SKOS en la integración de conocimiento en los sistemas de información jurídica

Los tesauros son herramientas conceptuales que representan un área de conocimiento. Los estándares RDF y SKOS, vinculados a la Web Semántica, permiten su representación con lenguajes y vocabularios estándares, lo cual facilita la integración de conceptos. A pesar de la importante ventaja que supone disponer de estos estándares, no es sufciente para garantizar totalmente la integración de las herramientas conceptuales utilizadas. Demostramos esta afirmación en el caso de los sistemas de información jurídica, en los cuales analizamos el uso del tesauro Eurovoc y su representación con SKOS: propuestas, existencia de herramientas estándares para tesauros, y dificultades para la integración. A partir de este análisis se plantean reflexiones sobre el estado de la cuestión en el momento actua

Diversity and novelty in environmental enrichment increases enrichment use in juvenile American mink (Neogale vison)

It is standard practice on mink farms in Canada to provide one manipulable environmental enrichment (EE) in each cage to benefit animal health and welfare, and once an enrichment is introduced, it must remain in the cage for the duration of that animal’s life. However, mink might habituate to permanently present enrichments, which reduces interaction with these items over time. In this study, juvenile mink were provided with multiple EEs (mobile and hanging items) that were regularly exchanged to maintain novelty in addition to a standard, permanently present EE (enriched kits; EK). EE use over time, as well as interactions based on EE type, were compared to that of two groups which were standard-housed as juveniles (control; C and enriched at whelping; EW) with access to a permanently available standard enrichment. EK housing was found to significantly increase kits’ EE use compared to standard housing (p< 0.001). Despite some evidence of rapid habituation to novel objects (e.g., decreased use of hanging rope EE in second week of access: p = 0.019), item exchange appeared to have a sustaining effect on exploration of all EEs in the cage, including familiar objects. Thus, it may be beneficial to provide farmed mink with multiple EEs, both novel and familiar, to promote their optimal use and facilitate welfare benefits. Objects with greater manipulability or malleability were also used more by kits than those with fewer possible uses (e.g., pig’s ear versus other, less malleable mobile EEs: p< 0.001; rope versus less malleable hanging EE: p< 0.001). Although this effect was persistent across all periods of observation, it is possible that kit age at time of object introduction or differences in novelty may have contributed to these differences in their use. Further research is required to determine kits’ preference for different EE types when all items are equivalently novel, and when differences in developmental stage are fully accounted for

New Male Users of Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Impact of Treatment Persistence on Morbimortality. A Longitudinal Study

The objective of this study was to analyse persistence to lipid-lowering drug use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a new users cohort, to explore all-cause and cardiovascular related morbidity, comorbidity and mortality in this group and, finally, to study the relationship between persistence and morbimortality. We selected subjects who started lipid-lowering treatment for primary prevention of CVD between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 (N = 1424), and classified them as treatment-persistent or -nonpersistent. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables, morbimortality and time to event between groups. The association between morbidities was explored using comorbidity network analysis. The effect of persistence was analysed using logistic regression and Cox survival analyses. Only 38.7% of users were persistent with treatment. Persistent and nonpersistent users had similar sociodemographic and clinical profiles, although differed in age, smoking status, and glycemia. Comorbidity networks revealed that the number of co-occurring diagnoses was higher in nonpersistent than persistent users. Adjusted analyses indicated a protective effect of treatment persistence, especially against major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but this effect was not statistically significant. Observational studies are crucial to characterize real-world effectiveness

Generalized analytical approach of the calculation of the harmonic effects of single phase multilevel PWM inverters

This paper introduces a generalized analytical approach for calculating the total harmonic distortion THD and its weighted value WTHD for multilevel PWM inverters. The calculation considers one single phase and it can apply to any number of levels of the inverter in general. Although the analysis is based on the assumption of a high number of pulses, the developed equations can also be applied for lower frequency ratios fs/f1. The analytical formulas require the characteristic parameters of the PWM only, which are the modulation factor m, the switching frequency fs, the fundamental frequency f1, the effective inductance L and the DC link voltage inverters with a number of levels N are considered. It must be noticed that some differences appear between the case of N odd and N even. Several parametric curves arc calculated to define the specifications of an inverter with N levels in order to fulfill the harmonic voltage recommendations trying to reduce the output signal filtering

