Entre Oriente y Occidente. La relectura de los mitos en la obra traducida de Joumana Haddad

Contemporary mythology - created in recent centuries or the outcome of a reinterpretation of classical myths in the present - is conditioned by the language and culture in which it is developed and embraced. This becomes more acute when there is an exchange of myths between East and West. Then the translation acts as a fundamental element in the transmission. Furthermore, translation involves a tension between meanings in the original and the final language, which is very complex when different cultures are involved. According to these approaches, current revisions of myths produced in the literature of the Arab world that have arrived at the western reader, and specifically at the Spanish language one, are studied.  Specifically, it deals with the reinterpretation and rupture of the myth of Superman by the writer Joumana Haddad (Beirut, 1970) through the application of the features of this figure to the current Arab man.   La mitología contemporánea -creada en los últimos siglos o producto de una relectura de los mitos clásicos en el presente- se ve condicionada por la lengua y la cultura donde se forja y es recibida. Ello se agudiza cuando existe un intercambio de mitos entre Oriente y Occidente. Entonces la traducción actúa como elemento fundamental en la transmisión. Además, la traducción comporta una tensión entre los significados en la lengua original y en la terminal, muy compleja cuando se abordan culturas diferentes. Según estos planteamientos, se estudian revisiones actuales de mitos producidas en la literatura del mundo árabe que han llegado al lector occidental, y específicamente al de lengua española.  En concreto, se atiende a la reinterpretación y ruptura del mito de Superman que lleva a cabo la escritora Joumana Haddad (Beirut, 1970) a través de la aplicación de los rasgos de tal figura al hombre árabe actual

The onset of electrospray: the universal scaling laws of the first ejection

The disintegration of liquid drops with low electrical conductivity and subject to an electric field is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. This disintegration takes place through the development of a conical cusp that eventually ejects an ultrathin liquid ligament. A first tiny drop is emitted from the end of this ligament. Due to its exceptionally small size and large electric charge per unit volume, that drop has been the object of relevant recent studies. In this paper, universal scaling laws for the diameter and electric charge of the first issued droplet are proposed and validated both numerically and experimentally. Our analysis shows how charge relaxation is the mechanism that differentiates the onset of electrospray, including the first droplet ejection, from the classical steady cone-jet mode. In this way, our study identifies when and where charge relaxation and electrokinetic phenomena come into play in electrospray, a subject of live controversy in the field.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2013-4648

Prácticas externas y trabajo fin de grado en el Grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universitat Jaume I

Comunicació presentada a la V Jornada Nacional sobre Estudios Universitarios: "estructura de títulos V3.2 y I Taller de innovación educativa: motivar para emprender", celebrada a Castelló de la Plana els dies 12 i 13 de novembre de 2015Todos los grados de la Universitat Jaume I exigen, además de un trabajo fin de grado, la realización de unas prácticas externas en empresas que son obligatorias para todos los estudiantes. En el nuevo plan de estudios del Grado en Ingeniería Informática se optó por integrar ambos requisitos en una única asignatura con una carga total de 18 créditos, de los cuales 12 (300 horas) deben realizarse en una empresa externa. En este artículo se presentan las principales ventajas e inconvenientes que hemos encontrado en el desarrollo de esta asignatura en los casi dos cursos que lleva implantada. Analizamos las conclusiones desde estos puntos de vista: La formación del estudiante, que debe realizar obligatoriamente un proyecto con un perfil profesional, ya que debe desarrollarlo en su mayor parte en la empresa; La participación de las empresas del entorno, que deben colaborar estrechamente con el grado; El proceso de evaluación, que implica al supervisor en la empresa, al tutor de la universidad y a un tribunal universitario; La gestión, organización y coordinación de la asignatura, que coordina estudiantes, empresas, profesores tutores y tribunales de evaluación. La valoración de este nuevo modelo que integra las prácticas externas con el TFG es muy positiva desde el punto de vista de la formación del estudiantado. Sin embargo, la valoración por parte de las empresas está más dividida. Aunque todas opinan que este modelo es muy beneficioso para la formación del estudiantado, algunas piensan que la gestión es poco flexible y podría proporcionar al estudiante una visión poco realista del trabajo real en una empresa, donde el trabajo del día a día no puede estar tan planificado

La sombra del patriarcado en las redes sociales del aula

La sociedad actual se encuentra inmersa en profundos cambios relacionales ligados a la identidad de género, manifestándose de diferentes formas, entre las que se encuentra la violencia de género. En este sentido, y en el marco del proyecto de excelencia Teón XXI, en el que se está realizando el diagnóstico de género en el sistema escolar andaluz como primera medida para la prevención de conductas violentas, cobra importancia analizar las relaciones que los y las estudiantes establecen. Así, el análisis de las redes sociales del aula constituye el objetivo principal de este estudio. En este trabajo se desarrollan técnicas sociométricas para analizar las redes sociales del aula con perspectiva de género, los posicionamientos y el estatus del alumnado. La metodología experimental utilizada, complementada con encuesta y observación, permite valorar la incidencia de los mandatos del patriarcado en la sociología escolar en aulas de Educación Primaria y Secundaria de Sevilla. Los resultados muestran cómo los mandatos de género influyen en la elección y rechazo de estudiantes, asimismo se contrastan diferencias en las relaciones que establece el alumnado según el supuesto presentado, identificándose formas de liderazgo diferentes en función del género

Immune response of DNA vaccinated-gilthead seabream against LCDV-Sa infection: relevance of the inflammatory process.

