Factores asociados al cese de las empresas en su fase inicial

Los factores internos de la empresa y el entorno en la que se ubica asociados al cese de las empresas en sus primeros meses de vida, y el proceso que lleva al mismo, son cuestiones importantes pero poco analizadas en los estudios sobre creación de empresas. Son diversas las investigaciones que afirman que las empresas pequeñas, jóvenes y de determinadas zonas, están más abocadas al cese, y que el tamaño, la edad y el área geográfica en la que se ubique, influyen negativa o positivamente en la probabilidad de cese del negocio. Pero resulta complicado realizar un análisis empírico sobre los factores asociados a ello por la dificultad de delimitar el concepto de cese empresarial y el coste de realizar estudios empíricos comparativos con continuidad en el tiempo. Es por ello, que este estudio aporta una evidencia empírica a la literatura existente sobre los factores internos y del entorno asociados al tamaño, la edad y la ubicación de las empresas de nueva creación, que influyen en el cese de la actividad económica en su fase inicial en España.The internal factors of the company and the environment in the one that is located associated with the cessation of the companies in his first months of life, and the process that takes the same one, there are questions important but little analyzed in the studies on entrepreneurship. There are diverse the investigations that affirm that the small, young companies and of certain areas, they are more exposed to the cessation, and that the size, the age and the geographical area in the one that is located, influence denial or positively in the probability of cessation of the business. But it turns out to be complicated to realize an empirical analysis on the factors associated with it by the difficulty of delimiting the concept of managerial cessation and the cost of realizing empirical comparative studies with continuity in the time. It is for it, that this study contributes an empirical evidence to the existing literature on the internal factors and of the environment associated with the size, the age and the place of the entrepreneurship, which influence the cessation of the economic activity his initial phase in Spain

Late gadolinium enhancement distribution patterns in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: Genotype-phenotype correlation.

AIMS Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is frequently found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), there is little information about its frequency and distribution pattern according to underlying genetic substrate. We sought to describe LGE patterns according to genotype and to analyze the risk of major ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) according to patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac magnetic resonance findings and LGE distribution according to genetics was performed in a cohort of 600 DCM patients followed at 20 Spanish centers. After exclusion of individuals with multiple causative gene variants or with variants in infrequent DCM-causing genes, 577 patients (34% females, mean age 53.5 years, LVEF 36.9 ± 13.9%) conformed the final cohort. A causative genetic variant was identified in 219 (38%) patients and 147 (25.5%) had LGE. Significant differences were found comparing LGE patterns between genes (P < 0.001). LGE was absent or rare in patients with variants in TNNT2, RBM20 and MYH7 (0%, 5% and 20%, respectively). Patients with variants in DMD, DSP and FLNC showed predominance of LGE subepicardial pattern (50%, 41% and 18%, respectively) whereas patients with variants in TTN, BAG3, LMNA and MYBPC3 showed unspecific LGE patterns. Genetic yield differed according to LGE pattern. Patients with subepicardial, lineal midwall, transmural, right ventricular insertion points or with combination of LGE patterns showed increased risk of MVA compared with patients without LGE. CONCLUSION LGE patterns in DCM has a specific distribution according to the affected gene. Certain LGE patterns are associated with increased risk of MVA and with increased yield of genetic testing.This study has been funded by Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the projects ‘PI18/0004, PI19/01283, and PI20/0320’ (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund ‘A way to make Europe’/‘Investing in your future’). The Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, the Hospital Universitario Vall Hebrón, the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, and the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca are members of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart). F.d.F. receives grant support from ISCIII (CM20/00101). R.B. receives funding from the Obra Social la Caixa Foundation. M.B. receives funding from ISCIII (PI19/01283). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government (MCIN), and Pro CNIC Foundation.S

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Revision de la literatura en fracaso empresarial: aproximación bibliométrica

This article proposes a research methodology in the first phases of the investigation, delimiting, in a scientific way, the field object of study and the bibliographical sources of the same one as for authors and journals. For it, there we did a review of the scientific articles using the computer tool of analysis called Sitkis, developed on Java and in exclusive interview to carry out libramemtry analysis rationalized. By means of the search for key words in the contents of the databases ISI Web of Knowledge in the field of the defeat in the creation of companies, we observe the evolution of the scientific production, and across the analysis of social networks (A.R.S.), we determine the documents and the most influential authors of this field.Este artículo propone una metodología de búsqueda en las primeras fases de la investigación, delimitando, de una manera científica, el campo objeto de estudio y las fuentes bibliográficas del mismo en cuanto a autores y revistas científicas. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los artículos científicos utilizando la herramienta informática de análisis Sitkis, desarrollado sobre Java y en exclusiva para efectuar análisis bibliométricos racionalizados. Mediante la búsqueda por palabras clave en los contenidos de las bases de datos de la Web of Science en el campo del fracaso en la creación de empresas, observamos la evolución de la producción científica, y a través del análisis de redes sociales (A.R.S.), determinamos los documentos y autores más influyentes en el campo investigado

Actividad emprendedora y género: un estudio comparativo

El presente artículo analiza en el marco del Proyecto GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), la existencia de diferencias de género en la actividad emprendedora en el período 2003-2006 en España y Extremadura. También se examinan estas diferencias a través de diversas características y factores psicológicos, sociales o económicos. Los resultados del estudio empírico más significativos nos revelan que el género está relacionado con la actividad emprendedora, con la edad, con el nivel de estudios y de renta del empresario o con el conocimiento de otros empresarios, con la percepción de oportunidades y con el miedo al fracaso, pero estas relaciones son débiles y poco explicativas

