Factor structure of mood over time frames and circumstances of measurement: Two studies on the Profile of Mood States questionnaire

This paper presents the results of two studies on the invariance of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire across response time frames and circumstances of administration. We applied Spanish versions of the instrument to gather data from 1146 athletes. In the first study (N = 700), we tested the factor structure of the questionnaire in training sessions by using two different time frames: ‘right now’ (n = 350) and ‘past week’ (n = 350). In the second study (N = 446), we compared the factor structure of the questionnaire with data collected using the instruction ‘right now’ at two different circumstances: ‘training’ (n = 223) and ‘competition’ (n = 223). Data analysis was similar in both studies. We conducted multi-group confirmatory factor analyses and applied the scaled difference chi-square statistic to examine whether discrepancies in successive constrained models were significant. We observed configural equivalence between the two time frames. Furthermore, we observed metric equivalence but not scalar invariance between the different circumstances of measurement. The findings highlight the need for studies of equivalence before using a single self-report with more than one set of instructions, or under diverse circumstances. Invariance of mood scores should be examined and taken into account when interpreting individual and group mood state assessmentsThis research was supported in part by the Galician Department of Culture, Education and Universities [grant number ED431B2016-017 (with cooperation and English style review of the manuscript under grant GPC2014-047)]. The first author belongs to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership [grant number AGRUP2015/02]. All these programmes are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund of the European UnionS

Fenología floral de nueve variedades de nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch).

Most phenological studies focus on the observation of changes in the morphology of the plant, with relatively rapid appearance, transformation or disappearance of certain organs or different events, which are called phenological phenomena. The interval between two events or phenological phenomena defines a phenological state or development phase of plants. The objective of this work was to document the floral phenology of poinsettia and its anatomical changes, to define aspects related to genetic improvement. Three varieties of poinsettia and six shade cultivars were studied. The recording of the observations of the phenological phases of flowering began with the pigmentation of the central midrib of the bract, which shows the beginning of the reproductive phase, daily observations were made to describe the successive phenological changes until the formation of fruits; The international Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische (BBCH) scale, which provides a decimal coding system, was used to describe the different phenological stages. The duration of flowering was recorded (in days). The duration of flowering differed in each of the phenological stages among varieties. On the sun poinsettias the onset of the ciatus development occurs in an ascending manner, while on the shadow poinsettias it occurs in descending manner. The results allowed documenting the floral phenology with which, in later works, a genetic improvement program can be established that allows for crossbreeding between varietiesLas plantas Euphorbiaceae pertenecen a una de las familias más grande, compuesta por más de 300 géneros y 8000 especies. La inflorescencia de la nochebuena está compuesta  por un conjunto de ciatos de primer a cuarto orden. La escala internacional BBCH con la cual plantearon un sistema de codificación decimal para describir las diferentes etapas fenológicas. El objetivo fue documentar la fenología floral de nochebuena sus cambios anatómicos, para definir aspectos relacionados con el mejoramiento genético. Se estudiaron tres variedades de nochebuena de sol y seis cultivares de sombra. Para las fases fenológicas de floración los registros iniciaron desde que la nervadura central de la bráctea, se hicieron observaciones diarias para describir los cambios fenológicos sucesivos hasta la formación de frutos. Se determinó la duración de la floración y se registró en días. Los datos obtenidos para duración de la floración fueron estudiados mediante análisis de varianza y comparación de medias. Los resultados en la duración de la floración mostraron que existen diferencias en cada una de las etapas fenológicas entre variedades. En las nochebuenas de sol se observó que el inicio del desarrollo del ciato ocurrió de manera ascendente, caso contrario en las nochebuenas de sombra en donde se observó que ocurren de manera ascendente. Los resultados permitieron determinar que las tres variedades de sol, Belén, Juan Pablo y Amanecer navideño pueden fungir como hembras en un programa de mejoramiento genético, por presentar mayor cantidad de flores hermafroditas y mayor cantidad de frutos formados. &nbsp

Análisis del grado de articulación intersectorial al interior de la Comisión Intersectorial de Primera Infancia en Colombia