Lymphocystis disease is one of the main viral pathologies affecting cultured gilthead seabream in the Mediterranean area. Recently, we have developed a DNA-vaccine based on the major capsid protein of the Lymphocystis disease virus 3 (LCDV-Sa). The immune response triggered by LCDV-Sa or the vaccine in gilthead seabream has been previously study. In the present study, a comprehensive evaluation of immune-related gene expression in vaccinated fish after viral infection has been carried out to identify immune genes involved in the vaccine-induced protection. Gilthead seabream specimens (5 g mean weight) were distributed into 3 experimental groups; two of them were inoculated with the vaccine and the empty plasmid at 0.1 µg/g fish dose, respectively, whereas fish in the control group were inoculated with PBS. Thirty days post-vaccination, fish were intramuscularly injected with the virus at 106 TCID50/fish. Samples of head-kidney, spleen, intestine and caudal fin from 6 fish per group were individually collected at 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge. The expression and quantification of viral DNA in fins of fish challenged with LCDV-Sa were carried out by a qPCR assay targeting a viral structural gene (putative myristoylated membrane protein, MMP). Immune response was studied by an OpenArray® platform of 56 gene targets. The global effect of vaccination was a significant decrease of viral replication in vaccinated fish compared to fish in the control group, and the differential expression of immune genes related to viral recognition (tlr9), humoral and cellular response (rag1 and cd48), inflammation (csf1r, elam, il1β, and il6), antiviral response (isg15, mx1, mx2, and mx3), cell-mediated cytotoxicity (nccrp1), and apoptosis (prf1). The exclusive modulation of the immune response provoked by the vaccination seems to control the progression of the infection in the LCDV-Sa challenged gilthead seabream.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyectos P12-RNM-2261 y UMA20-FEDERJA-076, Junta de Andalucía y FEDER

Effect of fermented goat milk on body composition, basal metabolism, and food intake control in rats

Introducción: es conocido que la dieta juega un papel clave en la composición corporal y afecta al balance energético; sin embargo, la información es limitada acerca de la influencia de alimentos y nutrientes específicos como es el caso de los productos lácteos, un grupo básico de alimentos y una importante fuente de nutrientes en la dieta. Objetivos: evaluar la influencia del consumo de leche fermentada de cabra o vaca sobre la composición corporal y la regulación del apetito en animales adultos. Material y métodos: se han utilizado 20 ratas Wistar macho adultas, alimentadas durante 30 días con dietas basadas en leche fermentada de vaca o de cabra. Se analizaron la evolución de la composición corporal y las concentraciones plasmáticas de adipoquinas (leptina y adiponectina), hormonas reguladoras del metabolismo intermediario (grelina, insulina, hormona estimulante de la glándula tiroides, triyodotironina y tiroxina) y ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE). Resultados: el peso y el porcentaje de grasa corporal fueron menores (p < 0,001) y la masa magra fue mayor (p < 0,01) en los animales alimentados con la dieta basada en leche fermentada de cabra. No se registraron diferencias entre dietas para las concentraciones plasmáticas de hormonas tiroideas y de insulina. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de grelina y adiponectina disminuyeron (p < 0,001), y las de leptina y AGNE aumentaron (p < 0,001) con la dieta basada en leche fermentada de cabra. Conclusión: el consumo habitual de leche fermentada de cabra disminuye la adiposidad y el peso corporal en las ratas adultas al incrementar el gasto energético, la lipólisis y la sensación de saciedad.Introduction and objective: it is known that diet plays a key role in body composition and affects energy balance. However, scarce information is available in the scientific literature about the influence of food and specific nutrients such us dairy products, a basic food group and an important source of nutrients in the diet. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fermented dairy products (goat or cow milk) on body composition and appetite regulation in adult animals. Material and methods: twenty adult male Wistar albino rats were fed fermented goat or cow milk-based diets for 30 days. The evolution of body composition and plasma concentrations of adipokines (leptine and adiponectine), intermediary metabolism regulating hormones (ghrelin, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, triyodotironine, thyroxine), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were analyzed. Results: body weight and body fat percentage were lower (p < 0.001) in rats fed fermented goat milk versus those fed fermented cow milk, whereas lean mass percentage was higher (p < 0.01). Plasma thyroid hormone and insulin concentrations did not show significant differences between diets. The fermented goat milk-based diet decreased ghrelin and adiponectin levels (p < 0.001), and increased leptine and NEFA concentrations (p < 0.001). Conclusion: fermented goat milk consumption decreases adiposity and body weight in adult rats by increasing energy expenditure, lipolysis, and satiety sensation.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Junta de Andalucía en el marco del Proyecto de Excelencia P11-AGR-7648

Immune response of gilthead seabream infected with wild and mutant nervous necrosis virus reassortants.

