Entorno de simulación de la gestión de una FPGA bidimensional, parte de un sistema computador de propósito general basado en HW

FPGA Simulator 1.0 simula el comportamiento de una FPGA bidimensional dinámicamente reconfigurable. La simulación consiste en la gestión de una cola de tareas de tamaño rectangular (simple), con la posibilidad de multitarea, lo que permite ejecutar simultáneamente varias de estas tareas. La ubicación de las tareas dentro de la FPGA se lleva a cabo mediante un algoritmo previamente implementado que gestiona el espacio libre en la FPGA. Este algoritmo gestiona las tareas en espera de ejecución, las que están ejecutándose actualmente en la FPGA y las que han terminado de ejecutar. Nuestra solución FPGA Simulator 1.0 permite gestionar tanto la FPGA como la lista de tareas en espera a través de una sencilla e intuitiva interfaz gráfica. El algoritmo encargado de la ubicación de las tareas también puede ser configurado manualmente. Entre la diversidad de algoritmos existentes (p.e. First-Fit (FF), Best-Fit (BF), First-Fit-Decreasing (FFD) y Best-Fit-Decreasing (BFD)), el algoritmo utilizado en nuestra solución es el Bin Packing MER, que ubica las tareas en el MER (Maximun Empty Rectangle) o Máximo Rectángulo Vacío. Trabajar con distintas FPGAs y listas de tareas se convierte en una tarea sencilla gracias a la exportación de estos elementos a ficheros de texto, que permite tanto abrir y guardar como modificar los elementos involucrados en la simulación. A parte, el uso de ficheros incrementa la versatilidad del producto, permitiendo la exportación de elementos a otros ordenadores. FPGA Simulator 1.0 permite además guardar la configuración de una simulación concreta de manera que se pueda reproducir en cualquier momento. Dado el carácter determinista de los algoritmos utilizados, una misma configuración desemboca en un mismo resultado, de forma que el almacenamiento de resultados se simplifica con el uso de un fichero de texto absolutamente independiente, que también es completamente portable. A parte de la creación de un entorno de simulación, FPGA Simulator 1.0 proporciona además una idea general del comportamiento de la simulación por medio de métricas. Estas métricas, que deben ser utilizadas de manera orientativa, se basan en la utilización del espacio libre de la FPGA, y consisten en la ocupación media y la ocupación instantánea (en porcentaje) del espacio de la FPGA. La comparación de estas métricas como resultado de la ejecución de diferentes algoritmos sobre un mismo entorno de simulación nos puede dar un acercamiento al comportamiento real de los algoritmos. La versión actual de FPGA Simulator 1.0 sólo está disponible para plataformas Windows (windows 95, 98, NT, 2000 y XP) Implementando en Borland C++ Builder, este software presenta una gran estabilidad y rapidez de ejecución, al igual que un mínimo consumo de recursos de sistema. La posibilidad de incorporar manualmente nuevos algoritmos de ejecución convierte este producto en un software de gran utilidad en el campo de la investigación. [Abstract] FPGA Simulator 1.0 simulates the behavior of a dynamically reconfigurable bidimensional FPGA. Simulation consists of a rectangular task queue managemente (simple tasks) with a multitask posibility, which implies the simultaneous execution of several tasks. The task allocation within the FPGA is done through a previously programmed algorithm, which manages the free space in the FPGA. The task management involves the waiting for execution tasks, currently executing, and already finished ones. Our solution FPGA Simulator 1.0, enables the management of both the FPGA and the task queue throug an easy and intuitive graphic interface. The algorithm used to allocate the tasks con also be manually configured. Between many other existing ones (p.e. First-Fit (FF), Best-Fit (BF), First-Fit-Decreasing (FFD) y Best-Fit-Decreasing (BFD)),Bin Packing MER was the final algorithm used in our product. Bin Packing MER allocates tasks in the Maximum Empty Rectangle available at a given moment. The exportation of elements such as FPGAs and task queues to text files translates into a clear enhancement of the working capabilities, specially when working with different types of these kind of elements. The use of text files increases the product's versatility, as these elements can be exported to other copmputers with a minimum amount of space expense. FPGA Simulator 1.0 allows saving concrete simulatin configurations for later execution Given that the algorithms used are deterministic, two identical configurations imply same results. Thus, results storage is simplified by the use of absolutely independent text files, wich are also portable. Apart from creating a simulation environment, FPGA Simulator 1.0 offers a general view of the algorithms behavior trough the metrics. These metrics, which should be used only in an orientative way, are based on the available free space in the FPGA. The two metrics used are the current occupation and the average occupation (in percentage). The comparison of the metrics obtained out of the execution of different algorithms over the same simulation environment can give us an approximate idea of the real behavior of th algorithms. The current version of FPGA Simualtor 1.0 is only supported under Windows platforms (Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000 and XP). Programmed under Borland C++ Builder, this software displays a great stability and execution time, at the same time as it consumes a minimum amount of system resources. The possibility of adding manually new algorithms provides this software with a great utility withing the scope of investigation

Resolution of Geotechnical Engineering problems with Plaxis 2D

The book consists of seven exercises, each of them easy to identify and relate to the different thematic units that students study throughout their training in soil engineering: safety factors in cuttings and embankments, soil consolidation, seepage flow under retaining structures, shallow foundations, diaphragm walls, and deep foundations. The book is designed to gradually learn the use of the software PLAXIS 2D, so a user with no previous experience with the software should follow the order in which the exercises appear in the text. This book and its contents are only for educational purposes. Its elaboration has been authorized by the PLAXIS brand, owned by the company Bentley Systems

