Inclusión como aspecto esencial en organizaciones: religión y genéro

The future of industrial and labour relations is shaping up to be diverse and inclusive. One of the main elements is respect for religious choices, but this is not always the case, as we discuss in the article. Moreover, this inclusion and non-discrimination is obviously one that takes into account equality between men and women. The article explores how both aspects, depending on countries and religious orientations (or non-secularisation, if this is the case) impact on organisations. In addition to the legal perspective, we analyse how this translates into the development of countries.El futuro de las relaciones laborales se perfila diverso e integrador. Uno de los principales elementos es el respeto de las opciones religiosas, pero no siempre es así, como analizamos en el artículo. Además, esta inclusión y no discriminación tiene obviamente en cuenta la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. El artículo explora cómo ambos aspectos, según los países y las orientaciones religiosas (o la no secularización, si es el caso) repercuten en las organizaciones. Además de la perspectiva jurídica, se analiza cómo se traduce esto en el desarrollo de los países

Burn-out en el hospital: ¿estamos quemados los médicos?

El burn-out, respuesta inadecuada al estrés emocional crónico, involucra básicamente tres dimensiones: Agotamiento emocional, Deshumanización o despersonalización y Falta de realización personal. Se ha descrito fundamentalmente en personal sanitario. Iniciamos este estudio en Hospital Son Llàtzer, entre facultativos de urgencias, psiquiatría y UCI, con el objetivo principal de valorar el nivel de burn-out y como objetivos secundarios, estudiar variables sociodemográficas y laborales que pueden influir sobre éste y analizar descriptivamente las soluciones aportadas por los encuestados. Se recoge información sobre el grado de expectativa previo al inicio del trabajo, el apoyo percibido, lo más y lo menos agradable del trabajo y el grado de burn-out con la escala de Maslach. En éste encontramos como puntuaciones medias: Cansancio emocional: 21,29 ± 9,93; Despersonalización: 9,09 ± 5,84; Realización personal: 38,61 ± 6,29. La media de la muestra indica ausencia de síndrome de burn-out. Destacamos que aparece mayor realización personal en varones que en mujeres, mayor cansancio emocional y despersonalización cuando se consideraba el trabajo peor de lo esperado y mayor cansancio emocional en los que perciben menos apoyo. Como conclusiones: Los médicos parecen estar salvaguardados del síndrome de burn-out por la experiencia positiva de realización personal que experimentan; un factor protector es la percepción de apoyo por parte de los compañeros; la expectativa previa se relaciona con el nivel de “queme”, no se observan diferencias entre los servicios y el reconocimiento social y empresarial del trabajo disminuye el desgaste profesional y la probabilidad de sufrir un síndrome de burnout.Burn-out syndrome is an inadequate response to chronic emotional stress, and is constituted by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It frequently appears among sanitary staff. We developed this study in Hospital Son Llàtzer, among physicians working in emergency room, psychiatry and ICU, to study burn-out level and as secondary objectives, to study socio-demographic and working variables that could influence over burn-out syndrome and to analyze the polled physicians’ solutions. We recompile data about previous expectative for the work development, perceived support, the better and worst in work and burn-out level with Maslach Inventory. Media scores are: emotional exhaustion: 21,29 ± 9,93; Depersonalization: 9,09 ± 5,84; Personal accomplishment: 38,61 ± 6,29. In our sample scores are below the proposed point to diagnose burn-out syndrome. We want to emphasize that personal accomplishment is higher among men than among women, more emotional exhaustion and depersonalization when working was worse than what was previously expected and more emotional exhaustion when support was lesser perceived. As conclusions: Physicians look like been preserved from burn-out syndrome thanks to the positive experience of personal accomplishment; colleagues support perception is a protective factor; previous expectative is related to burn-out level; we cannot find differences among different services; and social and working acknowledgement reduce professional wearing out and the probability of suffering a burn-out syndrome

Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review

Background and objectives: Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual’s risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Search terms related to EDs, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were used. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using different scales; CASP (Checklist for Cohort Study), NICE (Methodology Checklist for Cohort Study), ARHQ (Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional), and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort). Results: From 2920 studies, 16 were selected to study EDs in pregnant women and 2 studies in nursing mothers. Most of the studies used questionnaires and scales as tools for the diagnosis of EDs. Binge eating, anxiety, and depression were the most common comorbidities of EDs, accompanied in most cases by excessive concern about weight gain. The consequences of EDs are diverse. The prevalence of EDs in this population is estimated to be 1 out of 20. Conclusions: Eating disorders are related to anxiety and depression and have negative consequences for both mothers and fetuses (cesarean, miscarriages, premature births). More research on the field to determine the risk factors for EDs in the population of pregnant and lactating women is needed

Tomato-antioxidants enhance viability of L. reuteri under gastrointestinal conditions while the probiotic negatively affects bioaccessibility of lycopene and phenols