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a disease that affects farmed fish worldwide. Its etiologic agent is the nervous necrosis virus currently classified into 4 species: SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and BFNNV. In Southern Europe, reassortants between RGNNV and SJNNV have been isolated from VNN outbreaks affecting Senegalese sole and gilthead seabream. The aim of the present study is to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in gilthead seabream response against different NNV reassortants. Gilthead seabream juveniles were challenged by intramuscular injection using the wild-type (wt) strain Ss160.03, a highly virulent reassortant isolated from sole, and an attenuated mutant of this strain. Head-kidney and brain samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (hpc). Viral multiplication was analysed by qPCR, and the evaluation of the immune response against the infection was carried out using an OpenArray® with 56 gene targets. At the end of the experiment, viral multiplication in seabream was higher for the wt reassortant. The number of DEGs detected through the experiment was also higher in the wt-infected animals, being the kinetic of expression different between the organs analysed (early deregulation of genes in head-kidney compared to belated expression in brain). The main differences in gene expression found between fish infected with both reassortants occurred at 72 hpc, being all DEGs up-regulated in wt-infected fish, compared to the downregulation observed within the mutant-infected animals. In addition, the expression of toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9), interleukin 1 beta (il1β), and interferon (ifn) was detected exclusively in brain samples at 72 hpc, and the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (elam) in head-kidney samples at the same time point. The different profiles of gene regulation detected at 72 hpc in gilthead seabream infected with both viruses could be related to the lower multiplication of the mutant strain.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto RTI2018-094687-B-C22, MCIUI y FEDER

Equity and distributional effects of the regional policy of digital inclusion in Andalusia

La corrección de la brecha digital en Andalucía ha sido investigada desde una doble perspectiva. En primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un reconocimiento de las principales interpretaciones de este nuevo fenómeno, contextualizándolo en el caso concreto de la política regional aplicada en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía y explorado el origen e implantación de la estrategia Guadalinfo de alfabetización, acceso y uso y dinamización ciudadana basada en el despliegue de centros de acceso público a Internet y el manejo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) por parte de su población objetivo. Asimismo, se han examinado los impactos más destacados que la acción Guadalinfo ha tenido en dicha población, obteniendo interesantes implicaciones sobre la equidad e idoneidad de esta política regional y sus posibilidades de futuro. Estos resultados mostrados son fruto de un proyecto desarrollado durante los años 2012 al 2014, tomando la gestión de la red de centros Guadalinfo extendida en el territorio andaluz como referente directo de dicha política y utilizando como fuente específica de información una encuesta propia realizada a los usuarios de dichos centros.The correction of the digital divide in Andalusia has been investigated from two perspectives. First, a reconnaissance of the main interpretations of this new phenomenon has been carried out, considering the case of the regional policy in Andalusia, and it has been explored the origin and implementation of the Guadalinfo strategy of literacy, as well as the access and use and citizen-based dynamic display of centers of public access to the Internet and the management of the information and communication technologies (ICT) by its target population. It has also been considered the most important impacts that the Guadalinfo action has had in this population, obtaining some interesting results in terms of the fairness and adequacy of the regional policy and its future possibilities. This paper shows the results of a research conducted between 2012 and 2014, taking the management of the Guadalinfo centers network, extended in the Andalusian territory, as a direct reference of the above mentioned policy and considering its users surveyed as a specific source of information

Evaluation of the immune response in betanodavirus-vaccinated gilthead seabream.

An inactivated vaccine has been developed using a RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant strain isolated from Senegalese sole, which confers moderate protection against the homologous viral strain in sole juveniles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the differential expression of immune-related genes in gilthead seabream after vaccination, and in vaccinated fish after NNV infection. Gilthead seabream juveniles were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection with an inactivated NNV vaccine, and control fish were injected with PBS. Thirty days after vaccination, fish were intramuscularly injected with the homologous viral strain. Head-kidney and brain samples were extracted at 2, 3 and 7 d post-vaccinaton (dpv), and at 1, 3, and 5 d post-challenge (dpc). The evaluation of the immune response was carried out using an OpenArray® platform with 56 gene targets. The vaccination triggered the differential expression of 41 of the immune-related genes analysed. All the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed an early down-regulation in head-kidney and/or brain, except rag1 that was up-regulated in head-kidney at 2 dpv. The il6 gene was up-regulated in the brain at 7 dpv, being the only DEG detected at this time point. After viral challenge, the response in vaccinated fish was characterized by an early up-regulation in head-kidney, with 21 out of 29 DEGs up-regulated at 1 dpc, whereas in non-vaccinated fish 15 out of 21 DEGs were down-regulated at the same time point. In brain samples from vaccinated fish, a total of 8, 36 and 32 DEGs were detected at 1, 3 and 5 dpc, respectively, all of them being up-regulated. However, a delay in the up-regulation response was observed in control fish, with most of the DEGs down-regulated at 1 dpc. In conclusion, the immune response against NNV infection in gilthead seabream seems to be modulated by the previous response to the inactivated NNV vaccine.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto RTI2018-094687-B-C22, MCIUI y FEDER