Positive and Negative Emotional Eating Are Not the Same—The Spanish Version of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale (PNEES)

The literature points to the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotional eating in relation to overeating and binge eating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Spanish version of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale (PNEES) in a Spanish community sample. The sample consisted of 628 participants. The mean age was 27.5 (SD = 12.7) and 70.1% of them were women. The participants completed the PNEES, and measures of anxiety and depression (HADS), and eating disorder-related scales (TFEQ-R18, BULIT-R, and EAT-26) that were selected to examine convergent validity. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, replicating the original two-factor solution, consisting of Negative Emotional Eating (PNEES-N) and Positive Emotional Eating (PNEES-P). The results showed an acceptable fit of the model (CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.984, RMSEA = 0.055). Internal consistency ranged from ω = 0.92 to ω = 0.96 for both subscales and the total score. PNEES-P correlations with other variables were lower with respect to the PNEES-N, showing that they are different constructs. A mediation analysis was conducted, in which PNEES-P significantly predicted binge eating and PNEES-N was a partially mediator variable. The results showed that the adaptation process was successful

Illness Perception in Adolescent Patients With Anorexia: Does It Play a Role in socio-Emotional and Academic Adjustment?

People’s beliefs about their illness have been shown to affect their adjustment. The aim of this study was to describe illness perception in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and assess its relationship with socio-emotional and academic adjustment following Leventhal’s Self-Regulation Model. Thirty-four female AN patients, with a mean age of 15.76 (SD = 2.00), completed the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Adolescent anorexia patients perceived that they had control over their illness and treatment would improve their condition. However, they also believed that it was highly distressing, going to last a long time and would have serious consequences. As for the causes of the disorder, they were attributed primarily to a specific eating disorder and psychological factors. The results showed that anorexia patients’ illness perceptions were related to socio-emotional and academic adjustment. In this sense, identity with the illness was associated with a worse academic adjustment, while emotional representation was associated with a worse emotional and social adjustment. These findings highlight how important it is for patients’ beliefs about their disease to be considered in the treatment of anorexia. In this respect, clinicians treating these patients should consider how certain beliefs affect their academic and socioemotional adjustment. It would be interesting for patients to become aware of how these beliefs influence the strategies they use to cope with their disease as well as their adjustment to it

Aplicación de la terapia centrada en la compasión en pacientes con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria: un estudio piloto

umen La terapia centrada en la compasión (CFT) se ha desarrollado como una terapia multimodal que integra diferentes estrategias cognitivo conductuales, y recientemente ha empezado a ser aplicada en el ámbito de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido desarrollar y aplicar un programa de intervención basado en la CFT en un grupo de pacientes con un TCA. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10 personas diagnosticadas de un TCA. La media de edad fue de 20,2 años (DT= 8,06). Se obtuvieron medidas de autocompasión, atención plena, actitudes hacia la comida, depresión, ansiedad, imagen corporal y autoestima. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo en autocompasión, actitudes hacia la comida, imagen corporal y autoestima. Estos resultados apoyan la aplicación de la CFT a estos pacientes.stract Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has been developed as a multimodal therapy that integrates different cognitive-behavioral strategies and has begun to be applied in the field of eating disorders recently. The aim of this work has been to develop and apply an intervention program based on CFT in a group of patients with eating disorders. The sample consisted of 10 participants diagnosed with an eating disorder. The mean age was 20.2 years (SD= 8.06). The following instruments were applied: measures of self-pity, mindfulness, attitudes toward food, depression, anxiety, body image and self-esteem. The results showed a significant change in self-pity, attitudes toward food, body image and selfesteem. These results support the application of CFT to these patients

Los microproyectos de investigación como instrumento de aprendizaje en una asignatura de máster

