ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE DISEÑO DE EXPERIMENTOS DE SUPERFICIE DE RESPUESTA CON DISEÑO CENTRAL COMPUESTO Y REGRESIÓN NO LINEAL (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT DESIGN RESPONSE SURFACE WITH COMPOSITE CENTRAL DESIGN AND NON-LINEAR REGRESSION)

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis entre dos técnicas para modelar funciones no lineales con el diseño de experimentos, estas técnicas son el Diseño Central Compuesto y el Análisis de Regresión No-Lineal. Se utilizaron datos de un caso reportado en literatura para modelar la rugosidad después de una operación de corte maquinado. Se comparan las predicciones de los modelos y de los resultados obtenidos, se concluyen consecuencias que pueden ser de importancia en la aplicación de las dos técnicas. Palabras clave: Diseño Central Compuesto, Diseño de Experimentos, Regresión No Lineal, Rugosidad. Abstract The objective of this study is to perform an analysis between two techniques for non-linear functional functions with the design of experiments, these techniques are the Composite Central Design and the Non-Linear Regression Analysis. Data from one case reported in the literature were used to model roughness after a machined cutting operation. If the predictions of the models and the results obtained are compared, the consequences that may be important in the application of the two techniques are concluded. Keywords: Compound Central Design, Experiment Design, Nonlinear Regression, Roughness

Medium- and Short-Term Interventions with Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Adults of Bauta, Havana

Background. In Cuba, the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet has shown positive results in 6-month assays with type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of this diet at short and medium terms. Methods. Sixty-five type 2 diabetic volunteers were included for dietary intervention, institutionally based for 21 days and followed later at home, until completing 3 months. 54 of them stayed until assay end. Before intervention, and after both assay periods, they were submitted to anthropometric records, body composition analyses and measurements of serum biochemical indicators, glycemic profile in capillary blood, blood pressure, and medication consumption; food intake was evaluated by the 3-day dietary recall. Results. During the intervention, the energy intake was 200 kcal higher at instance of more complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber and despite less fat and protein. Blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators decreased significantly in both periods; the safety nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, serum total proteins, and albumin) showed no variations. The global cardiovascular risk decreased and insulin consumption dropped by 46% and 64%, in both periods, respectively. Conclusions. The Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet was a successful therapy at short term and after 3-month home-based intervention, for type 2 diabetics

Estudio de Prefactibilidad para la Construcción de Redes Eléctricas Normalizadas en un Barrio de Invasión en el Sur de Bogotá

Desarrollar un estudio de pre-factibilidad que determine si es viable la construcción de una red de distribución de energía eléctrica normalizada en el Barrio de invasión San Agustín en la localidad de Rafael Uribe al sur de Bogotá.Los barrios de invasión en el sur de Bogotá son muy comunes, debido a los desplazamientos forzados a causa de la guerra, a la venta de lotes a bajo costo en la periferia de Bogotá y a la falta de recursos de las personas que los conforman. En la construcción y desarrollo de estos sectores se van creando las necesidades de las redes de los servicios públicos de primera necesidad y estas se van construyendo de manera subnormal, poniendo en riesgo la vida y la salud de las personas que habitan allí, entre esos servicios se encuentra el servicio de energía eléctrica, el cual se va construyendo a medida que va creciendo el barrio, con elementos no normalizados y conductores reutilizados y en mal estado que no cumplen las características necesarias para el tipo de consumo que va a existir en la zona, generando incendios en las redes, cortos circuitos, desnivelación de postes, fluctuaciones de tensión, problemas de regulación y daños en los electrodomésticos. por este motivo se plantea hacer un estudio de pre factibilidad con sus respectivos estudios de apoyo que determine la viabilidad de construir la red normalizada de un barrio de invasión que contiene más de 300 casas.Invasion neighborhoods in southern Bogota are very common, due to forced displacements due to war, the sale of low-cost lots on the outskirts of Bogota and the lack of resources of the people who make up them. In the construction and development of these sectors, the needs of the public services networks of first need are created and these are being built subnormally, putting at risk the lives and health of the people who live there, among those services is the electricity service, which is built as the neighborhood grows , with non-standard elements and repurposed and unhealthy conductors that do not meet the characteristics necessary for the type of consumption that will exist in the area, generating fires in the nets, short circuits, unevenness of poles, voltage fluctuations, regulatory problems and damage to the appliances. for this reason it is proposed to do a pre-feasibility study with their respective support studies that determines the feasibility of building the standardized network of an invasion neighborhood containing more than 300 houses