Este trabajo busca explicar las resistencias de coordinación interinstitucional de la Comisión Intersectorial Para la Primera Infancia, a lo largo de la presente investigación se busca presentar los elementos teóricos relacionados con la gestión intersectorial de la gestión pública con el propósito de construir una base teórica que permitiera ser aplicada en los análisis concernientes al estudio de la CIPI, escribir el papel de la CIPI a partir del marco legal y normativo de la política de Estado De Cero a Siempre y analizar la coordinación interinstitucional dentro de la CIPI. Esta investigación deja un futuro camino de reflexión sobre la necesidad de cambiar la lógica sectorial y burocrática en la intervención de la política pública de primera infancia, como una herramienta de mejoramiento de la gestión pública ante estos problemas complejos que no han podido ser resueltos a partir de la especialización de una sola institución para tratar problemas multidimensionales. Esta participación no puede quedar solo en el espacio técnico, sino que debe traducirse a la operación de la atención a los niños más vulnerados de la primera infancia en el país, en el cual el trabajo mancomunado de las instituciones del orden local, departamental y nacional es indispensable para lograr mayores objetivos de gestión con esta población.This work seeks to explain the resistance of inter-institutional coordination of the Intersectoral Commission for Early Childhood, throughout this research we seek to present the theoretical elements related to the intersectoral management of public management in order to build a theoretical basis that would allow be applied in the analysis concerning the study of the CIPI, write the role of the CIPI based on the legal and normative framework of the State policy From Zero to Always and analyze the interinstitutional coordination within the CIPI. This research leaves a future path of reflection on the need to change the sectoral and bureaucratic logic in the intervention of early childhood public policy, as a tool to improve public management in the face of these complex problems that have not been able to be solved from of the specialization of a single institution to deal with multidimensional problems. This participation cannot remain only in the technical space, but must be translated into the operation of care for the most vulnerable children of early childhood in the country, in which the joint work of the institutions of the local, departmental and national order it is essential to achieve higher management objectives with this population.Magíster en Gobierno y Políticas PúblicasMaestrí

Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from non-woody plants used for manufacturing high-quality papers

The chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from fibers of three annual plants, namely hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) that are commonly used for high quality paper pulp production was studied. The cloroform soluble fractions of the acetone extracts of the fibers were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were series of n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, n-aldehydes, n-fatty alcohols and waxes. On the other hand, free and esterified sterols and triterpenols, steroid hydrocarbons, steroid and triterpenoid ketones, as well as sterol glycosides were also found in the fibers studied here.A.G. acknowledges a "Ramón y Cajal" contract of the Spanish MCYT. We thank CELESA (Tortosa, Spain) for providing the raw materials.Peer reviewe

El enojo desde la perspectiva de un grupo de niños y niñas mexicanos

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las diferentes vivencias que los niños experimentan en torno a la emoción del enojo y analizar los factores que lo predisponen, así como las acciones que lleva a cabo para regular esta emoción. El estudio es cualitativo bajo un enfoque fenomenológico. Participaron un total de 34 niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años de los cuales 16 (47%) de ellos fueron niños y 18 (53%) fueron niñas. El muestreo fue noprobabilístico por conveniencia. La técnica para recolectar los datos fue un cuestionario conformado por nueve preguntas, que refiere a las cogniciones, conductas y sentimientos con respecto al enojo, el cual se aplicó en pequeños grupos conformados por 4 niños y/o niñas. Los resultados muestran que desde la perspectiva de los niños el enojo es sentirse irritado, expresarlo con gestos o respuestas agresivas, y la forma de regular su enojo es tratando de tranquilizarse o bien buscar una solución. Se concluye que las respuestas de los niños son más reactivas que anticipatorias.   This study aimed to explore the different experiences that children experience around the emotion of anger and to analyze the factors that predispose it, as well as the actions carried out to regulate this emotion. The study is qualitative under a phenomenological approach. A total of 34 boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12 participated, of which 16 (47%) of them were boys and 18 (53%) were girls. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. The technique to collect the data was a questionnaire made up of nine questions, which refers to cognitions, behaviors and feelings regarding anger, which was applied in small groups made up of 4 boys and / or girls. The results show that, from the children's perspective, anger is feeling irritated, expressing it with gestures or aggressive responses, and the way to regulate their anger is by trying to calm down or find a solution. It is concluded that the children's responses are more reactive than anticipatory

Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] (A. Gutiérrez)The chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers, which are used for high-quality paper pulp production was studied. The lipophilic extract, which accounted for 0.5 % of total sisal fiber weight, was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using short- and medium-length high temperature capillary columns, respectively. For a more detailed characterization, the extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction and the fractions obtained were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The most predominant compounds identified were fatty acids (30% of total lipids) including α- and -hydroxyfatty acids, fatty alcohols (20%), free sterols (11%), alkanes (11%) and a series of ferulic acid esters of long chain alcohols and -hydroxyfatty acids (10%). Additionally, steroid hydrocarbons and ketones, monoglycerides, aldehydes, waxes, and sterol glycosides were also found together with minor amounts of diglycerides, and sterol esters.This study has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT) (projects AGL2002-00393 and AGL2005-01748) and EU project (BIORENEW, NMP2-CT-2006-026456). We thank CELESA pulp mill (Tortosa, Spain) for providing the sisal fibers.Peer reviewe

Plan de marketing internacional de la empresa fabricante y comercializadora de calzado en cuero S&H Puro Cuero, en el mercado de los Estados Unidos y Kuwait.

85 páginasS&H Puro Cuero, surge para satisfacer una necesidad básica de la subsistencia de la época. La idea principal de su creador era comercializar calzado a domicilio a sus contados clientes. Se había asociado con proveedores que fabricaban el calzado y él los distribuía a sus clientes. Con el paso de los años, el dueño decide ampliar el negocio y abrir su primer punto de venta en el Barrio Restrepo, en Bogotá. Con los planes de expansión de su negocio, junto con su hijo, tomaron la decisión de comprar las materias primas para empezar a producir artículos en cuero como billeteras y correas, como extensiones de línea de su producto principal. Actualmente cuentan con varias tiendas en la ciudad de Bogotá, en diferentes sectores comerciales. A futuro, tienen planes de crecimiento con la apertura de nuevas tiendas a nivel internacional.S & H Puro Cuero, arises to satisfy a basic need of the subsisten ce of the time. Toe main idea of its creator was to market footwear to its customers. He had partnered with suppliers who made the shoes and he distributed them to bis customers. Over the years, the owner decides to expand the business and open its first point of sale in Barrio Restrepo in Bogotá. With the expansion plans of his business, together with his son, they made the decision to buy the raw materials to start producíng leather goods such as wallets and belts. Currently they have severa! stores in the city of Bogota, in different cornmercial sectors. In the future, they have growth plans with the opening of new stores atan international level.Especialista en Gerencia de MercadeoEspecializació

Secado y almacenamiento de semillas de mandarino 'Cleopatra'

