El aula invertida una estrategia en la enseñanza de la Informática

 Introducción: El aula invertida resulta una modalidad educativa utilizada en la actualidad,  donde    el estudiante no es un agente pasivo en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, en esta modalidad juega un papel importante la selección adecuada de los temas por parte de los docentes. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia utilizando la modalidad Aula Invertida, aplicada a los estudiantes de primer año de medicina, para  el desarrollo de competencias en Software Libre para la Gestión de Información de los contenidos teóricos de los temas I y II de la asignatura Informática Médica. Material y método: Se le aplicó a la totalidad de los estudiantes matriculados en el primer año del curso escolar 2017-2018, previa selección por parte del colectivo docente de los temas a tratar y la preparación de materiales al efecto. Resultados: Se alcanzaron resultados favorables y de calidad por parte de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La utilización de esta modalidad permitió en el momento de la clase el debate y resumen de los temas y el mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo disponible, así como el logro de habilidades prácticas. Favorece la independencia y autonomía de los estudiantes en la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades.Palabras clave: Aula Invertida, aprendizaje colaborativo.</p

Dentro del espejo. Análisis de la visión del alumnado universitario sobre la intervención profesional en violencia de género en España.

El tratamiento de la violencia de género como problema público constituye el revulsivo definitivo para iniciar su erradicación. Los y las profesionales de la intervención social tienen en ello un papel fundamental como mediadores/as entre las instituciones y la población. El objetivo principal de este estudio consiste en describir la situación de dichos/as profesionales en la lucha contra la violencia de género en España a partir de las percepciones de una muestra de alumnado de la Universidad de Málaga. Para dar respuesta a dicho objetivo, se implementa una metodología cualitativa mediante la aplicación de una matriz DAFO. Los resultados obtenidos subrayan especialmente las amenazas a las que deben enfrentarse los y las interventores sociales, resaltando aquí la inversión deficiente y la falta de respuesta social. Asimismo, se remarca la falta de habilidades sociales como debilidad del colectivo analizado. Desde un punto de vista positivo, se destaca la experiencia y la competencia profesional, fortalecidas por los avances legislativos y la diversidad de recursos existentes en España para abordar la violencia de género. Las aportaciones de esta investigación sirven para diseñar planes de estudio y políticas públicas que promuevan una intervención social más efectiva en violencia de género.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Proyecto de educación en salud ambiental: "El castillo mágico"

El presente es un proyecto de educación en salud ambiental titulado "El Castillo Mágico", realizado por Médicos del Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom que cursan el Diplomado en Educación Superior en Salud de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (UEES), promoción 2002, válido como trabajo de graduación. Tiene como propósito que a través de actividades recreativas los niños(as) que consultan a este hospital, se conviertan en personas susceptibles de participar en forma positiva y activa en el proceso de cambio ecológico, para mejorar el medio ambiente en que viven y por ende su salud, partiendo de la concepción de la salud y la enfermedad como un fenómeno bio-psico-social

Performance of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) for triage of HPV screen-positive women: results from the ESTAMPA study

Q1Q1Pacientes con Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH)VIA is recommended for triage of HPV-positive women attending cervical screening. In the multicentric ESTAMPA study, VIA performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) among HPV-positive women was evaluated. Women aged 30-64 years were screened with HPV testing and cytology and referred to colposcopy if either test was positive. At colposcopy visit, study-trained midwives/nurses/GPs performed VIA ahead of colposcopy. VIA was considered positive if acetowhite lesions were observed in or close to the transformation zone. Ablative treatment eligibility was assessed for VIA positives. Performance indicators were estimated. Three thousand one hundred and forty-two HPV-positive women were included. Sensitivity for CIN3+ was 85.9% (95% CI 81.2-89.5) among women <50 years and, although not significant, slightly lower in women 50+ (78.0%, 95% CI 65.9-86.6). Overall specificity was 58.6% (95% CI 56.7-60.5) and was significantly higher among women 50+ (70.3%, 95% CI 66.8-73.5) compared to women <50 (54.3%, 95% CI 52.1-56.5). VIA positivity was lower among women 50+ (35.2%, 95% CI 31.9-38.6) compared to women <50 (53.2, 95% CI 51.1-55.2). Overall eligibility for ablative treatment was 74.5% and did not differ by age. VIA sensitivity, specificity, and positivity, and ablative treatment eligibility varied highly by provider (ranges: 25%-95.4%, 44.9%-94.4%, 8.2%-65.3%, 0%-98.7%, respectively). VIA sensitivity for cervical precancer detection among HPV-positive women performed by trained providers was high with an important reduction in referral rates. However, scaling-up HPV screening triaged by VIA will be challenging due to the high variability of VIA performance and providers' need for training and supervision.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-9946Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Racial differences in pathways to care preceding first episode mania or psychosis: a historical cohort prodromal study

BackgroundThere is evidence suggesting racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). The purpose of this study is to compare psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic use preceding a first episode of mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) in racially diverse patients.MethodsUsing a comprehensive medical records linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project, REP), we retrospectively identified individuals diagnosed with BD or SZ and a documented first episode of mania or psychosis. Illness trajectory before FEP/FEM were characterized as the time from first visit for a mental health complaint to incident case. Pathways to care and clinical events preceding FEP/FEM were compared based on subsequent incident case diagnosis (BD or SZ) and self-reported race (White vs. non-White).ResultsA total of 205 (FEM = 74; FEP = 131) incident cases were identified in the REP. Duration of psychiatric antecedents was significantly shorter in non-White patients, compared to White patients (2.2 ± 4.3 vs. 7.4 ± 6.6 years; p &lt; 0.001) with an older age at time of first visit for a mental health complaint (15.7 ± 6.3 vs. 11.1 ± 6.0 years; p = 0.005). There were no significant differences by race in FEM pathway to care or age of first seeking mental health. Overall non-White patients had lower rates of psychotropic use.ConclusionThese data are unable to ascertain reasons for shorter duration of psychiatric antecedents and later age of seeking care, and more broadly first age of initial symptom presentation. If symptoms are confirmed to be earlier than first time seeking care in both groups, it would be important to identify barriers that racial minorities face to access timely psychiatric care and optimize early intervention strategies

Política andina de planificación y gestión de recursos humanos en salud

The countries of the Andean subregion Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, integrated into the Andean Health Organization - Hipólito Unanue Convention (ORAS - CONHU) developed and approved by Resolution REMSAA XXXIII / 474 of 23 November 2012, Andean Policy Planning and Management of Human Resources in Health and implementation of its Action Plan 2013-2017.Los países de la subregión andina Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela, integrados en el Organismo Andino de Salud – Convenio Hipólito Unanue (ORAS – CONHU) elaboraron y aprobaron mediante Resolución REMSAA XXXIII/474 del 23 de Noviembre de 2012, la Política Andina de Planificación y Gestión de Recursos Humanos en Salud y la implementación de su Plan de Acción 2013 – 2017

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true