Propuesta de representación del tesauro Eurovoc en SKOS para su integración en sistemas de información jurídica

P. 47-51Los tesauros se han adaptado progresivamente a la edición en entornos digitales y se enfrentan en la actualidad al reto de demostrar su utilidad e integración en la Web semántica, haciendo uso de estándares como RDF y SKOS. El estudio justifica, en primer lugar, la selección del Tesauro Eurovoc para su integración en un sistema de información legal. Se analizan, igualmente, las dificultades para la representación de Eurovoc en SKOS, así como las herramientas disponibles para la adecuada manipulación de tesauros. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el estado de la cuestión y se plantean líneas de trabajo futurasS

Effects of weevils (Insecta : Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control products, over the growth, development, and production of plantain

ABSTRACT: In a farm in the municipality of Andes (Antioquia, Colombia), parcels were planted with Dominico Hartón plantain associated with Caturra-type coffee, where weevil damage (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) occurred in 100% of the plantain plants, corms of approximately 2 kg were planted under the same association system. From the sowing until harvest, six types of products were applied every two months on these plantations: chemical of the region (Clorpirifos and Carboxin + Thiram), Carbofurán, Beauveria bassiana, and jatropha, pepper, and neem extracts. As a control, corms without any application of chemicals were used. For the statistical analysis, a randomized complete block design was employed with seven treatments, four replicates, and six plants as experimental units. At the moment of harvest no signi cant statistical differences were found among treatments for these variables: height, diameter, number of cluster branches, total weight, and percentages in the extra and second quality plantains. Statistically signi cant differences were found in: weeks from sowing to harvest, with the control and B. bassiana presenting the highest and lowest average times (75.3 and 69.3 weeks, respectively); functional leaves at the time of harvest, in which the chemical of the region and Carbofurán presented the highest and lowest values (approximately 8 and 7); and the percentage in rst quality plantain, in which the control presented the highest value and was statistically different from the extracts.RESUMEN: En una nca del municipio de Andes (Antioquia, Colombia), estuvieron sembrados lotes con plátano Dominico Hartón asociado con café variedad Caturra y en los cuales se registraron daños por picudos (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el 100% de las plantas de plátano, se sembraron cormos de aproximadamente 2 kg, bajo el mismo sistema de asocio. A los cormos se les aplicó desde la siembra y cada dos meses hasta la cosecha del racimo, seis productos distintos para el manejo de estos insectos: químico de la región (Clorpirifós y Carboxin + Thiram), Carbofurán, Beauveria bassiana y extractos de jatrofa, ají y neem. Como testigo se utilizaron cormos sin aplicación de productos para el manejo de picudos. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con siete tratamientos, cuatro repeticiones y seis plantas como unidad experimental. Al momento de la cosecha, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas signi cativas entre tratamientos para las variables: altura, diámetro, número de manos, peso del racimo y porcentajes en la calidad extra y segunda del plátano. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticas signi cativas para: número de semanas desde la siembra hasta la cosecha, donde el testigo y Beauveria bassiana fueron los de mayor y menor tiempo promedio (75,3 y 69,3 semanas, respectivamente); hojas funcionales al momento de la cosecha, donde el químico de la región y el Carbofurán presentaron el valor más alto y bajo (aproximadamente 8 y 7); y porcentaje en la calidad primera del plátano, donde el testigo presentó el valor más alto y fue diferente estadísticamente a los extractos.RESUMEN

Caracterización de los síntomas visuales de deficiencias nutricionales de plántulas del roble andino en invernadero