Late gadolinium enhancement distribution patterns in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy : genotype-phenotype correlation

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is frequently found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); there is little information about its frequency and distribution pattern according to the underlying genetic substrate. We sought to describe LGE patterns according to genotypes and to analyse the risk of major ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) according to patterns. Cardiac magnetic resonance findings and LGE distribution according to genetics were performed in a cohort of 600 DCM patients followed at 20 Spanish centres. After exclusion of individuals with multiple causative gene variants or with variants in infrequent DCM-causing genes, 577 patients (34% females, mean age 53.5 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 36.9 ± 13.9%) conformed to the final cohort. A causative genetic variant was identified in 219 (38%) patients, and 147 (25.5%) had LGE. Significant differences were found comparing LGE patterns between genes (P < 0.001). LGE was absent or rare in patients with variants in TNNT2, RBM20, and MYH7 (0, 5, and 20%, respectively). Patients with variants in DMD, DSP, and FLNC showed a predominance of LGE subepicardial patterns (50, 41, and 18%, respectively), whereas patients with variants in TTN, BAG3, LMNA, and MYBPC3 showed unspecific LGE patterns. The genetic yield differed according to LGE patterns. Patients with subepicardial, lineal midwall, transmural, and right ventricular insertion points or with combinations of LGE patterns showed an increased risk of MVA compared with patients without LGE. LGE patterns in DCM have a specific distribution according to the affected gene. Certain LGE patterns are associated with an increased risk of MVA and with an increased yield of genetic testing

Combination of late gadolinium enhancement and genotype improves prediction of prognosis in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Aims: Genotype and left ventricular scar on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are increasingly recognized as risk markers for adverse outcomes in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We investigated the combined influence of genotype and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in assessing prognosis in a large cohort of patients with DCM. Methods and results: Outcomes of 600 patients with DCM (53.3 ± 14.1 years, 66% male) who underwent clinical CMR and genetic testing were retrospectively analysed. The primary endpoints were end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA). During a median follow-up of 2.7 years (interquartile range 1.3–4.9), 24 (4.00%) and 48 (8.00%) patients had ESHF and MVA, respectively. In total, 242 (40.3%) patients had pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (positive genotype) and 151 (25.2%) had LGE. In survival analysis, positive LGE was associated with MVA and ESHF (both, p < 0.001) while positive genotype was associated with ESHF (p = 0.034) but not with MVA (p = 0.102). Classification of patients according to genotype (G+/G−) and LGE presence (L+/L−) revealed progressively increasing events across L−/G−, L−/G+, L+/G− and L+/G+ groups and resulted in optimized MVA and ESHF prediction (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Hazard ratios for MVA and ESHF in patients with either L+ or G+ compared with those with L−/G− were 4.71 (95% confidence interval: 2.11–10.50, p < 0.001) and 7.92 (95% confidence interval: 1.86–33.78, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Classification of patients with DCM according to genotype and LGE improves MVA and ESHF prediction. Scar assessment with CMR and genotyping should be considered to select patients for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placementThis work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI18/0004, PI19/01283, PI20/0320). (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund ‘A way to make Europe’/‘Investing in your future’). The Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, the Hospital Clinic, the Hospital Vall d’Hebron, the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca are members of the European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, and complex diseases of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, MCIN, the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence program (CEX2020-001041-S). Conflict of interest: none declare

Centenarians and their hearts: a prospective registry with comprehensive geriatric assessment, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and follow-up

Background Data on the cardiac characteristics of centenarians are scarce. Our aim was to describe electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography in a cohort of centenarians and to correlate them with clinical data. Methods We used prospective multicenter registry of 118 centenarians (28 men) with a mean age of 101.5 ± 1.7 years. Electrocardiogram was performed in 103 subjects (87.3%) and echocardiography in 100 (84.7%). All subjects underwent a follow-up for at least 6 months. Results Centenarians with abnormal ECG were less frequently females (72% vs 93%), had higher rates of previous consumption of tobacco (14% vs 0) and alcohol (24% vs 12%), and scored lower in the perception of health status (6.8 ± 2.0 vs 8.3 ± 6.8). Centenarians with significant abnormalities in echocardiography were less frequently able to walk 6 m (33% vs 54%). Atrial fibrillation/flutter was found in 27 subjects (26%). Mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 60.0 ± 10.5%. Moderate or severe aortic valve stenosis was found in 16%, mitral valve regurgitation in 15%, and aortic valve regurgitation in 13%. Diastolic dysfunction was assessed in 79 subjects and was present in 55 (69.6%). Katz index and LV dilation were independently associated with the ability to walk 6 m. Age, Charlson and Katz indexes, and the presence of significant abnormalities in echocardiography were associated with mortality. Conclusions Centenarians have frequent ECG alterations and abnormalities in echocardiography. More than one fifth has atrial fibrillation, and most have diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular dilation was associated with the ability to walk 6 m. Significant abnormalities in echocardiography were associated with mortality.4.332 JCR (2015) Q1, 26/124 Cardiac & cardiovascular systemsUE