[EN] Changes undergone by tomato-antioxidants during gastrointestinal digestion of raw and fried tomato, with or without presence of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, were studied. Frying process enhanced the extractability of antioxidant compounds, being their content higher in fried than in raw tomato. In vitro digestion led to a significant loss of antioxidant activity (65 and 75% losses for raw and fried tomato, respectively), and total lycopene (60 and 50% losses for raw and fried tomato, respectively); and promoted trans-cis lycopene isomerization initiated during frying. Bioaccessibility of the antioxidant compounds was within 10% and 30%, being higher for phenolic compounds in raw tomato but lower for total lycopene. Finally, although the presence of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 reduced the bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds, the results suggests that the tomato's antioxidant compounds could have a protective effect against the loss of viability of the probiotic.Authors thanks the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for the financial support given the research project "Simulacion gastrointestinal para el estudio de las interacciones "ingrediente funcional-matriz alimentaria" y su influencia sobre la biodisponibilidad y funcionalidad" (ref. number: 2814).García Hernández, J.; Hernández Pérez, M.; Peinado Pardo, I.; Andrés Grau, AM.; Heredia Gutiérrez, AB. (2018). Tomato-antioxidants enhance viability of L. reuteri under gastrointestinal conditions while the probiotic negatively affects bioaccessibility of lycopene and phenols. Journal of Functional Foods. 43:1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.052S174

The p38 MAPK Components and Modulators as Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Cancer

This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, grant number RTI2018-101309-B-C22 and by the Chair Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research.The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is an important bridge in the transduction of extracellular and intracellular signals in different responses at the cellular level. Within this MAPK family, the p38 kinases can be found altered in various diseases, including cancer, where these kinases play a fundamental role, sometimes with antagonistic mechanisms of action, depending on several factors. In fact, this family has an immense number of functionalities, many of them yet to be discovered in terms of regulation and action in different types of cancer, being directly involved in the response to cancer therapies. To date, three main groups of MAPKs have been identified in mammals: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the different isoforms of p38 (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of these kinases, taking into account their extensive regulation at the cellular level through various modifications and modulations, including a wide variety of microRNAs. We also analyze the importance of the different isoforms expressed in the different tissues and their possible role as biomarkers and molecular targets. In addition, we include the latest preclinical and clinical trials with different p38-related drugs that are ongoing with hopeful expectations in the present/future of developing precision medicine in cancer.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER RTI2018-101309-B-C22Chair Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell researc

Oxidative Balance Scores (OBSs) Integrating Nutrient, Food and Lifestyle Dimensions: Development of the NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS

This research was co-funded by the Health Research Found (FIS), Accion Estrategica en Salud (AES), of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant number PI12/00002, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) are tools that allow us to assess the individual's antioxidant state by ranking both antioxidant and pro-oxidant components of dietary and lifestyle factors. Our aim was to develop novel OBSs accounting for either the global supply of nutrient antioxidants in the diet, or the intake of antioxidant-rich foods, in combination with lifestyle factors. Pro-oxidant factors were also considered. Within two centers of the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, EPIC-Granada and EPIC-Gipuzkoa (N = 14,756 participants), we developed the Nurient, Food and Lifestyle OBS (NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS), and their simplified versions (solely with dietary or lifestyle factors, the Nutrient-OBS, Food-OBS and L-OBS). Their antioxidant potential was evaluated considering their relationship with: (i) 20 scores of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD); and, (ii) 25 biomarkers of antioxidant nutrients (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, etc.), inflammation (CRP, TNF-alpha, etc.) and oxidative stress (uric acid), among 210 participants. Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to analyze these associations. Some statistically significant relationships were encountered between the NutrientL-OBS and the FoodL-OBS with the MD scores, and with ascorbic acid (per one-unit increase in OBS: beta = 0.012 and 0.015; p = 0.022 and 0.008, respectively) and CRP (per one-unit increase in both OBS: beta = -0.02; p = 0.02); the latter appeared to be restricted to the OBS ' s lifestyle components. In conclusion, the NutrientL- and FoodL-OBSs and their sub-versions are related to antioxidant-rich dietary patterns and to biomarkers of antioxidant nutrient intake and inflammation, supporting that these tools are valid to assess the individual ' s oxidative/antioxidant status.Health Research Found (FIS), Accion Estrategica en Salud (AES), of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PI12/00002European Commissio

Epigenetic Control of Salmonella enterica O-Antigen Chain Length: A Tradeoff between Virulence and Bacteriophage Resistance