[SPA]El proceso de Convergencia Europea de la educación superior implica un cambio profundo en las estrategias enseñanza-aprendizaje y plantea una renovación de las metodologías docentes universitarias. De manera que frente a los enfoques didácticos clásicos centrados en el aula y el profesor, hay que dejar paso a una enseñanza centrada en la actividad autónoma del estudiante, lo que conlleva un replanteamiento en la planificación de las técnicas y herramientas a utilizar en el desarrollo de las asignaturas. De acuerdo con esta idea, esta comunicación pretende dar a conocer la experiencia realizada en una asignatura de máster de la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de Murcia, durante los cursos 2009/10 y 2010/11, utilizando como estrategia principal en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje la planificación, desarrollo y presentación de microproyectos de investigación, realizados por pequeños grupos de alumnos. [ENG]The process of European convergence of higher education implies a profound change in teaching-learning strategies and proposes a renewal of university teaching methodologies. So in contrast with traditional teaching approaches that focus on the classroom and teacher, education should focus on students' independent activity, meaning to a rethink of planning techniques and the tools to used in developing subjects. In accordance with to this idea, this paper presents our experience in a subject forming part of a Master at the Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, during the academic years 2009/10 and 2010/11, using as a main strategy in the teaching-learning process micro-research projects, and their planning, development and presentation carried by small groups of students.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Influence of the patients' sex, type of dental prosthesis and antagonist on residual bone resorption at the level of the premaxilla

Objectives: To analyze the height and width of the ridge at the level of the premaxilla in edentulous patients, eva-luating whether the sex of the patient, type of prosthetic rehabilitation and antagonist have an influence. Material and Method: We randomly selected a total of 89 patients, having an average age of 66.21 years old. A total of 308 measurements were made, all of them at the level of the premaxilla, in the intercanine area. As dependent variables, we analyzed the patients' sex, age and the antagonist: removable (dental) prostheses (RP), fixed (dental) prostheses (FD), natural dentition (ND). As independent variables, we measured the height and residual width in sagittal sections provided by tomographic studies using Dentascan®. Results: We observed a significantly smaller ridge in women versus in men, and in patients whose antagonist was a fixed prosthesis; whereas for the type of prosthesis, we did not observe significant differences between the two categories analyzed. Conclusions: Bone resorption at the level of the premaxilla is a variable process in which a smaller size is observed (height and width) in women and when the antagonist is a fixed prosthesis. © Medicina Oral S. L

Características psicológicas positivas y salud mental en patinadores durante confinamiento por COVID-19

The aim of this study was to assess the emotional state, habits and routines (measured through an ad-hoc questionnaire), personality traits (LOT-R, PFRS and COPE-28) and mental health (EBP and GHQ-12) of 71 Spanish high-performance skaters (38 men and 33 women) during COVID-19 confinement. The results indicate a good adaptation of the athletes at the cognitive, emotional and behavioural levels during the confinement. Skaters stand out for optimism, resilience and an active coping style, which may be positive regulators of the behavioural response. Distress is associated with lower resilience and greater avoidance coping. Women presented worse emotional response and greater difficulty to sleep than men. It was concluded that the athletes examined presented a positive profile that makes them cope adequately with confinement, in which potential gender differences need to be considered.El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el estado emocional, hábitos y rutinas (medido con un cuestionario ad hoc), características de personalidad (LOT-R, PFRS y COPE-28) y salud mental (EBP y GHQ-12) en 71 patinadores españoles de alto rendimiento (38 hombres y 33 mujeres) durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Los resultados indican una buena adaptación de los deportistas a nivel cognitivo, emocional y conductual durante el confinamiento. Los patinadores destacan por el optimismo, la resiliencia y un estilo de afrontamiento activo, que pueden ser moduladores positivos de la respuesta comportamental. El distrés se asocia a una menor resiliencia y mayor evitación del afrontamiento. Las mujeres obtienen una peor respuesta emocional y mayor dificultad para dormir que los hombres. Se concluye que los deportistas evaluados poseen un perfil positivo que les hace afrontar el confinamiento adecuadamente, en el que se requiere atender las posibles diferencias de género

Cattle mortality due to poisoning in Spain: a cross-sectional epidemiological study