The identification of visual symptoms of deficien- cies is a widely used method in the diagnosis of nutritional problems in agricultural and forestry production. The aim of this study was to charac- terize visual symptoms of deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B, in seedlings of the andean oak, Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., under nursery conditions. Seedlings were planted in polythene bags, where fertility treatments were applied according to the method of Jenny. After 4 months of development, we photographed seedlings and leaves with symptoms of nutritional deficiencies and determined leaf nutrient content. Deficiency symptoms were detected for all nutrients studied, except B. Seedlings deficient in each nutrient had lower concentration of this element in leaf tissues. The applied dose of P was apparently not enough to have an adequate availability of this nutrient and to generate an optimal development of seed- lings of Q. humboldtii under full fertilization.La identificación de síntomas visuales de deficiencias es un método muy utilizado en el diagnóstico de problemas nutricionales en la producción agrícola y forestal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los síntomas visuales de deficiencias de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, y B, en plántulas de roble andino Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., en condición de vivero. Las plántulas se sembraron en bolsas de polietileno, en cuyos sustratos se aplicaron los tratamientos de fertilización de acuerdo con el método de Jenny. Luego de 4 meses de desarrollo se fotografiaron las plántulas y hojas en las que se observaron los síntomas de deficiencias nutricionales y se determinó el contenido de nutrientes foliares. Se detectaron síntomas de deficiencia de todos los nutrientes estudiados, excepto de B. Las plántulas deficientes en cada nutriente presentaron menor concentración de éste elemento en los tejidos foliares. La dosis aplicada de P al parecer no fue suficiente para tener una disponibilidad adecuada del elemento y generar un óptimo desarrollo de las plántulas de Q. humboldtii con tratamiento completo de fertilización

National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020

(1) Background: To describe trends in the prevalence of depression in men and women with COPD hospitalized in Spain (2016–2020). (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select all patients ≥35 years with COPD. (3) Results: The prevalence of depression was 3.54-times higher in women with COPD than in men (OR 3.54; 95%CI 3.48–3.6). It decreased significantly between 2016 and 2020, although the reduction was only significant in women (12.27% in 2016 vs. 10.56% in 2020). Older age, comorbidity and the most recent years of hospital admission were associated with lower prevalence of depression in both men and women, while obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and use of oxygen prior to admission were risk factors. In-hospital mortality (IHM) increased significantly over time. Older age, comorbidity, the use of oxygen prior to admission and having been hospitalized in 2020 increased the risk of IHM. Female sex was associated with a lower IHM in patients with depression and COPD. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of depression has decreased over time in women with COPD while it has not changed significantly in men with this disease. IHM increased over time both in men and women with COPD and depression, with higher prevalence in the former.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid; Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Crónicas de Alta Prevalencia en España (970970)Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía de Tóraxpu

Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey

The use of distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional central power stations. The specification of a powerelectronic interface is subject to requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity. In this paper, new trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generators are presented. A review of the appropriate storage-system technology used for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources is also introduced. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented

Use of Cardiac Procedures in People with Diabetes during the COVID Pandemic in Spain: Effects on the In-Hospital Mortality

We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain on people with diabetes undergoing cardiac procedures, such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), open surgical valve replacement (OSVR), and transcatheter valve implantation (TCVI). We compared the year 2019 with the year 2020. We conducted an observational study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. In 2020, a total of 21,067 cardiac procedures were performed on people with diabetes compared with 24,675 in the previous year. The use of CABG, PCI, OSVR and TCVI decreased from 2019 to 2020 by 13.9%, 14.8%, 21.4% and 2.9%, respectively. In 2020, patients had a significantly higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index than in 2019 for all the cardiac procedures analyzed. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher (p > 0.05) for all the procedures in the year 2020. Over the entire period, female sex was a significant risk factor for IHM among those who underwent CABG, PCI and OSVR (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.41–2.66; OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.05–1.35; and OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.38–2.32, respectively). The sensitivity analysis including two more years, 2017 and 2018, confirmed that female patients and comorbidity were risk factors for IHM in patients with diabetes regardless of whether it was during the pandemic era or before. We conclude that the frequency of cardiac procedures among people with diabetes declined in 2020. IHM did not change significantly in the COVID-19 era.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEUnión EuropeaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Crónicas de Alta Prevalencia en España (970970)pu