Rehabilitación energética de edificios de vivienda de principios del siglo XX

La energía y su consumo es actualmente uno de los principales problemas del mundo, ya que este consumo conlleva emisiones de CO2 y otros gases de efecto invernadero. Como el principal consumo de energía se produce en los edificios, su uso y construcción, mediante la normativa actual se intenta reducir al mínimo esos consumos, y gracias a los nuevos materiales llegar a un consumo nulo. Pero el problema reside en el parque edificado, y más concretamente en los edificios con valor arquitectónico y que se encuentran catalogados, pues estos no van a poder sustituirse por unos de consumo nulo. En este trabajo analizaremos los edificios de finales de siglo XIX y principios del XX que se encuentran catalogados, y las posibles soluciones de rehabilitación energética, buscando unas soluciones que mantengan ese valor interior y exterior, y que supongan una reducción de la demanda energética actualGrado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectur

Análisis y valoración de las estrategias LEADER 2014-2020 en Castilla y León.

En las últimas décadas es frecuente que se repita una y otra vez el término “Despoblación” y con mayor frecuencia en el ámbito territorial en el cual se desarrolla el presente trabajo, Castilla y León es una región predominantemente rural caracterizada por concentrar municipios con bajas densidades de población. Por ello, la metodología LEADER denomina a los Grupos de Acción Local como los principales agentes dinamizadores del medio rural. En el periodo LEADER 2014-2020 todos los G.A.L. han presentado una estrategia en la cual se proponen una serie de objetivos y acciones a desarrollar en dicho periodo, con el fin de generar sinergias en el medio rural. Se analizarán y valorarán las acciones con el propósito de obtener cuales son aquellas que predominan en mayor lugar, del mismo modo se valorará y analizará la estructura de las estrategias con el fin de obtener semejanzas o diferencias entre las distintas asociaciones. Todo ello con el propósito final, de obtener como resultado si los G.A.L generan o no un correcto desarrollo rural.<br /

La antigua laguna de Ágreda

Los manantiales kársticos de los Ojillos condicionaron la creación de una barrera de toba en el cauce del río Que1les, con la consiguiente formación de una laguna plenamente funcional durante el Pleistoceno Medio, Pleistoceno Supeor y Holoceno, aunque en los últimos siglos el ambiente fuera más pantanoso que lagunar propiamente dicho. Dicha laguna se extendía en la zona actualmente ocupada por el Parque de la Dehesa hasta el Polígono Industrial de Ágreda, y llego a tener 20 m de profundidad. El aluvionamionto de la misma por las riadas del Queiles, y la acción antrópica de drenaje y saneamiento, han sido posiblemente las principales causas de su desaparición

A hybrid photogrammetry approach for archaeological sites: Block alignment issues in a case study (the Roman camp of A Cidadela)

This is the accepted manuscript of the following article: Arza-García, M., Gil-Docampo, M., & Ortiz-Sanz, J. (2019). A hybrid photogrammetry approach for archaeological sites: Block alignment issues in a case study (the Roman camp of A Cidadela). Journal Of Cultural Heritage. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2019.01.001Photogrammetry is a cost-effective and versatile technique used for the threedimensional (3D) registration of archaeological heritage sites. Managing datasets of heterogeneous images in terms of camera type, elevation platform, position or acquisition time can now be addressed by structure from motion (SfM) software via bundle adjustment in a single block based on collinearity principles. This development enables new possibilities with regard to data completeness assurance for 3D documentation, even for complex sites with occlusive elements and hidden areas. However, hybrid photogrammetry in large datasets often requires multiple photogrammetric blocks that must be processed individually and subsequently aligned to obtain a unified point cloud. In this paper, we discuss the steps required to homogenize the information and the methods used to perform block alignment in these cases. A case study of low-altitude aerial photogrammetry with several cameras and platforms is presented for the Roman camp of A Cidadela in NW Spain as a representative example of an archaeological site that is difficult to survey using a single photogrammetric platform. The relatively large expanse of the area and the fact that it is partially covered by a protective structure constitute an ideal framework for the fusion of multiplatform imagery. The most accurate digital surface model (DSM) was obtained via point-based method fusion, during which subsets are aligned based on automatically extracted tie points (TPs) between the dense point clouds; however, point-based method fusion is very time consuming. When hardware capabilities allow, conducting the process in a single block is preferable, which is a noticeably more accurate procedure than independent block fusionThe study was supported by Xunta de Galicia under the "Financial aid for the consolidation and structure of competitive units of investigation in the universities of the University Galician System (2016-18)" grant Ref. ED431B 2016/030 and Ref. ED341D R2016/023. The authors thank all project partners and collaborators. We would especially like to thank Dr. Santiago Martínez, PhD, for the technical support and IRIS UAV Services S.L. for conducting the flightS

A World Wide Web-Based Practice That Disseminates Photogrammetry. Inspiring secondary students to pursue geomatics careers

