Sustained impact of drought on wet shrublands mediated by soil physical changes

13 páginas.-- 6 figuras.-- 52 referencias.-- The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10533-014-0059-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.-- Domínguez, María Teresa et al...Projected climate warming may substantially increase carbon emissions from wet organic soils, contributing to a positive feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate change. Evidence suggests that in these soils the stimulation of soil respiration by warming can be sustained over long periods of time due to the large availability of C substrates. However, the long-term response of wet organic soils to drought remains uncertain. Organo-mineral soils might be particularly vulnerable, because of their limited soil moisture pool to buffer drought events. Using a whole-ecosystem climate-change experiment in North Wales (UK) we show that soil respiration in podzolic (organo-mineral) soils from wet shrublands is more vulnerable to recurrent drought than to warming, and that the drought impact does not attenuate at decadal time scales. Stimulation of soil respiration by drought was linked to major changes in soil structure that led to a 54 % reduction in water holding capacity compared to control. Bryophyte abundance was found to buffer soil moisture losses, moderating soil CO2 efflux under warming. As there was no evidence of change in plant productivity to offset the increased soil C emissions under drought, this response may result in a positive climate feedback. The results indicate the potentially critical role that changes in sub-dominant vegetation and in soil physical properties may have in determining climate change impacts on soil C dynamics.We thank all the CEH staff members who have contributed to the experiment establishment and maintenance over the years, in particular David Williams. This research was funded by the EU projects CLIMOOR, VULCAN and INCREASE FP7-INFRASTRUCTURE-2008-1 (Grant Agreement no. 227628)—the INCREASE project. M.T.D was supported by two postdoctoral fellowships awarded by the Spanish National Science and Technology FoundationPeer reviewe

La evolución de la pobreza en la población y en los trabajadores en España

Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación DER2015-63701-C3-1-

Assessment of Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration by a Rapid Luminescent Method

The adulteration of virgin olive oil with hazelnut oil is a common fraud in the food industry, which makes mandatory the development of accurate methods to guarantee the authenticity and traceability of virgin olive oil. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a rapid luminescent method to characterize edible oils and to detect adulterations among them. A regression model based on five luminescent frequencies related to minor oil components was designed and validated, providing excellent performance for the detection of virgin olive oil adulteration

Characterization of dielectric charging in MEMS using Diffusive Representation

Postprint (author's final draft

Estudio de suelos del Corredor Verde del Guadiamar: características fisico-químicas y contaminación residual

83 páginas.-- 81 figuras.-- 38 tablas.-- 19 referencias.-- Memoria presentada en el XX Curso Internacional de Edafología y BiologíaDirectores: Marañón, Teodoro y Murillo Carpio, José ManuelLa madrugada del 25 de abril de 1998, el dique de contención de la balsa de decantación de la mina de los Frailes en Aznalcóllar (Sevilla), situada en la margen derecha del rio Agrio, a 2 km de su confluencia con el rio Guadiamar, se desplazó unos 60 m, dejando abierta una brecha de 50 m por la que se vertió la mezcla de lodos y aguas ácidas que contenía, productos de desecho de explotación de la pirita. La balsa, antes de ser utilizada por la explotación de los Frailes, fue utilizada durante 16 años por la mina de Aznalcóllar (1979-1995), periodo en el que se trataron unas 43 millones de toneladas de sulfuros poli metálicos (López-Pamo el al., 1999). A través de la brecha salieron unos 2 hm3 de lodos y 3-4 hm3 de aguas ácidas, que inundaron las cuencas de los ríos Agrio y Guadiamar 60 km aguas debajo de la balsa, hasta la zona de Entremuros, limite del Parque Nacional de Doñana. Allí la riada fue contenida gracias a la construcción de hasta tres muros de retención. Una parte de los lodos se depositó en el cauce (unos 985.497 m\ y otra sobre los suelos de las márgenes de ambos ríos (996.347 m3 ), 300 m a ambos lados. El espesor de la capa depositada dependía de la distancia a la balsa y de la elevación con respecto al nivel del río, oscilando entre menos de 2 cm y más de 1.5 m. El espesor más abundante fue de 2 a 5 cm (López- Pamo el al., 1999). En total, 4286.4 ha fueron afectadas, 2710 de ellas cubiertas por lodos y el resto afectadas por las aguas ácidas. Comprendían, en su mayoría, zonas agrícolas y pastizales de diversos municipios de la Provincia de SevillaRealizado en el marco del Convenio específico Consejería de Medio Ambiente (Junta de Andalucía)-CSIC para el seguimiento de seres vivos en el area afectada por el vertido de las minas de Boliden- Aprisa, S. LPeer reviewe

Sostenibilidad y laboratorios escolares

In this work we present a study of how environmental sustainability deals with on secondary school centres. The analysis includes the current status in teaching chemistry at secondary level: laboratory teaching, classroom books and the point of view of chemistry teachers about the environmental hazard of some of the chemicals used along in these tasks. In order to derive conclusions we start proposing the following questions: 1. Which dangerous substances for the environment can be found in the secondary school laboratories and how frequently are they used? 2. What is done with the products after a chemical reaction? 3. Are the chemistry teachers aware of the dangerous substances used and stored in their laboratories? 4. Which hazardous substances for the environment are proposed in the secondary chemistry books to perform practical works? Is the given information about their impact on the environment enough

Recent Advances in Homogeneous Metal-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds

Csp(3)-H oxidation of benzylic methylene compounds is an established strategy for the synthesis of aromatic ketones, esters, and amides. The need for more sustainable oxidizers has encouraged researchers to explore the use of molecular oxygen. In particular, homogeneous metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes has attracted much attention. This account summarizes the development of this oxidative strategy in the last two decades, examining key factors such as reaction yields, substrate: catalyst ratio, substrate scope, selectivity over other oxidation byproducts, and reaction conditions including solvents and temperature. Finally, several mechanistic proposals to explain the observed results will be discussed.(IT-774-13 (Basque Government) and CTQ2017-86630-P (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) projects