The Salmonella enterica opvAB operon is a horizontally-acquired locus that undergoes phase variation under Dam methylation control. The OpvA and OpvB proteins form intertwining ribbons in the inner membrane. Synthesis of OpvA and OpvB alters lipopolysaccharide O-antigen chain length and confers resistance to bacteriophages 9NA (Siphoviridae), Det7 (Myoviridae), and P22 (Podoviridae). These phages use the O-antigen as receptor. Because opvAB undergoes phase variation, S. enterica cultures contain subpopulations of opvAB OFF and opvAB ON cells. In the presence of a bacteriophage that uses the O-antigen as receptor, the opvAB OFF subpopulation is killed and the opvAB ON subpopulation is selected. Acquisition of phage resistance by phase variation of O-antigen chain length requires a payoff: opvAB expression reduces Salmonella virulence. However, phase variation permits resuscitation of the opvAB OFF subpopulation as soon as phage challenge ceases. Phenotypic heterogeneity generated by opvAB phase variation thus preadapts Salmonella to survive phage challenge with a fitness cost that is transient only.España , Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BIO2013-44220-Rand BIO2013-46281-

New Insight on Phenolic Composition and Evaluation of the Vitamin C and Nutritional Value of Smoothies Sold on the Spanish Market

Fruits and vegetables are a source of a wide range of nutrients, including bioactive compounds. These compounds have great biological activity and have been linked to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Currently, the food industry is developing new products to introduce these compounds, whereby smoothies are becoming more popular among consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality and the polyphenol and vitamin C content of smoothies available on the Spanish market. An evaluation of the nutritional information and ingredients was carried out. The phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS; the vitamin C content was quantified using HPLC-UV/VIS; and the antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH and FRAP. Among all of the ingredients of the smoothies, coconut and banana have shown a negative impact on the polyphenol content of the smoothies. In contrast, ingredients such as orange, mango, and passion fruit had a positive correlation with the vitamin C content. Moreover, apple and red fruits showed the highest positive correlations with most of the phenolic acids, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities. In addition, a clustering analysis was performed, and four groups were clearly defined according to the bioactive composition determined here. This research is a precious step for the formulation of new smoothies and to increase their polyphenol quality.SHEALTHY project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 81793

Descripción de índices basados en la adhesión al patrón dietético mediterráneo: una revisión

Introduction: diet quality indexes are tools are aimed at quantifying the compliance to a defined dietary pattern. These indexes are a combined measure of dietary factors (food groups, foods, nutrients and ratios) and/or lifestyles factors. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a dietary pattern characterized by their positive effects against chronic diseases. There have been many indexes proposed for the assessment of this dietary pattern. An evaluation of their composition and health benefits is therefore convenient. Objective: the objective is to evaluate indexes of adherence to the MD with regard to their definition, methodological issues and validation as reported in epidemiological studies. Methods: we searched in PubMed for studies that developed MD Indexes up to October 2014. Results: a total number of 22 indexes were identified, with differences regarding the number of components (7-28), scoring (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 or 10, in case of compliance), range (0-100) and type of components (which could be food groups/foods or their combination, with nutrients). Among the positive components, fruits and vegetables were the most common and meats, among the negative components. There were also differences with regard to their composition and evaluation (e.g. criteria of moderate alcohol consumption), as well as with the scoring system (in medians, terciles or established servings).Conclusions: this review suggests that since there is great heterogeneity in the definition of MD. It would be therefore convenient to establish more clearly the components to be included and to establish commonly defined criteria to quantify this dietary pattern.Introducción: los índices de calidad la de dieta son herramientas que sirven para cuantificar el cumplimiento de un patrón dietético definido. Estos índices son una medida combinada de factores dietéticos (grupos alimenticios, alimentos, nutrientes y ratios) y/o estilos de vida. La dieta mediterránea (DM) es un patrón dietético que se caracteriza por sus efectos positivos contra ciertas enfermedades crónicas. Existen numerosos índices propuestos para la valoración de este patrón dietético. Es por lo tanto conveniente una evaluación de su composición y sus efectos sobre la salud. Objetivo: el objetivo es evaluar los índices de adhesión al patrón dietético mediterráneo en cuanto a su definición, aspectos metodológicos y validación en estudios epidemiológicos. Métodos: se buscaron en PubMed estudios que desarrollaron índices de DM hasta octubre de 2014. Resultados: se identificaron un total de 22 índices, con diferencias en cuanto al número de componentes (7-28), puntuación (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 o 10, en el caso de cumplimiento), rango (0-100) y tipo de componentes (grupos de alimentos/alimentos o su combinación con nutrientes). Entre los componentes positivos, los más comunes fueron frutas y verduras, y carnes entre los negativos. También hubo diferencias con respecto a su composición y evaluación (p. ej. criterios de consumo moderado de alcohol), así como con el sistema de puntuación (en medianas, terciles o raciones establecidas). Conclusiones: esta revisión sugiere que existe una gran heterogeneidad en la definición de DM. Sería por tanto apropiado establecer con mayor claridad los componentes que deben incluirse, así como definir criterios comunes para cuantificar este patrón dietético.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health. Health Research Fund. PI12/00002, co-funded ERDF and It’s part of the doctoral thesis named: “Relación entre ingesta y acumulación de productos de Maillard de la dieta con el status endógeno antioxidante/oxidativo/ inflamatorio individual (“Indice de balance oxidativo”) y con la calidad de la dieta