This is the accepted version of a manuscript published in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine. ISSN: 2168-6831. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2018.2876565The D3MOBILE Metrology World League was established in 2013 with the aim of encouraging curiosity and interest in science, and particularly geoscience, in the secondary students of grades ISCED 1 and 2. Presented as an international championship, D3MOBILE introduces students to the discipline of photogrammetry through the e-learning methodology concept. The use of well-known technologies by the pupils, such as their own mobile devices (smartphones or tablets), allows us to develop educational procedures that are attractive and challenging for them. All the work that we propose for the participants is presented in a scientific, technical, and professional language but in a more interactive format than traditional textbooks or theoretical classes. The proposed challenges provide students with the opportunity to establish their own learning objectives, work as a team and take responsibility for their work. This paper addresses the experience, from an educational perspective, carried out by our research group CIGEO (Civil Engineering and Geomatics) during the organization of the first five editions of this international “concept submission competition”. During this period, we tried to create and improve a project-based learning (PBL) methodology that can be adapted to e-learning and daily classwork at the high school level, which can be easily implemented regardless of the number of participants and can be implemented anywhere in the world. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of alternative teaching methods combined with new technologies to engage students in science learning and improve the perception of the geosciences as a job opportunityWe thankfully acknowledge the financial support from FECYT—Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FCT 12-3495; FCT 13-5961; FCT 14-8038; FCT 15-9481); and Xunta de Galicia (ED431B22016/030; ED341DR2016/023). We would also like to thank our large number of sponsors and collaborators: Universia, BQ, Autodesk, National Geographic Institute (IGN), City Council of Lugo, Provincial Council of Lugo, Spanish Center of Metrology (CEM), Fundación Vodafone, CEAPA, City Council of La Coruña, Fundación Barrié, ANPE, CSI-F, Fundación Comforp, PCE, Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina), Fundacion Mujeres, EDUCACION 3.0. and likely even more entities. Finally, we would like to thank the schoolteachers and students whose work and dedication allowed this project to achieve its objectivesS

The Future Professionals in Geomatics

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A PBeL for training non-experts in mobile-based photogrammetry and accurate 3-D recording of small-size/non-complex objects

The high level of automation, user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness of photogrammetry have contributed significantly to its popularisation among amateur users in recent years. Paradoxically, this situation poses challenges when relying on the accuracy of the derived 3-D products requiring control procedures to be implemented. In this context, we present a case study of the D3Mobile project: a fully online competition for participants worldwide funded by the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). The aim is for participants to obtain reality-based 3-D models using their own mobile phones and to critically examine the metric accuracy that hides behind the beguiling realism of photogrammetry. The relative precision of the former participants’ models reached values around 1:2,000, proportionally to the object size. These results provide an idea of the current level of development of photogrammetry and the potential it offers for any kind of user after proper capacity building and trainingS

Significance of ROS in oxygen sensing in cell systems with sensitivy to ohysiological hypoxia

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecular entities which are more potent and effective oxidizing agents than is molecular oxygen itself. With the exception of phagocytic cells, where ROS play an important physiological role in defense reactions, ROS have classically been considered undesirable byproducts of cell metabolism, existing several cellular mechanisms aimed to dispose them. Recently, however, ROS have been considered important intracellular signaling molecules, which may act as mediators or second messengers in many cell functions. This is the proposed role for ROS in oxygen sensing in systems, such as carotid body chemoreceptor cells, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and erythropoietin-producing cells. These unique cells comprise essential parts of homeostatic loops directed to maintain oxygen levels in multicellular organisms in situations of hypoxia. The present article examines the possible significance of ROS in these three cell systems, and proposes a set of criteria that ROS should satisfy for their consideration as mediators in hypoxic transduction cascades. In none of the three cell types do ROS satisfy these criteria, and thus it appears that alternative mechanisms are responsible for the transduction cascades linking hypoxia to the release of neurotransmitters in chemoreceptor cells, contraction in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and erythropoietin secretion in erythropoietin producing cells

IR Thermography from UAVs to Monitor Thermal Anomalies in the Envelopes of Traditional Wine Cellars: Field Test

Infrared thermography (IRT) techniques for building inspection are currently becoming increasingly popular as non-destructive methods that provide valuable information about surface temperature (ST) and ST contrast (delta-T). With the advent of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted thermal cameras, IRT technology is now endowed with improved flexibility from an aerial perspective for the study of building envelopes. A case study cellar in Northwest (NW) Spain is used to assess the capability and reliability of low-altitude passive IRT in evaluating a typical semi-buried building. The study comparatively assesses the use of a pole-mounted FLIR B335 camera and a drone-mounted FLIR Vue Pro R camera for this purpose. Both tested IRT systems demonstrate good e ectiveness in detecting thermal anomalies (e.g., thermal bridges, air leakages, constructive singularities, and moisture in the walls of the cellar) but pose some di culties in performing accurate ST measurements under real operating conditions. Working with UAVs gives great flexibility for the inspection, but the angle of view strongly influences the radiometric data captured and must be taken into account to avoid disturbances due to specular reflections.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the National Programme for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society grant for the project “Bioclimatic Design Strategies in Wine Cellars as Nearly Zero-Energy Building Models” [BIA2014-54291-R]S