total material cementante, el tipo de cemento y el contenido de adiciones.[EN] Concrete is the material most used in construction; therefore, it will be necessary to know the behavior in the life service. The durability of the concrete depends on mixes, principally the cement type and the water-cement ratio, to lesser degree importance we can find other factors that influence to concrete performance. This document presents a database constructed with results from different scientific articles oriented to study the concrete durability, focusing on a key factor to determine the concrete durability, such as the penetration and diffusion of chlorides. For this, was obtained different mixes, chemical compositions of the cementitious materials, curing types, results of compression tests and results of penetration diffusion of chlorides. To analyze the influence of different parameters on the concrete durability was used classic statistic and artificial neural networks and thus be able to predict the behavior of this according to parameters. It is verified that the results obtained by artificial neural networks are better than the results obtained by classical statistical methods. Also, it is confirmed the main variables that influence the behavior of concrete to the attack by chlorides are the water-total cementitious materials ratio, the concrete type, and the supplementary cementitious materials.Ortiz Bruno, MV. (2019). Modelos predictivos de resistencia y durabilidad en hormigones. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/129506TFG

Social Dilemmas and Indirect Reciprocity: A systematic review

Indirect reciprocity is an evolutionary theory of altruism and cooperation in social dilemmas. Its explanation of cooperation incorporates information on the reputation people hold of other people regarding whether they are cooperative or not. This study systematically reviewed the current empirical literature on indirect reciprocity in social dilemma situations. The following databases were consulted: ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and OVID, using has key words "indirect reciprocity" AND "dilemma" OR "cooperation" OR "charity". Twenty-three articles were selected which met the inclusion criteria (papers written in English and studies whose methodology was based on experimental games) and the theories, objectives, the main types of samples used, and main results were analyzed. The results show that the games used were the indirect reciprocity and public goods games, which may vary according to the objectives. It was found that reputation is a key variable that helps to promote cooperation. In turn, information on previous cooperation helps to build reputation, which is subsequently involved in the decision to cooperate with others. Finally, we highlight the need for more experimental studies that incorporate other explanatory variables and evaluate them in new contexts

Estudo psicométrico do Rational Experiential Inventory em uma amostra de estudantes da Argentina

The Rational Experiential Inventory consist of two large scales (rational and experiential), each one with two subscales (ability and engagement). Their psychometric properties have been studied in several countries, but there are no reports in the Latin American context. In this study we analyzed the factor structure and internal consistency of the Rational Experiential Inventory, and assessed the relationships between processing styles and different personality dimensions in a sample of students from Argentina. The results show an underlying two factorstructure with good internal consistency values. Only one significant relationshipbetween experiential style and extraversion was observed. A version with fewer items was attained and, due to its adequate psychometric properties, this instrument may be used in future research studies.El Rational Experiential Inventory comprende dos grandes escalas (racional y experiencial), cada una con dos subescalas (habilidad y preferencia). Sus propiedades psicométricas han sido estudiadas en varios países, sin existir, según nuestro conocimiento, estudios en el contexto Latinoamericano. En este estudio analizamos la estructura factorial y consistencia interna del Rational Experiential Inventory y evaluamos las relaciones entre los modos de procesamiento y distintas dimensiones de la personalidad en una muestra de estudiantes de Argentina.  Los resultados muestran una estructura subyacente de dos factores, con buenos valores de consistencia interna. Solo se observó una relación positiva entre el modo experiencial y extroversión. Se obtuvo una versión con menor cantidad de ítems con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para ser utilizada en contextos de investigación.O Rational Experential Inventory inclui dois grandes escalas (racional e experiencial), cada uma com duas subescalas (de habilidade e de preferência). Suas propriedades psicométricas têm sido estudadas em vários países, sem existir, segundo nosso conhecimento, estudos no contexto latino-americano. Neste estudo analisamos a estrutura fatorial e consistência interna do Rational Experential Inventory e avaliamos as relações entre os modos de processamento e diferentes dimensões da personalidade em uma amostra de estudantes da Argentina. Os resultados mostram uma estrutura subjacente de dois fatores, com valores adequados de consistência interna. Foi observada apenas uma relação positiva entre o modo experiencial e extroversão. Obteve-se uma versão com menos itens com propriedades psicométricas adequadas para uso em ambientes de pesquisa

Atitudes em relação às políticas sociais: dos indicadores individuais aos construtos latentes