Estudio de Prefactibilidad para la Construcción de Redes Eléctricas Normalizadas en un Barrio de Invasión en el Sur de Bogotá

Desarrollar un estudio de pre-factibilidad que determine si es viable la construcción de una red de distribución de energía eléctrica normalizada en el Barrio de invasión San Agustín en la localidad de Rafael Uribe al sur de Bogotá.Los barrios de invasión en el sur de Bogotá son muy comunes, debido a los desplazamientos forzados a causa de la guerra, a la venta de lotes a bajo costo en la periferia de Bogotá y a la falta de recursos de las personas que los conforman. En la construcción y desarrollo de estos sectores se van creando las necesidades de las redes de los servicios públicos de primera necesidad y estas se van construyendo de manera subnormal, poniendo en riesgo la vida y la salud de las personas que habitan allí, entre esos servicios se encuentra el servicio de energía eléctrica, el cual se va construyendo a medida que va creciendo el barrio, con elementos no normalizados y conductores reutilizados y en mal estado que no cumplen las características necesarias para el tipo de consumo que va a existir en la zona, generando incendios en las redes, cortos circuitos, desnivelación de postes, fluctuaciones de tensión, problemas de regulación y daños en los electrodomésticos. por este motivo se plantea hacer un estudio de pre factibilidad con sus respectivos estudios de apoyo que determine la viabilidad de construir la red normalizada de un barrio de invasión que contiene más de 300 casas.Invasion neighborhoods in southern Bogota are very common, due to forced displacements due to war, the sale of low-cost lots on the outskirts of Bogota and the lack of resources of the people who make up them. In the construction and development of these sectors, the needs of the public services networks of first need are created and these are being built subnormally, putting at risk the lives and health of the people who live there, among those services is the electricity service, which is built as the neighborhood grows , with non-standard elements and repurposed and unhealthy conductors that do not meet the characteristics necessary for the type of consumption that will exist in the area, generating fires in the nets, short circuits, unevenness of poles, voltage fluctuations, regulatory problems and damage to the appliances. for this reason it is proposed to do a pre-feasibility study with their respective support studies that determines the feasibility of building the standardized network of an invasion neighborhood containing more than 300 houses

The effect of comorbidities on glycemic control among Colombian adults with diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal approach with real-world data

Background: Achieving an optimal glycemic control has been described to reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) related complications. The association between comorbidities and glycemic control remains unclear. Our aim is to evaluate the effect of comorbidities on glycemic control in people living with DM. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study on data from the National Registry of Chronic Kidney Disease from 2014 to 2019 in Colombia. The outcome was poor glycemic control (PGC = HbA1c ≥7.0%). The association between each comorbidity (hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD) or obesity) and PGC was evaluated through multivariate mixed effects logistic regression models. The measures of effect were odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also evaluated the main associations stratified by gender, insurance, and early onset diabetes as well as statistical interaction between each comorbidity and ethnicity. Results: From 969,531 people at baseline, 85% had at least one comorbidity; they were older and mostly female. In people living with DM and CKD, the odds of having a PGC were 78% (OR: 1.78, CI 95%: 1.55-2.05) higher than those without CKD. Same pattern was observed in obese for whom the odds were 52% (OR: 1.52, CI 95%: 1.31-1.75) higher than in non-obese. Non-significant association was found between HTN and PGC. We found statistical interaction between comorbidities and ethnicity (afro descendant) as well as effect modification by health insurance and early onset DM. Conclusions: Prevalence of comorbidities was high in adults living with DM. Patients with concomitant CKD or obesity had significantly higher odds of having a PGC

Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus: pooled analysis of short-term intervention studies

SummaryThe macrobiotic, Ma‐Pi 2 diet (12% protein, 18% fat and 70% carbohydrate), has shown benefit in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This pooled analysis aims to confirm results from four, 21‐day intervention studies with the Ma‐Pi 2 diet, carried out in Cuba, China, Ghana and Italy. Baseline and end of study biochemical, body composition and blood pressure data, were compared using multivariate statistical methods and assessment of the Cohen effect size (d). Results showed that all measured indicators demonstrated significant changes (p  0.05). Similarly, glycemia and glycemic profiles in all four studies were independent of the sample size (p = 0.237). The Ma‐Pi diet 2 significantly reduced glycemia, serum lipids, uremia and cardiovascular risk in adults with T2DM. These results suggest that the Ma‐Pi 2 diet could be a valid alternative treatment for patients with T2DM and point to the need for further clinical studies. Mechanisms related to its benefits as a functional diet are discussed. © 2013 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Organoleptic Characterization of a Skimmed Goat Milk Fermented with the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum C4