La falta de un sistema público nacional de bases de datos sobre intoxicación en el ganado hace difícil investigar esta cuestión. Por lo tanto, hemos realizado un estudio epidemiológico utilizando los datos sobre intoxicación de ganado suministrado por una compañía de seguros (2000-2005), para determinar la tasa de mortalidad debido a la intoxicación en el ganado en España y valorar la influencia de las siguientes variables: tipo de agricultura, edad, sexo, época del año, año y región. Se observó una tasa de mortalidad de 23,25 por 100.000 animales en España con una tasa en el sector de la carne de ganado lechero (32,14 vs. 4,51 por 100.000 animales). También hubo diferencias en la tasa de mortalidad entre la cría de ganado y en el futuro, afectando a criadores de ganado vacuno de carne y leche de una manera diferente. En el ganado lechero, hemos encontrado diferencias entre los años analizados. En el ganado vacuno, la época del año con mayor riesgo de intoxicación fue el último trimestre (19,45 por 100.000 animales), mientras que la más baja tasa de mortalidad fue observada en el primer trimestre (1.33 por 100.000). Existen marcadas diferencias entre las regiones en el ganado vacuno, las diferencias no fueron significativas en el ganado lechero. Por último, en el ganado vacuno, no se encontraron diferencias entre sexos. En resumen, la tasa de mortalidad debido a la intoxicación en el ganado en España es bajo, y el riesgo de intoxicación es determinado por el sistema de cultivo, animales' estadio de desarrollo, época del año y la región.The lack of nationwide public databases on poisoning in cattle makes it difficult to investigate this issue. Hence, we conducted an epidemiological study using the data on cattle poisoning provided by an insurance company (2000-2005), to determine the mortality rate due to poisoning in cattle in Spain and to assess the influence of the following variables: type of farming, age, sex, time of year, year and region. We observed a mortality rate of 23.25 per 100,000 animals in Spain with a higher rate in beef than dairy cattle (32.14 vs. 4.51 per 100,000 animals). There were also differences in the mortality rate between breeding cattle and future breeders, affecting dairy and beef cattle in a different way. In dairy cattle, we found differences between the years analysed. In beef cattle, the time of year with highest risk of poisoning was the last quarter (19.45 per 100,000 animals), while the lowest mortality rate was observed in the first quarter (1.33 per 100,000). There were pronounced differences between regions in beef cattle, differences being non-significant in dairy cattle. Lastly, in beef cattle, no differences were found between sexes. In summary, the mortality rate due to poisoning in cattle in Spain is low, and the risk of poisoning is determined by the farming system, animals’ stage of development, time of year and region.peerReviewe

Some results about randomized binary Markov chains: Theory, computing and applications

[EN] This paper is addressed to give a generalization of the classical Markov methodology allowing the treatment of the entries of the transition matrix and initial condition as random variables instead of deterministic values lying in the interval [0,1]. This permits the computation of the first probability density function (1-PDF) of the solution stochastic process taking advantage of the so-called Random Variable Transformation technique. From the 1-PDF relevant probabilistic information about the evolution of Markov models can be calculated including all one-dimensional statistical moments. We are also interested in determining the computation of distribution of some important quantities related to randomized Markov chains (steady state, hitting times, etc.). All theoretical results are established under general assumptions and they are illustrated by modelling the spread of a technology using real data.This work has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [grant MTM2017-89664-P]. Ana Navarro Quiles acknowledges the doctorate scholarship granted by Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo (PAID), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCortés, J.; Navarro-Quiles, A.; Romero, J.; Roselló, M. (2020). Some results about randomized binary Markov chains: Theory, computing and applications. International Journal of Computer Mathematics. 97(1-2):141-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2018.1440290S141156971-

Full solution of random autonomous first-order linear systems of difference equations. Application to construct random phase portrait for planar systems

[EN] This paper deals with the explicit determination of the first probability density function of the solution stochastic process to random autonomous first-order linear systems of difference equations under very general hypotheses. This finding is applied to extend the classical stability classification of the zero-equilibrium point based on phase portrait to the random scenario. An example illustrates the potentiality of the theoretical results established and their connection with their deterministic counterpart.This work has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant MTM2013-41765-P. Ana Navarro Quiles acknowledges the doctorate scholarship granted by Programa de Ayudas de Investigation y Desarrollo (PAID), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Cortés, J.; Navarro-Quiles, A.; Romero, J.; Roselló, M. (2017). Full solution of random autonomous first-order linear systems of difference equations. Application to construct random phase portrait for planar systems. Applied Mathematics Letters. 68:150-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2016.12.0151501566