The objective of this study was to identify latent dimensions of attitudes towards social policies from a series of items commonly used in locally relevant literature on the subject. Specifically, we analysed evidence of structural validity and internal consistency of a set of 24 items on attitudes towards social policies. A total of 442 people aged 18 to 64 from Gran Cordoba (Argentina) participated. Exploratory and confirmatory (two factors, three factors, four factors, second order) models were assessed. The exploratory evidence did not provide satisfactory results. In the confirmatory analyses, the four-factor model showed an acceptable fit, with the following item clustering: targeted beneficiary-centred policies that tend towards social welfare (7 items), targeted beneficiary-centred policies that tend toward social advancement (6 items), targeted contributor-centred policies (4 items), and universal policies (7 items). All items showed factor loadings greater than .40. The internal consistency values were higher than .70. The results showed the possibility of considering latent dimensions on attitudes towards social policies. We underline the need to develop interdisciplinary and contextualized research in this regard.El objetivo de este estudio fue avanzar hacia la identificación de dimensiones latentes a partir de una serie de ítems comúnmente utilizados en la literatura sobre políticas sociales con relevancia local. Específicamente, se analizó la evidencia de validez estructural y de consistencia interna de un conjunto de 24 ítems sobre actitudes hacia políticas sociales. Participaron 442 personas de 18 a 64 años del Gran Córdoba (Argentina). Se evaluaron modelos de manera exploratoria y confirmatoria (dos factores, tres factores, cuatro factores, segundo orden). La evidencia exploratoria no arrojó resultados satisfactorios. En los análisis confirmatorios el modelo de cuatro factores mostró un ajuste aceptable, con el siguiente agrupamiento de ítems: políticas focalizadas centradas en el beneficiario que tienden a la asistencia (7 ítems), políticas focalizadas centradas en el beneficiario que tienden a la promoción (6 ítems), políticas focalizadas centradas en el contribuyente (4 ítems) y políticas universales (7 ítems). Todos los ítems mostraron cargas factoriales superiores a .40. Los valores de consistencia interna fueron superiores a .70. Los resultados evidencian la posibilidad de considerar dimensiones latentes a las actitudes hacia políticas sociales. Se destaca la necesidad de desarrollar trabajos interdisciplinarios y con anclaje local en relación a la temática.O objetivo deste estudo foi avançar na identificação de dimensões latentes a partir de uma série de itens comumente utilizados na literatura sobre políticas sociais com relevância local. Especificamente, analisamos as evidências de validade estrutural e consistência interna de um conjunto de 24 itens sobre atitudes em relação às políticas sociais. Participaram 442 pessoas de 18 a 64 anos da Grande Córdoba (Argentina). Os modelos foram avaliados de forma exploratória e confirmatória (dois fatores, três fatores, quatro fatores, segunda ordem). Os resultados da evidência exploratória foram insatisfatórios. Em análises confirmatórias, o modelo de quatro fatores mostrou um ajuste aceitável. Esse modelo implica o agrupamento dos itens nas seguintes dimensões: políticas direcionadas ao beneficiário que tendem a cuidar (7 itens), políticas direcionadas ao beneficiário que tendem a promover (6 itens), políticas direcionadas ao contribuinte (4 itens) e políticas universais (7 itens). Todos os itens apresentaram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,40. Os valores de consistência interna foram maiores que 0,70. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de considerar dimensões latentes nas atitudes em relação às políticas sociais. Destacamos a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho interdisciplinar e ancorado localmente

Comparación de la estructura normativa laboral de Colombia y México

Trabajo de Síntesis AplicadaLa movilidad técnica internacional a México fue un espacio que incluyó varias actividades lúdicas y de conocimiento, las cuales facilitaron la interacción intercultural permitiendo conocer una realidad más allá de lo que presentan los medios de comunicación. Esta experiencia nos llevó a comparar las diferencias y similitudes significativas entre Colombia y México en cuanto a gastronomía, cultura, historia, política, oportunidades, riesgos, intereses y relaciones laborales.INTRODUCCIÓN RESUMEN PLANTEAMINETO DEL PROBLEMA OBJETIVOS 1. NORMAS LABORALES EN COLOMBIA Y MEXICO. 2. ESTRUCTURA LABORAL EN COLOMBIA Y MEXICO. 3. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS EN LA ESTRUCTURA O NORMATIVIDAD DE CADA PAIS 4. EXPERENCIA PERSONAL DE UN COLOMBIANO QUE MIGRA PARA MEJORAR SUS CONDICIONES LABORALES. CONCLUSIONES. BIBLIOGRAFIAEspecializaciónEspecialista en Formulación y Evaluación Social y Económica de Proyecto

Effectiveness of child sexual abuse prevention programs on knowledge acquisition: A meta-analytical study

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of maltreatment considered a global health problem. CSA is a traumatic experience with important consequences for the victim’s health. It is essential to report the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs to offer society useful tools to combat this abuse. Objective: We aimed to study the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs on the knowledge acquisition based on comparing pre- and post-treatment changes, and also if their effectiveness is related to program-related and methodological variables. Participants and settings: Standardised mean change (with studies that report pre-post program measures) of the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs published between 2014 and 2021 was carried out. Methods: The general effectiveness of these programs and whether the results were influenced by program-related variables (the duration, the target population, participants’ age, or the type of intervention) or by methodology-related factors (the agent who taught them, the geographical area where they were carried out or the way the programs were evaluated) were analysed. A total of 43 samples analysing knowledge about CSA as a dependent variable were included. Results: The results reported a combined effect size considered large (dMR = 0.96, 95 % CI [ 1.10, 0.82], p < .001). High inter-study heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis, although only the geographic area where the studies were conducted appears as a significant moderator. Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevention programs included in this analysis significantly improved the participants’ knowledge acquisitionFunding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

A Catalogue of Adaptation Rules to Support Local Changes in Microservice Compositions Implemented as Choreographies of BPMN Fragments

Microservices need to be composed in order to provide their customers with valuable services. To do so, event-based choreographies are used many times since they help to maintain a lower coupling among microservices. In previous works, we presented an approach that proposed creating the big picture of the composition in a BPMN model, splitting it into BPMN fragments and distributing these fragments among microservices. In this way, we implemented a microservice composition as an event-based choreography of BPMN fragments. Based on this approach, this work focuses on supporting the evolution of a microservice composition. We pay special attention to how a microservice composition can be evolved from the local perspective of a microservice since changes performed locally can affect the communication among microservices and as a result the integrity of the whole composition. In particular, we present a catalogue of compensation rules that characterize all the local changes that can be done in an event-based communication element of a BPMN fragment. We also analyse the generated inconsistencies and propose the required actions to adapt the affected participants and guarantee a functional composition.Ortiz Amaya, J.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Valderas Aranda, PJ. (2022). A Catalogue of Adaptation Rules to Support Local Changes in Microservice Compositions Implemented as Choreographies of BPMN Fragments. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18155