The benefits of goat milk, fermented milks, and probiotics for the humans are well documented. In this study, a novel fermented goat milk was manufactured with the putative probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum C4 together with L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Ultrafiltration was chosen as the skimmed milk concentration method because it produced the best viscosity and syneresis and a high casein content. The viability rate of all bacterial strains was >107 cfu/mL, even after 5 weeks of storage or after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, which is especially important for exertion of the probiotic strain functionalities. This fermented milk is also a good source of nutrients, having a low lactose and fat content, high protein proportion, and good mineral concentration. According to these data and the overall acceptability described by panelists, this fermented milk is a healthy dairy product comparable with commercially available fermented milks.This study was financially supported by research funds from project AGR-141 from the Consejería de Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía)

Nutritional screening and prevalence of hospital malnutrition risk. University Hospital of the UANL, Monterrey

Introduction: Hospital malnutrition risk has prevalence values of 20%-50%, and it is a major health problem in the health institutions worldwide. Objective: To assess the accomplishment of nutritional screening and the prevalence of hospital malnutrition risk in a University Hospital. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out with nutritional screening, using primary data from six clinical areas obtained in the period between July 2012 and December 2013. According to previous results in Mexican health institutions and considering a mean malnutrition risk prevalence of 50%, it was calculated that a sample size of 3200 subjects was required for the assessment of valid risk values. Patients with values ≥3 on the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS, 2002) were classiied as carriers of nutritional risk. Results: A total of 5611 patients (38% of all patients admitted) were studied. The rate of screening declined from 55% in 2012 to 31% in 2013. During the whole period, 3034 patients were classiied with risk of malnutrition (54% prevalence). Conclusions: The prevalence of hospital malnutrition risk was high. The accomplishment of the nutritional screening was deicient, and declined between 2012 and 2013. The lack of nutritional screening does not meet the vital care requirements of hospitalized patients and prevents the timely treatment of those at malnutrition risk

Identification and characterization of Cardiac Glycosides as senolytic compounds

Compounds with specific cytotoxic activity in senescent cells, or senolytics, support the causal involvement of senescence in aging and offer therapeutic interventions. Here we report the identification of Cardiac Glycosides (CGs) as a family of compounds with senolytic activity. CGs, by targeting the Na+/K+ATPase pump, cause a disbalanced electrochemical gradient within the cell causing depolarization and acidification. Senescent cells present a slightly depolarized plasma membrane and higher concentrations of H+, making them more susceptible to the action of CGs. These vulnerabilities can be exploited for therapeutic purposes as evidenced by the in vivo eradication of tumors xenografted in mice after treatment with the combination of a senogenic and a senolytic drug. The senolytic effect of CGs is also effective in the elimination of senescence-induced lung fibrosis. This experimental approach allows the identification of compounds with senolytic activity that could potentially be used to develop effective treatments against age-related diseases.We thank Matthias Drosten, Alejo Efeyan and Sean Morrison for plasmids. F.T-M. is a postdoctoral fellow from CONACYT (cvu 268632); P.P. is a predoctoral fellow from Xunta de Galicia; M.C. is a "Miguel Servet II" investigator (CPII16/00015). P.P.-R. receives support from a program by the Deputacion de Coruna (BINV-CS/2019). Work in the laboratory of M.C. is funded by grant RTI2018-095818-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). P.J.F.-M. is funded by the IMDEA Food Institute, the Ramon Areces Foundation, (CIVP18A3891), and a Ramon y Cajal Award (MICINN) (RYC-2017-22335). M.P.I. is funded by Talento Modalidad-1 Program Grant, Madrid Regional Government (#2018-T1/BIO-11262). F.P. was funded by a Long Term EMBO Fellowship (ALTF-358-2017) and F.H-G. was funded by the PhD4MD Programme of the IRB, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS. Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the IRB and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2013-48256-R), the European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), and "laCaixa" Foundation.S