The objetives of this work were to evaluate the effect of the treatment with chemical products and the humidity content for conservation of seeds of ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan). Seeds with 14.7% of moisture content were treated with four fungicides and 8-hydroxyquinoline and stored at 4±2°C for one year. Three groups of seeds with 5.0, 14.7% and 26.8% of moisture content were stored as above. Germination and emergence were evaluated at the beginning of the two experiments, at six and twelve months of storage. In the test with chemical products, storage of seeds with 14.7% of moisture content was possible only for six months, with higher percentages of germination and emergence (59.3% and 54.0%, respectively), while in seeds without chemical treatment percentages of germination and emergence were about 33.3% and 27.3%, repectively. As far as the moisture content of the seed is concerned, at six months of storage the highest seedlings emergence (63,6% and 58.0%) were obtained, in seeds with 26.8% and 5% of moisture, respectively. Twelve-months-seeds with 5% of moisture content caused 75.6% of emergence.The objetives of this work were to evaluate the effect of the treatment with chemical products and the humidity content for conservation of seeds of 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan). Seeds with 14.7% of moisture content were treated with four fungicides and 8-hydroxyquinoline and stored at 4±2°C for one year. Three groups of seeds with 5.0, 14.7% and 26.8% of moisture content were stored as above. Germination and emergence were evaluated at the beginning of the two experiments, at six and twelve months of storage. In the test with chemical products, storage of seeds with 14.7% of moisture content was possible only for six months, with higher percentages of germination and emergence (59.3% and 54.0%, respectively), while in seeds without chemical treatment percentages of germination and emergence were about 33.3% and 27.3%, repectively. As far as the moisture content of the seed is concerned, at six months of storage the highest seedlings emergence (63,6% and 58.0%) were obtained, in seeds with 26.8% and 5% of moisture, respectively. Twelve-months-seeds with 5% of moisture content caused 75.6% of emergence.Los objetivos del trabajo fueron evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con productos químicos y contenido de humedad en la conservación de semillas de mandarino 'Cleopatra' (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan). Semillas con 14,7% de humedad tratadas con cuatro funguicidas y 8-hidroxiquinoleina, fueron almacenadas a 4±2°C durante un año, al igual que tres lotes de semillas con 5,0%, 14,7% y 26,8% de humedad, tratadas con y sin 8-hidroxiquinoleina. Se evaluó la germinación y emergencia al inicio del experimento, a los seis y 12 meses de almacenamiento. En la prueba con productos químicos, el almacenamiento de semillas con 14,7% de humedad sólo fue viable hasta los seis meses, con mayores porcentajes de germinación y emergencia (59,3% y 54,0%, respectivamente), mientras que, en las semillas sin tratamiento químico fue de 33,3% y 27,3%, respectivamente. En relación con el contenido de humedad de las semillas, a los seis meses de almacenamiento se obtuvo mayor emergencia de plántulas (63,6% y 58,0%) en semillas con 26,8% y 5%, mientras que a los 12 meses, las semillas con 5%, de humedad tuvieron 75,6% de emergencia

Poliembrionia e identificação de seedlings zigóticos e nucelares de limão volkameriano com RAPD

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the frequency of polyembryony, and to identify zygotic and nucellar seedlings of Citrus volkameriana using RAPD. Twenty-five polyembryonic and eight monoembryonic seeds were cultivated in vitro for six months. DNA from seedlings was extracted and used in combination with five RAPD primers to identify zygotic or nucellar origin of the seedlings. Environmental conditions of the year affected significantly (P≤0.05) the morphological characteristics of fruits and the number of embryos per seed. Polyembryonic seeds ranged from 30.9%, 44.8% to 54.4% over three years. Morphological characteristic was not correlated with polyembryony. In vitro culture enable all embryos of each seed to grow, favoring the percentage of seedlings identified as zygotic. In polyembryonic and monoembryonic seeds, 25.9% and 87.5% of the seedlings, respectively, were sexually originated. In polyembryonic seeds, not all zygotic seedlings were produced by small embryos located at the micropyle.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a freqüência da poliembrionia e indentificar os seedlings zigóticos e nucelares de Citrus volkameriana usando RAPD. Cultivaram-se in vitro 25 sementes poliembriônicas e 8 monoembriônicas, por seis meses. Extraiu-se o DNA dos seedlings e usou-se em combinação com cinco primers RAPD para identificar a origem zigótica e nucelar das plântulas. Os resultados mostraram que as condições ambientais do ano afetaram significativamente (P≤0,05) as características morfológicas dos frutos e o número de embriões por semente. Os índices de sementes poliembriônicas variaram nos três anos de avaliação (30,9%, 44,8% e 54,4%). As características morfológicas não se correlacionaram com a poliembrionia. A cultura in vitro possibilita que todos os embriões de cada semente cresçam, favorecendo os seedlings identificados como zigóticos. Nas sementes poliembriônicas e monoembriônicas, 25,9% e 87,5% dos seedlings, respectivamente, originaram-se sexualmente. Nem todos os seedlings zigóticos foram produzidos por embriões localizados no micrófilo das sementes poliembriônicas