Factors associated with non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation programmes: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Background: Although evidence exists for the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation programmes to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease, cardiac rehabilitation programmes are underused. We aimed systematically to review the evidence from prospective cohort studies on factors associated with non-participation in and/or dropping out from cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Methods: MedLine, Embase, Scopus, Open Grey and Cochrane Database were searched for relevant publications from inception to February 2018. Search terms included (a) coronary heart disease and other cardiac conditions; (b) cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention; and (c) non-participation in and/or dropout. Databases were searched following the PRISMA statement. Study selection, data extraction and the assessment of study quality were performed in duplicate. Results: We selected 43 studies with a total of 63,425 patients from 10 different countries that met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation were grouped into six broad categories: intrapersonal factors, clinical factors, interpersonal factors, logistical factors, cardiac rehabilitation programme factors and health system factors. We found that clinical factors, logistical factors and health system factors were the main factors assessed for non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation. We also found differences between the factors associated with non-participation and dropout. Conclusions: Several factors were determinant for non-participation in and dropout from cardiac rehabilitation. These findings could be useful to clinicians and policymakers for developing interventions aimed at improving participation and completion of cardiac rehabilitation, such as E-health or home-based delivery programmes. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) identifier: CRD42016032973

Resolución de problemas de ingeniería geotécnica mediante plaxis 2D

El libro consta de siete ejercicios, cada uno de ellos fácil de identificar y relacionar con las diferentes unidades temáticas que los alumnos estudian a lo largo de su formación en ingeniería del terreno: factores de seguridad en desmontes y terraplenes, consolidación de suelos, redes de flujo bajo estructuras de retención, cimentaciones superficiales, muros pantalla y cimentaciones profundas. El libro está concebido para aprender el manejo del programa PLAXIS 2D de manera gradual, con lo cual un usuario sin experiencia previa con el programa debería seguir el orden en el que aparecen los ejercicios en el texto. Este libro y su contenido tienen únicamente un fin educativo. La elaboración de este ha sido autorizada por la marca PLAXIS, propiedad de la compañía Bentley Systems.La elaboración de este ha sido autorizada por la marca PLAXIS, propiedad de la compañía Bentley Systems

Insights into Medieval Grape Cultivation in Al-Andalus: Morphometric, Domestication, and Multivariate Analysis of Vitis vinifera Seed Types

Understanding the origins and evolution of modern grapevine varieties in the Iberian Peninsula and western Europe necessitates an examination of the proportions of Vitis vinifera cultivars, their relationships with wild grapevine populations, and the utilization of seedless cultivars in al-Andalus. Employing morphometric studies, domestication indices, multivariate analysis, and Bayesian hypothesis testing, this study investigates several distinct seed types identified in materials from Roman and medieval deposits. These seeds exhibit a spectrum from highly domesticated to purely wild. Our findings reveal the predominance of Proles Occidentalis Negrul, and the presence of feral-like grapevines associated with Proles Euphratica. Additionally, we observe the continuous presence of wild grapevines related to Vitis sylvestris CC Gmelin throughout the studied period. Seeds exhibiting intermediate characteristics are documented, alongside the identification of “stenosperms”, suggesting anomalies in seed formation. Notably, the presence of Vitis vinifera raisins “stenospermocarpics” of the sultana type is suggested, potentially elucidating the absence of table grapes and raisins of the Proles Orientalis Negrul in the archaeological record, despite frequent mentions by medieval agronomy writers from al-Andalus

ERK5/BMK1 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL: implication in clear cell renal carcinoma

Hi ha quatre pàgines de material suplementari sense numeracióExtracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, is implicated in a wide range of biologic processes, which include proliferation or vascularization. Here, we show that ERK5 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in a process mediated by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, through a prolyl hydroxylation-dependent mechanism. Our conclusions derive from transient transfection assays in Cos7 cells, as well as the study of endogenous ERK5 in different experimental systems such as MCF7, HMEC, or Caki-2 cell lines. In fact, the specific knockdown of ERK5 in pVHL-negative cell lines promotes a decrease in proliferation and migration, supporting the role of this MAPK in cellular transformation. Furthermore, in a short series of fresh samples from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high levels of ERK5 correlate with more aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease. Therefore, our results provide new biochemical data suggesting that ERK5 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL, opening a new field of research on the role of ERK5 in renal carcinomas

Desarrollo pulmonar y envejecimiento: una compleja red cada vez más desconcertante

Peer reviewe

Reasons for dropout from cardiac rehabilitation programs in women: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND:Empirical evidence has shown that cardiac rehabilitation programs are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, improving quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite the benefits, women have a high cardiac rehabilitation dropout rate. Our aim was to explore women's perceptions about the reasons they faced for dropout from these programs. METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women (n = 10) after dropping out from three different cardiac rehabilitation centers in Spain. In addition, a focus group and a semi-structured interview with cardiovascular professionals were conducted. From a grounded theory perspective, thematic analysis was used to derive themes from interview transcripts. RESULTS:The women were between 41 and 70 years. We identified five general themes that illustrated reasons for cardiac rehabilitation dropout: intrapersonal reasons (self-reported health, self-reported mental health, health beliefs); interpersonal reasons (family caregiver role, work conflicts); logistical reasons (transport, distance); cardiac rehabilitation program characteristics (perception of the objective of cardiac rehabilitation, exercise component, inconvenient timing, cardiac rehabilitation equipment); and health system reasons (financial assistance for transport, long waiting list). The cardiovascular professionals found barriers to cardiac rehabilitation completion similar to those found by the women. CONCLUSIONS:In order to prevent cardiac rehabilitation dropout in women, modular and flexible programs are needed. In addition, the inclusion of primary care centers or community resources could improve cardiac rehabilitation completion in women. Psychological assessment and counseling during cardiac rehabilitation should be included as an essential part of the programs and recommended for those women with depressive symptoms. Finally, improved financial assistance for transport from the health system is essential